scholarly journals The relationship between contrast detection and saccadic reaction times with attention.

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 332-332
Author(s):  
M. Mahadevan ◽  
H. Bedell ◽  
S. Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Times ◽  
Contrast Detection ◽  
Saccadic Reaction Times ◽  
The Relationship

The Relation Between Aerobic Fitness and Cognitive Performance

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 102-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun-Hao Wang ◽  
Chun-Ming Shih ◽  
Chia-Liang Tsai
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Aerobic Fitness ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Mediation Model ◽  
Brain Potentials ◽  
Fitness Level ◽  
Eeg Data ◽  
Attention Performance ◽  
P3 Amplitude ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. This study aimed to assess whether brain potentials have significant influences on the relationship between aerobic fitness and cognition. Behavioral and electroencephalographic (EEG) data was collected from 48 young adults when performing a Posner task. Higher aerobic fitness is related to faster reaction times (RTs) along with greater P3 amplitude and shorter P3 latency in the valid trials, after controlling for age and body mass index. Moreover, RTs were selectively related to P3 amplitude rather than P3 latency. Specifically, the bootstrap-based mediation model indicates that P3 amplitude mediates the relationship between fitness level and attention performance. Possible explanations regarding the relationships among aerobic fitness, cognitive performance, and brain potentials are discussed.

The Effect of Retest Practice on the Speed-Ability Relationship

2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sybille Rockstroh ◽  
Karl Schweizer
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Skill Acquisition ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Cognitive Tasks ◽  
General Intelligence ◽  
Attention Switching ◽  
Letter Comparison ◽  
Sternberg Paradigm ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Elementary Cognitive Tasks

Effects of four retest-practice sessions separated by 2 h intervals on the relationship between general intelligence and four reaction time tasks (two memory tests: Sternberg's memory scanning, Posner's letter comparison; and two attention tests: continuous attention, attention switching) were examined in a sample of 83 male participants. Reaction times on all tasks were shortened significantly. The effects were most pronounced with respect to the Posner paradigm and smallest with respect to the Sternberg paradigm. The relationship to general intelligence changed after practice for two reaction time tasks. It increased to significance for continuous attention and decreased for the Posner paradigm. These results indicate that the relationship between psychometric intelligence and elementary cognitive tasks depends on the ability of skill acquisition. In the search for the cognitive roots of intelligence the concept of learning seems to be of importance.

Event-related potentials and saccadic reaction times: effects of fixation point offset or change

1999 ◽  
Vol 127 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Spantekow ◽  
Paul Krappmann ◽  
Stefan Everling ◽  
Hans Flohr
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Times ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Saccadic Reaction Times

scholarly journals Giving Subjects the Eye and Showing Them the Finger: Socio-Biological Cues and Saccade Generation in the Anti-Saccade Task

Perception ◽  
10.1068/p7085 ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola J Gregory ◽  
Timothy L Hodgson
Keyword(s):  
Opposite Direction ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Oculomotor System ◽  
Short Soas ◽  
Stimulus Onset ◽  
Saccade Direction ◽  
Saccade Task ◽  
Saccadic Reaction Times ◽  
Saccadic Responses ◽  
Gaze Cues

Pointing with the eyes or the finger occurs frequently in social interaction to indicate direction of attention and one's intentions. Research with a voluntary saccade task (where saccade direction is instructed by the colour of a fixation point) suggested that gaze cues automatically activate the oculomotor system, but non-biological cues, like arrows, do not. However, other work has failed to support the claim that gaze cues are special. In the current research we introduced biological and non-biological cues into the anti-saccade task, using a range of stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs). The anti-saccade task recruits both top–down and bottom–up attentional mechanisms, as occurs in naturalistic saccadic behaviour. In experiment 1 gaze, but not arrows, facilitated saccadic reaction times (SRTs) in the opposite direction to the cues over all SOAs, whereas in experiment 2 directional word cues had no effect on saccades. In experiment 3 finger pointing cues caused reduced SRTs in the opposite direction to the cues at short SOAs. These findings suggest that biological cues automatically recruit the oculomotor system whereas non-biological cues do not. Furthermore, the anti-saccade task set appears to facilitate saccadic responses in the opposite direction to the cues.

scholarly journals Increment in the volcanic unrest and number of eruptions after the 2012 large earthquakes sequence in Central America

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gino González ◽  
Eisuke Fujita ◽  
Bunichiro Shibazaki ◽  
Takumi Hayashida ◽  
Giovanni Chiodini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central America ◽  
Seismic Waves ◽  
Dynamic Stress ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Large Magnitude ◽  
Tectonic Earthquakes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Large Earthquakes

