scholarly journals Heterogeneity in cognitive maturation and aging: Why there is no such thing as an adult control

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 285-285
Author(s):  
L. Germine ◽  
J. Hartshorne ◽  
J. Wilmer ◽  
C. Chabris ◽  
G. Chatterjee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adult Control ◽  
Cognitive Maturation

Oxygen Consumption in Platelets of Newborn Infants before and after Stimulation by Thrombin.

1976 ◽  
Vol 35 (03) ◽  
pp. 712-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Del Principe ◽  
G Mancuso ◽  
A Menichelli ◽  
G Maretto ◽  
G Sabetta
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Newborn Infant ◽  
Umbilical Cord Blood ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
O2 Consumption ◽  
Adult Control ◽  
Healthy Newborn ◽  
Before And After

SummaryThe authors compared the oxygen consumption in platelets from the umbilical cord blood of 36 healthy newborn infants with that of 27 adult subjects, before and after thrombin addition (1.67 U/ml). Oxygen consumption at rest was 6 mμmol/109/min in adult control platelets and 5.26 in newborn infants. The burst in oxygen consumption after thrombin addition was 26.30 mμmol/109/min in adults and 24.90 in infants. Dinitrophenol did not inhibit the burst of O2 consumption in platelets in 8 out of 10 newborn infants, while the same concentration caused a decrease in 9 out of 10 adult subjects. Deoxyglucose inhibited the burst in O2 consumption in newborn infant and adult platelets by about 50%. KCN at the concentration of 10−4 M completely inhibited basal oxygen consumption but did not completely inhibit the burst after thrombin. At the concentration of 10−3 M, it inhibited both basal O2 consumption and the burst in infants and adult subjects.

Decreased Mononuclear and Polymorphonuclear Chemotaxis in Human Newborns,Infants, and Young Children

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 467-472
Author(s):  
Robert B. Klein ◽  
Thomas J. Fischer ◽  
Sherrie E. Gard ◽  
Michael Biberstein ◽  
Kenneth C. Rich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Infant ◽  
Skin Tests ◽  
Boyden Chamber ◽  
High Power Field ◽  
Inflammatory Reactions ◽  
Adult Control ◽  
Susceptibility To Infection ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Monocyte Chemotaxis ◽  
Hypersensitivity Skin

A new method, chemotaxis under agarose gel, was used to assess the directed motility of polymorphonuclear (PMN) and mononuclear (MN) phagocytes of 21 newborns, 71 infants and children, and 50 adults. This assay requires only small quantities of cells and is rapid, easy, reproducible, and provides a permanent record. The chemotactic substance was zymosan-activated human serum. Monocyte chemotaxis in the newborn was approximately 50% of adult control values, using the Boyden chamber (8.1 ± 2 cells per high-power field[HPF] [SE] in newborns compared to 17 ± 3 cells per HPF in adults), and 25% of adult control values, using the agarose method (50 ± 10 cells in newborns compared to 216 ± 15 cells in adults). Both are significant differences (P < .005). MN chemotaxis remains extremely low through age 5, and remains moderately reduced until age 10. PMN chemotaxis in the newborn was 82 ± 21 cells compared to adult controls of 300± 42 cells, also a significant difference (P < .05). PMN chemotaxis remains markedly depressed through age 2. Thereafter, PMN chemotaxis increases but remains significantly less than in adults until age 16. These chemotactic defects may play an important role in depressed delayed hypersensitivity skin tests, diminished inflammatory reactions, and increased susceptibility to infection present in the newborn and young infant.

Effect of culture conditions on microRNA expression in primary adult control and COPD lung fibroblasts in vitro

2015 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 390-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Ikari ◽  
Lynette M. Smith ◽  
Amy J. Nelson ◽  
Shunichiro Iwasawa ◽  
Yoko Gunji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Microrna Expression ◽  
Lung Fibroblasts ◽  
Adult Control

scholarly journals Adult Control of Black Turf Ataenius with Chlorpyrifos, 1993

1994 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 314-314
Author(s):  
Stanley R. Swier
Keyword(s):  
Adult Control

scholarly journals Efficacy of Beauveria Bassiana Fungus for Boxelder Bug Adult Control, 1996

1997 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 418-419
Author(s):  
James A. Reinert ◽  
Steven J. Maranz ◽  
T. A. Knauf
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
The United States ◽  
Wetting Agent ◽  
High Humidity ◽  
Adult Control ◽  
Filter Papers ◽  
Water Saturated ◽  
Good Coverage

