scholarly journals Salient in space, salient in time: Fixation probability predicts fixation duration during natural scene viewing

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Einhäuser ◽  
Antje Nuthmann
Keyword(s):  
Fixation Duration ◽  
Fixation Probability ◽  
Natural Scene ◽  
Scene Viewing

scholarly journals A Computational Dual-Process Model of Fixation-Duration Control in Natural Scene Viewing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Calen Walshe ◽  
Antje Nuthmann
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Fixation Duration ◽  
Stochastic Simulations ◽  
Dual Process ◽  
Natural Scene ◽  
Luminance Change ◽  
Dual Process Model ◽  
Scene Viewing ◽  
Visual Cognitive

AbstractResearch on eye-movement control during natural scene viewing has investigated the degree to which the duration of individual fixations can be immediately adjusted to ongoing visual-cognitive processing demands. Results from several studies using the fixation-contingent scene quality paradigm suggest that the timing of fixations adapts to stimulus changes that occur on a fixation-to-fixation basis. Analysis of fixation-duration distributions has revealed that saccade-contingent degradations and enhancements of the scene stimulus have two qualitatively distinct types of influence. The surprise effect begins early in a fixation and is tied to surprising visual events such as unexpected stimulus changes. The encoding effect is tied to difficulties in visual-cognitive processing and occurs relatively late within a fixation. Here, we formalize an existing descriptive account of these two effects (referred to as the dual-process account) by using stochastic simulations. In the computational model, surprise and encoding related influences are implemented as time-dependent changes in the rate at which saccade timing and programming are completed during critical fixations. The model was tested on data from two experiments in which the luminance of the scene image was either decreased or increased during selected critical fixations (Walshe & Nuthmann, Vision Research, 100, 38–46 2014). A counterfactual method was used to remove model components and to identify their specific influence on the fixation_duration distributions. The results suggest that the computational dual-process model provides a good account for the data from the luminance-change studies. We describe how the simulations can be generalized to explain a diverse set of experimental results.

scholarly journals Robust sampling of decision information during perceptual choice

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (10) ◽  
pp. 2771-2776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hildward Vandormael ◽  
Santiago Herce Castañón ◽  
Jan Balaguer ◽  
Vickie Li ◽  
Christopher Summerfield
Keyword(s):  
Large Body ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Natural Scene ◽  
Perceptual Decision Making ◽  
Final Choice ◽  
Perceptual Decision ◽  
Sample Information ◽  
Scene Viewing ◽  
Spatial Locations

Humans move their eyes to gather information about the visual world. However, saccadic sampling has largely been explored in paradigms that involve searching for a lone target in a cluttered array or natural scene. Here, we investigated the policy that humans use to overtly sample information in a perceptual decision task that required information from across multiple spatial locations to be combined. Participants viewed a spatial array of numbers and judged whether the average was greater or smaller than a reference value. Participants preferentially sampled items that were less diagnostic of the correct answer (“inlying” elements; that is, elements closer to the reference value). This preference to sample inlying items was linked to decisions, enhancing the tendency to give more weight to inlying elements in the final choice (“robust averaging”). These findings contrast with a large body of evidence indicating that gaze is directed preferentially to deviant information during natural scene viewing and visual search, and suggest that humans may sample information “robustly” with their eyes during perceptual decision-making.

scholarly journals Object Frequency and Predictability Effects on Eye Fixation Durations in Real-World Scene Viewing

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsueh-Cheng Wang ◽  
Alex D. Hwang ◽  
Marc Pomplun
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Latent Semantic Analysis ◽  
Fixation Duration ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Scene Analysis ◽  
Eye Fixations ◽  
Fixation Durations ◽  
Scene Viewing ◽  
Direction Of Effects ◽  
Text Reading

During text reading, the durations of eye fixations decrease with greater frequency and predictability of the currently fixated word (Rayner, 1998; 2009). However, it has not been tested whether those results also apply to scene viewing. We computed object frequency and predictability from both linguistic and visual scene analysis (LabelMe, Russell et al., 2008), and Latent Semantic Analysis (Landauer et al., 1998) was applied to estimate predictability. In a scene-viewing experiment, we found that, for small objects, linguistics-based frequency, but not scene-based frequency, had effects on first fixation duration, gaze duration, and total time. Both linguistic and scene-based predictability affected total time. Similar to reading, fixation duration decreased with higher frequency and predictability. For large objects, we found the direction of effects to be the inverse of those found in reading studies. These results suggest that the recognition of small objects in scene viewing shares some characteristics with the recognition of words in reading.

Fixation Duration Is Related to Local Image Statistics During Real-World Scene Viewing

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Brockmole ◽  
Michael L. Mack ◽  
Monica S. Castelhano ◽  
Aude Oliva ◽  
John M. Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Fixation Duration ◽  
Image Statistics ◽  
Scene Viewing ◽  
Local Image

Developmental changes in natural scene viewing in infancy.

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (7) ◽  
pp. 1025-1041
Author(s):  
Katherine I. Pomaranski ◽  
Taylor R. Hayes ◽  
Mee-Kyoung Kwon ◽  
John M. Henderson ◽  
Lisa M. Oakes
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Changes ◽  
Natural Scene ◽  
Scene Viewing

scholarly journals P3-8: Eye Position Distribution Depending on Head Orientation in Natural Scene Viewing

i-Perception ◽  
10.1068/if719 ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
pp. 719-719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryoichi Nakashima ◽  
Yu Fang ◽  
Kazumichi Matsumiya ◽  
Rumi Tokunaga ◽  
Ichiro Kuriki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head Orientation ◽  
Eye Position ◽  
Position Distribution ◽  
Natural Scene ◽  
Scene Viewing

scholarly journals Fixation durations in natural scene viewing are guided by peripheral scene content

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Einhäuser ◽  
Charlotte Atzert ◽  
Antje Nuthmann
Keyword(s):  
Natural Scene ◽  
Fixation Durations ◽  
Scene Viewing ◽  
Scene Content
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