scholarly journals The change of reading/writing habit induces the directional change in drawings, but not in photos.

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 841
Author(s):  
Hachoung Lee ◽  
Songjoo Oh
Keyword(s):  
Directional Change ◽  
Writing Habit

LambdaNet: A Fully Convolutional Architecture for Directional Change Detection

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (8) ◽  
pp. 114-1-114-7
Author(s):  
Bryan Blakeslee ◽  
Andreas Savakis
Keyword(s):  
Change Detection ◽  
Satellite Imagery ◽  
Classification Scheme ◽  
Deep Architecture ◽  
Binary Process ◽  
Directional Change ◽  
Class Labels ◽  
Image Pairs

Change detection in image pairs has traditionally been a binary process, reporting either “Change” or “No Change.” In this paper, we present LambdaNet, a novel deep architecture for performing pixel-level directional change detection based on a four class classification scheme. LambdaNet successfully incorporates the notion of “directional change” and identifies differences between two images as “Additive Change” when a new object appears, “Subtractive Change” when an object is removed, “Exchange” when different objects are present in the same location, and “No Change.” To obtain pixel annotated change maps for training, we generated directional change class labels for the Change Detection 2014 dataset. Our tests illustrate that LambdaNet would be suitable for situations where the type of change is unstructured, such as change detection scenarios in satellite imagery.

The Value of Neuroimaging Techniques in the Translation and Transdiagnostic Validation of Psychiatric Diagnoses - Selective Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 540-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Todeva-Radneva ◽  
Rositsa Paunova ◽  
Sevdalina Kandilarova ◽  
Drozdstoy St. Stoyanov
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Main Concept ◽  
Directional Change ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Neuroimaging Techniques

: Psychiatric diagnosis has long been perceived as more of an art than a science since its foundations lie within the observation, and the self-report of the patients themselves and objective diagnostic biomarkers are lacking. Furthermore, the diagnostic tools in use not only stray away from the conventional medical framework but also remain invalidated with evidence-based concepts. However, neuroscience, as a source of valid objective knowledge has initiated the process of a paradigm shift underlined by the main concept of psychiatric disorders being “brain disorders”. It is also a bridge closing the explanatory gap among the different fields of medicine via the translation of the knowledge within a multidisciplinary framework. : The contemporary neuroimaging methods, such as fMRI provide researchers with an entirely new set of tools to reform the current status quo by creating an opportunity to define and validate objective biomarkers that can be translated into clinical practice. Combining multiple neuroimaging techniques with the knowledge of the role of genetic factors, neurochemical imbalance and neuroinflammatory processes in the etiopathophysiology of psychiatric disorders is a step towards a comprehensive biological explanation of psychiatric disorders and a final differentiation of psychiatry as a well-founded medical science. : In addition, the neuroscientific knowledge gained thus far suggests a necessity for directional change to exploring multidisciplinary concepts, such as multiple causality and dimensionality of psychiatric symptoms and disorders. A concomitant viewpoint transition of the notion of validity in psychiatry with a focus on an integrative validatory approach may facilitate the building of a collaborative bridge above the wall existing between the scientific fields analyzing the mind and those studying the brain.

scholarly journals The effect of COVID19 pandemic restrictions on an urban rodent population

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel A. Bedoya-Pérez ◽  
Michael P. Ward ◽  
Max Loomes ◽  
Iain S. McGregor ◽  
Mathew S. Crowther
Keyword(s):  
Binary Data ◽  
Sampling Interval ◽  
Resource Scarcity ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Directional Change ◽  
Public Health Authorities ◽  
Bait Stations ◽  
Rodent Populations ◽  
The City

AbstractShortly after the enactment of restrictions aimed at limiting the spread of COVID-19, various local government and public health authorities around the world reported an increased sighting of rats. Such reports have yet to be empirically validated. Here we combined data from multi-catch rodent stations (providing data on rodent captures), rodent bait stations (providing data on rodent activity) and residents’ complaints to explore the effects of a six week lockdown period on rodent populations within the City of Sydney, Australia. The sampling interval encompassed October 2019 to July 2020 with lockdown defined as the interval from April 1st to May 15th, 2020. Rodent captures and activity (visits to bait stations) were stable prior to lockdown. Captures showed a rapid increase and then decline during the lockdown, while rodent visits to bait stations declined throughout this period. There were no changes in the frequency of complaints during lockdown relative to before and after lockdown. There was a non-directional change in the geographical distribution of indices of rodent abundance suggesting that rodents redistributed in response to resource scarcity. We hypothesize that lockdown measures initially resulted in increased rodent captures due to sudden shortage of human-derived food resources. Rodent visits to bait stations might not show this pattern due to the nature of the binary data collected, namely the presence or absence of a visit. Relocation of bait stations driven by pest management goals may also have affected the detection of any directional spatial effect. We conclude that the onset of COVID-19 may have disrupted commensal rodent populations, with possible implications for the future management of these ubiquitous urban indicator species.

scholarly journals On degrammaticalization: Controversial points and possible explanations

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlotta Viti
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Parts Of Speech ◽  
Closed Class ◽  
Semantic Component ◽  
Directional Change ◽  
Theoretical Conception

