scholarly journals Pupil dilation evoked by a salient auditory stimulus facilitates saccade reaction times to a visual stimulus.

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1254-1254
Author(s):  
C.-A. Wang ◽  
S. Boehnke ◽  
D. Munoz
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Stimulus ◽  
Visual Stimulus ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Pupil Dilation

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of reactions to visual and auditory stimuli in research on EEG evoked potentials

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 172-177
Author(s):  
Łukasz Tyburcy ◽  
Małgorzata Plechawska-Wójcik
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Evoked Potentials ◽  
Auditory Stimulus ◽  
Visual Stimulus ◽  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Auditory Stimuli

The paper describes results of comparison of reactions times to visual and auditory stimuli using EEG evoked potentials. Two experiments were used to applied. The first one explored reaction times to visual stimulus and the second one to auditory stimulus. After conducting an analysis of data, received results enable determining that visual stimuli evoke faster reactions than auditory stimuli.

Effect of Marihuana on the Psychological Refractory Period

1974 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 959-962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert Moskowitz ◽  
Richard Shea ◽  
Marcelline Burns
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Stimulus ◽  
Visual Stimulus ◽  
Refractory Period ◽  
Psychological Refractory Period ◽  
Reaction Times

Reaction times to an auditory stimulus (RT1) and a subsequent visual stimulus (RT2) were measured for 12 Ss under three levels of smoked marihuana. Marihuana impaired responses; effect was larger on RT2 than on RT1. However, delays of RT2 are longer than would be predicted in terms of the psychological refractory period.

Reliability of an Attention-Assessing Technique

1984 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 212-214
Author(s):  
H. W. Craver
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Stimulus ◽  
Visual Stimulus ◽  
Experimental Situation ◽  
Auditory Stimuli ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Monitoring Techniques ◽  
Self Reports

The reliability of an attention-focusing technique was assessed for 12 subjects over 4 sessions. Subjects' thought intrusions were counted while they were focusing on either visual or auditory stimuli. Digital temperatures were recorded and an experimental-situation questionnaire was administered. This technique provides extremely reliable self-reports across the sessions. The total number of intrusions was higher for the auditory stimulus than for the visual stimulus. The study's relevance to assessing self-monitoring techniques such as meditation is discussed.

Effect of Degree of Separation of Visual-Auditory Stimulus and Eye Position upon Spatial Interaction of Vision and Audition

1976 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 487-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert I. Bermant ◽  
Robert B. Welch
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Stimulus ◽  
Visual Stimulus ◽  
Visual Stimulation ◽  
Spatial Interaction ◽  
Auditory Localization ◽  
Eye Position ◽  
Degree Of Separation ◽  
Straight Ahead ◽  
Over Time

Subjects were exposed to a visual and to an auditory stimulus that differed spatially in laterality of origin. The subjects were observed for visual biasing of auditory localization (the momentary influence of a light on the spatially perceived location of a simultaneously presented sound) and for auditory aftereffect (a change in perceived location of a sound that persists over time and is measured after termination of the visual stimulus). A significant effect of visual stimulation on auditory localization was found only with the measure of bias. Bias was tested as a function of degree of visual-auditory separation (10/20/30°), eye position (straight-ahead/visual stimulus fixation), and position of visual stimulus relative to auditory stimulus (left/right). Only eye position proved statistically significant; straight-ahead eye position induced more bias than did fixation of the visual stimulus.