Abstract Boxelder bug is an annual house-hold nuisance pest which leaves its host plant in late fall to seek overwintering sites in and around buildings. It is a pest from coast to coast in the United States and southern Canada. Adults for the study were collected from a heavy seeding big-toothed maple in the landscape at Texas A&M Univ. Res. & Ext. Ctr., Dallas, TX. A maple leaf and 3 seeds as food were dipped in the appropriate dilutions of BioCide-TRFTm (Mycotrol GH-ES) Beauveria bassiana (2.0 X 1013 conidia/qt), and placed on two water saturated filter papers (for high humidity) in each feeding chamber in the lab. Five randomly selected adults were introduced into each 9 cm diam X 15 mm deep plastic feeding chambers labeled for respective treatments in a RCB design with 6 replica-tions. Silwet (0.04%) was added to each treatment as a wetting agent to ensure good coverage. The bugs exposed to different treatments were observed daily for mortality; all dead insects were held for several days to confirm the fungus activity indicated by an expression of mycelia from the joints of dead insects.

How German children use intonation to signal information status in narrative discourse

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 1015-1061 ◽  
Author(s):  
LAURA E. DE RUITER
Keyword(s):  
Narrative Discourse ◽  
Pitch Accent ◽  
Natural Speech ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Adult Control ◽  
Target Model ◽  
Information Status ◽  
Speech Data ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
German Children

ABSTRACTRecent research on adult German suggests that speakers use particular pitch accent types to signal the information status of discourse referents. This study investigates to what extent German five- and seven-year-olds have acquired this mapping. Semi-natural speech data was obtained from a picture-elicited narration task in which the information status was systematically varied. Surprisingly, data from an adult control group were inconsistent with the claim of a clear status-accent mapping, and demonstrated that adult scripted speech cannot be taken as a target model. However, compared with adults' unscripted speech productions, children were indeed adult-like in their information status marking. Both child groups accented new referents, but tended to deaccent given referents. Accessible referents (whose first mentions were less recent) were mostly realized like new referents. Differences between adults and children emerged in the use of intonation to structure narrations, suggesting that some functions of intonation may be acquired only later.

EVALUACION DE LA DINAMICA POBLACIONAL DE RHYNCHOPHORUS PALMARUM EN PALMA AFRICANA CON CUATRO TIPOS DE ATRAYENTES AZANZA MARTINEZ DERIAN ANDRES

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 59-76
Author(s):  
Alfredo Lesvel Castro Landin ◽  
William Merchán García ◽  
Alfredo Valverde Lucio ◽  
Carlos Castro Piguave ◽  
Washington Narvaez Campana
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Research Evaluation ◽  
Pheromone Traps ◽  
Adult Control ◽  
La Palma ◽  
Palm Weevil ◽  
Rhynchophorus Palmarum ◽  
Adult Insect ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design

La investigación evaluación de la dinámica poblacional del picudo de la palma (Rhynchophorus palmarum) en palma africana con cuatro tipos de atrayentes, tuvo como objetivos determinar la dinámica poblacional del picudo de la palma africana y evaluar el uso de cuatro tipos de atrayentes para el control de adultos del picudo. La metodología permitió utilizar un diseño experimental completamente aleatorizado y la variable evaluada fue  número de insectos adultos capturados por trampa cada siete días. Los resultados permiten concluir que la dinámica poblacional del picudo en palma africana indica que la mayor captura se obtuvo el 6 de julio con 383 capturas de insectos adultos y con tendencia a la baja hasta la evaluación cinco que fue efectuada el 3 de agosto donde se capturaron 239 insectos adultos; pero posteriormente en la siguiente evaluación se obtuvo un incremento de captura de insectos, lo que indica que es muy variada la fluctuación poblacional del picudo; además que el uso de cuatro tipos de atrayentes para el control de adultos del picudo, indica que la mayor captura en las siete evaluaciones efectuadas se presentó donde se utilizó las trampas con feromonas y ubicadas cada 300 metros de distancia con capturas ubicadas por trampa entre 18,00 y 28,75 insectos adultos capturadas cada 7 días.Palabras claves: etología, trampas, monitoreo, capturaSUMMARYThe research evaluation of the population dynamics of the palm weevil (Rhynchophorus palmarum) in African palm with three types of attractants, had as objectives to determine the population dynamics of the palm weevil and to evaluate the use of three types of attractants for the control of weevil adults. The methodology allowed us to use a completely randomized experimental design and the variable evaluated was the number of adult insects captured pro trap every seven days. The results allow us to conclude that the population dynamics of the palm weevil in African palm indicates that the highest catch was obtained on July 6 with 383 adult insect captures and with a downward trend until the five evaluation that was made on August 3 where they were captured. 239 adult insects; but later in the following evaluation an increase of insect capture was obtained, which indicates that the population fluctuation of the weevil is very varied; In addition, the use of three types of attractants for adult control of the weevil indicates that the largest catch in the seven evaluations carried out was where pheromone traps were used and located every 300 meters away with catches located by trap between 18,00 and 28.75 adult insects captured every 7 days.Keywords: ethology, traps, monitoring, capture

Interferon-Gamma (IFN-γ) Secretion Defect in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) from Severe Hemophilia A (HA) Patients Prior to Therapeutic Exposure To Factor VIII (FVIII) Concentrates.