AbstractThis paper discusses the problem of degrammaticalization, that is, the exceptions to the unidirectionality of grammaticalization. After analyzing the criteria that allow us to distinguish between various instances of counter-directional change, two principles underlying degrammaticalization are identified; one is related to the type of language and the other to the type of target structures in which degrammaticalization occurs. Firstly, the targets of degrammaticalization are usually closed-class parts of speech with an abstract semantic component. Secondly, the languages in which counter-directional grammatical changes occur turn out to be deprived of an elaborate fusional morphology. These findings may also have an impact on the theoretical conception of grammaticalization, some of whose definitional properties are discussed. The paper ends with a discussion of a more controversial point, namely, counter-directional changes by folk etymology rather than by etymology proper.

scholarly journals Harnessing the Topography of 3D Spongy-Like Electrospun Bundled Fibrous Scaffold via a Sharply Inclined Array Collector

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sun Hee Cho ◽  
Jeong In Kim ◽  
Cheol Sang Kim ◽  
Chan Hee Park ◽  
In Gi Kim
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Living System ◽  
Pivotal Role ◽  
Skin Tissue ◽  
Target Tissue ◽  
Fibrous Scaffold ◽  
Electrospun Scaffolds ◽  
Directional Change

To date, many researchers have studied a considerable number of three-dimensional (3D) cotton-like electrospun scaffolds for tissue engineering, including the generation of bone, cartilage, and skin tissue. Although numerous 3D electrospun fibrous matrixes have been successfully developed, additional research is needed to produce 3D patterned and sophisticated structures. The development of 3D fibrous matrixes with patterned and sophisticated structures (FM-PSS) capable of mimicking the extracellular matrix (ECM) is important for advancing tissue engineering. Because modulating nano to microscale features of the 3D fibrous scaffold to control the ambient microenvironment of target tissue cells can play a pivotal role in inducing tissue morphogenesis after transplantation in a living system. To achieve this objective, the 3D FM-PSSs were successfully generated by the electrospinning using a directional change of the sharply inclined array collector. The 3D FM-PSSs overcome the current limitations of conventional electrospun cotton-type 3D matrixes of random fibers.

scholarly journals Active Stabilization of the Beam Pointing of a High- Power KrF Laser System

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Barna ◽  
I. B. Földes ◽  
J. Bohus ◽  
S. Szatmári
Keyword(s):  
High Power ◽  
Laser System ◽  
Spot Size ◽  
Electric Signal ◽  
Simple Arrangement ◽  
Krf Laser ◽  
Active Stabilization ◽  
Directional Change ◽  
Position Sensitive Detectors

Abstract An active beam-pointing stabilization system has been developed for a high-power KrF laser system to eliminate the long-term drift of the directional change of the beam in order to have a stable focusing to a high intensity. The control of the beam direction was achieved by a motor-driven mirror activated by an electric signal obtained by monitoring the position of the focus of the output beam. Instead of large sized UV-sensitive position sensitive detectors a simple arrangement with scatter plates and photodiodes are used to measure the directionality of the beam. After the beam stabilization the long-term residual deviation of the laser shots is ~14 μrad, which is comparable to the shot-to-shot variation of the beam (~12 μrad). This deviation is small enough to keep the focal spot size in a micrometer range when tightly focusing the beam using off-axis parabolic mirrors.

Punctuation

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Jane West-Eberhard
Keyword(s):  
Large Population ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
Biological Species ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Quantum Evolution ◽  
Stabilizing Selection ◽  
Intended Meaning ◽  
Rate Of Evolution ◽  
Directional Change ◽  
Punctuated Evolution

In punctuated evolution (Eldredge and Gould, 1972) periods of relatively little change (“stasis”) are punctuated by episodes of relatively rapid change in the rate of evolution of a quantitative morphological trait, as seen in the fossil record of morphology. According to Simpson (1984), the term quantum evolution, refers to the same thing. Like Eldredge and Gould, Simpson contrasted quantum evolution with phyletic change, or sustained directional evolution without branching; considered that it could be associated with speciation (though also with phyletic evolution; p. 206); and even mentioned interrupted equilibra “In phyletic evolution equilibrium of the organism-environment system is continuous, or nearly so, although the point of equilibrium may and usually does shift. In quantum evolution equilibrium is lost, and a new equilibrium is reached”. I use the term “punctuation” rather than “quantum” because it less ambiguously describes change in rate of evolution. In its original meaning (from the Latin quantus), quantum means quantity. But quantum change, as mentioned by Simpson, is identified with the “quanta” of physics, which are discrete units of energy. This could encourage mistaken identification of punctuated change with the origin of discrete novelties, not the intended meaning of punctuated evolution, which is periodically altered rate of change in a continuously variable, quantitative trait. Mayr, Eldredge, Gould, and others (e.g., Stanley, 1979, 1981) explain stasis and punctuation in terms of speciation. Speciational punctuation hypotheses see stasis as due to the characteristics of established biological species, such as gene flow within interbreeding populations, large population size, heterogeneity of the species environment that retards directional change, developmental integration, canalization, coadapted genomes, stabilizing selection, and frequently reversing evolution over time within established species (Eldredge and Gould, 1997). These factors have been summarized by the term “gene-pool cohesiveness” (Mayr, 1989) or “developmental coherences” (Gould, 1989b), though the causes of stasis under the speciational hypothesis are admittedly vague and debatable (for reviews of other possible causes of stasis, see Williamson, 1987; Coyne and Charlesworth, 1997; Van Valen, 1982a; Spicer, 1993).

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