AbstractUnderstanding the relationship cause/effect between tectonic earthquakes and volcanic eruptions is a striking topic in Earth Sciences. Volcanoes erupt with variable reaction times as a consequence of the impact of seismic waves (i.e. dynamic stress) and changes in the stress field (i.e. static stress). In 2012, three large (Mw ≥ 7.3) subduction earthquakes struck Central America within a period of 10 weeks; subsequently, some volcanoes in the region erupted a few days after, while others took months or even years to erupt. Here, we show that these three earthquakes contributed to the increase in the number of volcanic eruptions during the 7 years that followed these seismic events. We found that only those volcanoes that were already in a critical state of unrest eventually erupted, which indicates that the earthquakes only prompted the eruptions. Therefore, we recommend the permanent monitoring of active volcanoes to reveal which are more susceptible to culminate into eruption in the aftermath of the next large-magnitude earthquake hits a region.

scholarly journals Inhibitory and Facilitatory Cueing Effects: Competition between Exogenous and Endogenous Mechanisms

Vision ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfred Lim ◽  
Vivian Eng ◽  
Caitlyn Osborne ◽  
Steve M. J. Janssen ◽  
Jason Satel
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Inhibition ◽  
Inhibition Of Return ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Target Onset ◽  
Saccadic Reaction Times ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Endogenous Activity ◽  
Onset Asynchrony ◽  
Delayed Responses

Inhibition of return is characterized by delayed responses to previously attended locations when the cue-target onset asynchrony (CTOA) is long enough. However, when cues are predictive of a target’s location, faster reaction times to cued as compared to uncued targets are normally observed. In this series of experiments investigating saccadic reaction times, we manipulated the cue predictability to 25% (counterpredictive), 50% (nonpredictive), and 75% (predictive) to investigate the interaction between predictive endogenous facilitatory (FCEs) and inhibitory cueing effects (ICEs). Overall, larger ICEs were seen in the counterpredictive condition than in the nonpredictive condition, and no ICE was found in the predictive condition. Based on the hypothesized additivity of FCEs and ICEs, we reasoned that the null ICEs observed in the predictive condition are the result of two opposing mechanisms balancing each other out, and the large ICEs observed with counterpredictive cueing can be attributed to the combination of endogenous facilitation at uncued locations with inhibition at cued locations. Our findings suggest that the endogenous activity contributed by cue predictability can reduce the overall inhibition observed when the mechanisms occur at the same location, or enhance behavioral inhibition when the mechanisms occur at opposite locations.

Temporal stability of saccadic task performance in schizophrenia and bipolar patients

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 921-932 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. GOODING ◽  
L. MOHAPATRA ◽  
H. B. SHEA
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Temporal Stability ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Antisaccade Task ◽  
Response Latencies ◽  
Saccadic Reaction Times ◽  
Task Accuracy ◽  
Bipolar Patients

Background. Identifying endophenotypes of schizophrenia will assist in the identification of individuals who are at heightened risk for the disorder. Investigators have proposed antisaccade task deficits as an endophenotypic marker of schizophrenia. However, the diagnostic specificity and the temporal stability of the task deficit are unresolved issues. To date, there are few published reports of test–retest stability of antisaccade task performance in psychiatric patients.Method. Twenty-three schizophrenia out-patients and 10 bipolar out-patients were administered two saccadic (antisaccade and refixation) tasks at two separate assessments, with an average test–retest interval of 33 months.Results. The schizophrenia patients displayed high test–retest reliabilities of antisaccade task accuracy, despite changes in medication and clinical status. Additionally, the schizophrenia group's saccadic reaction times for antisaccade correct responses and task errors were moderately stable over time. In contrast, the bipolar patients did not show temporal stability in their antisaccade task accuracy or in their response latencies to either correct or incorrect antisaccade responses.Conclusions. The results are supportive of the trait-like characteristics of antisaccade task deficits in schizophrenia patients. These findings also suggest that antisaccade task deficits may serve as an endophenotypic marker of schizophrenia.

scholarly journals Explicit and Implicit Verbal Response Inhibition in Preschool-Age Children Who Stutter

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 836-852 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie D. Anderson ◽  
Stacy A. Wagovich
Keyword(s):  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Language Skills ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Verbal Response ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Preschool Age Children ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine (a) explicit and implicit verbal response inhibition in preschool children who do stutter (CWS) and do not stutter (CWNS) and (b) the relationship between response inhibition and language skills. Method Participants were 41 CWS and 41 CWNS between the ages of 3;1 and 6;1 (years;months). Explicit verbal response inhibition was measured using a computerized version of the grass–snow task (Carlson & Moses, 2001), and implicit verbal response inhibition was measured using the baa–meow task. Main dependent variables were reaction time and accuracy. Results The CWS were significantly less accurate than the CWNS on the implicit task, but not the explicit task. The CWS also exhibited slower reaction times than the CWNS on both tasks. Between-group differences in performance could not be attributed to working memory demands. Overall, children's performance on the inhibition tasks corresponded with parents' perceptions of their children's inhibition skills in daily life. Conclusions CWS are less effective and efficient than CWNS in suppressing a dominant response while executing a conflicting response in the verbal domain.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document