scholarly journals The role of lateral inhibition in binocular motion rivalry

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 12-12
Author(s):  
A. Platonov ◽  
J. Goossens
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Inhibition ◽  
Binocular Motion

The role of early retinal lateral inhibition: More than maximizing luminance information

2000 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROSARIO M. BALBOA ◽  
NORBERTO M. GRZYWACZ
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Inhibition ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Plexiform Layer ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Natural Images ◽  
Photon Absorption ◽  
Biological Behavior

Lateral inhibition is one of the first and most important stages of visual processing. There are at least four theories related to information theory in the literature for the role of early retinal lateral inhibition. They are based on the spatial redundancy in natural images and the advantage of removing this redundancy from the visual code. Here, we contrast these theories with data from the retina's outer plexiform layer. The horizontal cells' lateral-inhibition extent displays a bell-shape behavior as function of background luminance, whereas all the theories show a fall as luminance increases. It is remarkable that different theories predict the same luminance behavior, explaining “half” of the biological data. We argue that the main reason is how these theories deal with photon-absorption noise. At dim light levels, for which this noise is relatively large, large receptive fields would increase the signal-to-noise ratio through averaging. Unfortunately, such an increase at low luminance levels may smooth out basic visual information of natural images. To explain the biological behavior, we describe an alternate hypothesis, which proposes that the role of early visual lateral inhibition is to deal with noise without missing relevant clues from the visual world, most prominently, the occlusion boundaries between objects.

scholarly journals Dendritic integration in olfactory bulb granule cells: Thresholds for lateral inhibition and role of active conductances upon simultaneous activation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max Müller ◽  
Veronica Egger
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Lateral Inhibition ◽  
Granule Cells ◽  
Brain Slices ◽  
Dendritic Integration ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Channel Inactivation ◽  
Cell Recording ◽  
Simultaneous Activation

AbstractThe inhibitory axonless olfactory bulb granule cells (GCs) form reciprocal dendrodendritic synapses with mitral and tufted cells via large spines, mediating recurrent and lateral inhibition. Rat GC dendrites are excitable by local Na+ spine spikes and global Ca2+- and Na+-spikes. To investigate the transition from local to global signaling without Na+ channel inactivation we performed simultaneous holographic two-photon uncaging in acute brain slices, along with whole-cell recording and dendritic Ca2+ imaging. Less than 10 coactive reciprocal spines were sufficient to generate diverse regional and global signals that also included local dendritic Ca2+- and Na+-spikes (D-spikes). Individual spines could sense the respective signal transitions as increments in Ca2+ entry. Dendritic integration was mostly linear until a few spines below global Na+-spike threshold, where often D-spikes set in. NMDARs strongly contributed to active integration, whereas morphological parameters barely mattered. In summary, thresholds for GC-mediated bulbar lateral inhibition are low.

Notch regulates wingless expression and is not required for reception of the paracrine wingless signal during wing margin neurogenesis in Drosophila

Development ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 121 (9) ◽  
pp. 2813-2824 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.J. Rulifson ◽  
S.S. Blair
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Inhibition ◽  
Sensory Cells ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Wing Margin ◽  
Signal Loss ◽  
Subsequent Formation ◽  
Notch Protein ◽  
Sensory Bristles ◽  
Narrow Stripe

In the developing wing margin of Drosophila, wingless is normally expressed in a narrow stripe of cells adjacent to the proneural cells that form the sensory bristles of the margin. Previous work has shown that this wingless is required for the expression of the proneural achaete-scute complex genes and the subsequent formation of the sensory bristles along the margin; recently, it has been proposed that the proneural cells require the Notch protein to properly receive the wingless signal. We have used clonal analysis of a null allele of Notch to test this idea directly. We found that Notch was not required by prospective proneural margin cells for the expression of scute or the formation of sensory precursors, indicating Notch is not required for the reception of wingless signal. Loss of Notch from proneural cells produced cell-autonomous neurogenic phenotypes and precocious differentiation of sensory cells, as would be expected if Notch had a role in lateral inhibition within the proneural regions. However, loss of scute expression and of sensory precursors was observed if clones substantially included the normal region of wingless expression. These ‘anti-proneural’ phenotypes were associated with the loss of wingless expression; this loss may be partially or wholly responsible for the anti-proneural phenotype. Curiously, Notch- clones limited to the dorsal or ventral compartments could disrupt wingless expression and proneural development in the adjacent compartment. Analysis using the temperature-sensitive Notch allele indicated that the role of Notch in the regulation of wingless expression precedes the requirement for lateral inhibition in proneural cells. Furthermore, overexpression of wingless with a heat shock-wingless construct rescued the loss of sensory precursors associated with the early loss of Notch.

Is the Olfactory Bulb Computationally Similar to the Retina?

2009 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ambarish S. Ghatpande
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Lateral Inhibition ◽  
Olfactory System ◽  
New Model ◽  
Inhibition Model ◽  
Functional Units ◽  
Physiological Research

The computational role of the olfactory bulb remains a mystery after 60 yr of physiological research. Recently, Fantana and colleagues proposed a new model of bulb function based on sparse inhibitory connections between glomeruli, the functional units of the bulb, rather than the existing lateral inhibition model. I present a summary of their model here and its implications along with comparison to recent work in the very similar Drosophila olfactory system.

scholarly journals Role of Lateral Inhibition on Visual Number Sense

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiwei Zhou ◽  
Huanwen Chen ◽  
Yijun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Inhibition ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Number Sense ◽  
Total Response ◽  
Network Connection ◽  
Distance Effects ◽  
Input Layer ◽  
Animal Number ◽  
Visual Number

Lateral inhibition is a basic principle of information processing and widely exists in the human and animal nervous systems. Lateral inhibition is also involved in processing visual information because it travels through the retina, primary visual cortex, and visual nervous system. This finding suggests that lateral inhibition is associated with visual number sense in humans and animals. Here, we show a number-sensing neural network model based on lateral inhibition. The model can reproduce the size and distance effects of the output response of human and animal number-sensing neurons when the network connection weights are set randomly without adjustment. The number sense of the model disappears when lateral inhibition is removed. Our study shows that the first effect of lateral inhibition is to strengthen the linear correlation between the total response intensity of the input layer and the number of objects. The second one is to allow the output cells to prefer different numbers. Results indicate that lateral inhibition plays an indispensable role in untrained spontaneous number sense.

scholarly journals All-Optical Electrophysiology Reveals the Role of Lateral Inhibition in Sensory Processing in Cortical Layer 1

Cell ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 180 (3) ◽  
pp. 521-535.e18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linlin Z. Fan ◽  
Simon Kheifets ◽  
Urs L. Böhm ◽  
Hao Wu ◽  
Kiryl D. Piatkevich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Processing ◽  
Lateral Inhibition ◽  
Cortical Layer ◽  
All Optical

scholarly journals Robustness, Flexibility, and the Role of Lateral Inhibition in the Neurogenic Network

2002 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 778-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eli Meir ◽  
George von Dassow ◽  
Edwin Munro ◽  
Garrett M. Odell
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Inhibition
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