Blood ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 3093-3093
Author(s):  
Joan Cox Gill ◽  
Karen Stephany ◽  
Craig Helsell
Keyword(s):  
Factor Viii ◽  
Hemophilia A ◽  
Membrane Lipids ◽  
Coagulation Factor ◽  
Cytokine Secretion ◽  
Foreign Protein ◽  
Subject Group ◽  
Severe Hemophilia ◽  
Adult Control ◽  
Ifn Γ

Abstract The recent availability of highly purified recombinant coagulation factor concentrates to treat hemorrhages in hemophilic patients is thought to circumvent perturbations in immune function by preventing chronic intravenous exposure to multiple foreign protein antigens. We previously reported a PHA-induced IFN-γ secretion defect in severe hemophilia A patients who had been exposed exclusively to highly purified coagulation factor VIII concentrates. We now report the results of cytokine secretion in response to PHA in cultured PBMCs from severe hemophilia A patients never exposed to FVIII concentrates. PBMCs were isolated from whole blood from three severe HA patients, 3 age-matched normal boys, 3 boys with severe hemophilia B and an adult control. Cells were stained with PKH26 (Sigma), a fluorescent dye with aliphatic tails that intercalate into membrane lipids; cells were than washed and cultured in complete media in wells of microtiter plates with and without PHA. Cells were harvested at 5 days and proliferation detected by loss of membrane PKH26 staining detected by flow cytometry. Cytokines secreted into the supernatants of 48 hour and 5 day cultures were measured by ELISA assays (BD Pharmingen). PBMCs from severe HA patients proliferated normally in response to PHA but failed to secrete IFN-γ when compared to normal boys and boys with severe HB: PBMC Proliferation and Secretion of IFN-γ in Response to PHA Subject Group HA HB Normal Boys Adult Control PHA Proliferation (% unstained cells) M± 1SD 79.3 ±3.7 78.2±13.3 95.4±1.5 89.3±5.3 INF-γ Secretion (pg/mL) M± 1 SD 6.7±4.7 429.0±464 69.1±32.4 770.1±148.7 The severe HA patients did not have improvement in INF-γ secretion following therapeutic exposure to FVIII concentrates. Addition of physiologic concentrations of FVIII or FIX to cultures with or without PHA did not alter the results of proliferation or cytokine secretion regardless of the inhibitor history of the patients. (1 HA and 1 HB patient developed high responder inhibitors.) Secretion of IL-4, IL-5 and IL-10 were moderately decreased in some HA patients as well. In summary, we have confirmed an INF-γ secretion defect in PBMCs from patients with HA in spite of normal proliferation in response to PHA. The defect is not present in HB or normal age-matched control subjects and is not corrected by addition of FVIII to cultures. We conclude that the defect is not due to exposure to intravenous foreign antigens. The precise clinical significance and any possible relation to the higher risk of inhibitor development in HA will require further investigation. PBMC Proliferation and Secretion of IFN-γ in Response to PHA Subject Group HA HB Normal Boys Adult Control PHA Proliferation (% unstained cells) M± 1SD 79.3 ±3.7 78.2±13.3 95.4±1.5 89.3±5.3 INF-γ Secretion (pg/mL) M± 1 SD 6.7±4.7 429.0±464 69.1±32.4 770.1±148.7

The State of Play in Schools

1998 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Blatchford
Keyword(s):  
Social Competence ◽  
Social Development ◽  
Peer Relations ◽  
The State ◽  
Peer Culture ◽  
Safe Environment ◽  
Adult Control ◽  
Negative View ◽  
Important Challenge ◽  
The University

This paper concentrates on children's play during school breaktimes. Though neglected by researchers, it is one of the few occasions when children can play and interact in a relatively safe environment, free of adult control. The paper reports on a recent programme of research at the University of London Institute of Education. There are signs that the prevalence of a negative view about breaktime in schools is leading to more deliberate management and supervision of breaktimes, and a reduction in duration. Breaktime can be a time when aggression, teasing, and bullying take place, but this paper also reviews positive aspects of peer relations and games at breaktime, including opportunities for friendship development, social competence, and peer culture. An important challenge facing schools is achieving a balance between control over pupil behaviour, while facilitating pupil independence and social development.

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