Summation: Further Assessment of a Configural Theory

2002 ◽  
Vol 55 (1b) ◽  
pp. 61-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Pearce ◽  
David N. George ◽  
Aydan Aydin
Keyword(s):  
Pavlovian Conditioning ◽  
Auditory Stimulus ◽  
Visual Stimulus ◽  
Auditory Stimuli ◽  
Configural Theory

Rats received Pavlovian conditioning in which food was signalled by a visual stimulus, A+, an auditory stimulus, B+, and a compound composed of different visual and auditory stimuli, CD+. Test trials were then given with the compound AB. Experiments 1 and 2A revealed stronger responding during AB than during CD. In Experiment 2B, there was no evidence of a summation of responding during AB when A+ B+ training was conducted in the absence of CD+ trials. A further failure to observe abnormally strong responding during ABwas found in Experiment 3 for which the training trials with A+ B+ CD+ were accompanied by trials in which C and D were separately paired with food. The results are explained in terms of a configural theory of conditioning, which assumes that responding during a compound is determined by generalization from its components, as well as from other compounds to which it is similar.

Anticipation and Stuttering: A Pupillographic Study

1969 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 833-839 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth C. Gray ◽  
Dean E. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Stimulus ◽  
Pupil Size ◽  
Free Association ◽  
Pupil Dilation ◽  
Auditory Stimuli ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Single Word ◽  
Pupil Response ◽  
Association Response ◽  
Pupil Reaction

Changes in pupil size were studied in 24 stuttering and 30 nonstuttering adults during a 4-sec period following the presentation of single-word auditory stimuli and before a signal to respond. Subjects were required first to respond with a single word which was the opposite of the word presented and later to give a one-word free-association response to words of both emotional and neutral connotations. Pupil size was measured also while subjects merely listened to the word stimuli. The process of attending to an auditory stimulus was associated with pupil dilation. Pupil response was significantly greater (in absolute diameter and in dilation) when subjects were required to give an oral response to the stimulus than when they simply listened to the stimulus. Furthermore, the extent of the pupil reaction was related to the nature of the stimulus presented. Such differences in arousal did not occur to any greater degree in stutterers than in nonstutterers. Moreover, among stutterers, measures of pupil size were not predictive of stuttering. Thus, the cues which the stutterer associates with the anticipation of stuttering do not appear to be reflected in the physiological changes associated with pupillary movement.

Cortex Controls Multisensory Depression in Superior Colliculus

2003 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 2123-2135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wan Jiang ◽  
Barry E. Stein
Keyword(s):  
Receptive Field ◽  
Superior Colliculus ◽  
Multisensory Integration ◽  
Auditory Stimulus ◽  
Visual Stimulus ◽  
Sensory Stimulus ◽  
Visual Orientation ◽  
Orientation Behavior ◽  
Cortical Areas

Multisensory depression is a fundamental index of multisensory integration in superior colliculus (SC) neurons. It is initiated when one sensory stimulus (auditory) located outside its modality-specific receptive field degrades or eliminates the neuron's responses to another sensory stimulus (visual) presented within its modality-specific receptive field. The present experiments demonstrate that the capacity of SC neurons to engage in multisensory depression is strongly dependent on influences from two cortical areas (the anterior ectosylvian and rostral lateral suprasylvian sulci). When these cortices are deactivated, the ability of SC neurons to synthesize visual-auditory inputs in this way is compromised; multisensory responses are disinhibited, becoming more vigorous and in some cases indistinguishable from responses to the visual stimulus alone. Although obtaining a more robust multisensory SC response when cortex is nonfunctional than when it is functional may seem paradoxical, these data may help explain previous observations that the loss of these cortical influences permits visual orientation behavior in the presence of a normally disruptive auditory stimulus.

Reaction times of manual responses to a visual stimulus at the goal of a planned memory-guided saccade in the monkey

2006 ◽  
Vol 173 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Suresh Krishna ◽  
Sara C. Steenrod ◽  
James W. Bisley ◽  
Yevgeniy B. Sirotin ◽  
Michael E. Goldberg
Keyword(s):  
Visual Stimulus ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Manual Responses

Saccade Reaction Times Are Influenced by Caudate Microstimulation Following and Prior to Visual Stimulus Appearance

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 1794-1807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masayuki Watanabe ◽  
Douglas P. Munoz
Keyword(s):  
Superior Colliculus ◽  
Visual Stimulus ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Electrical Microstimulation ◽  
Task Instructions ◽  
Linear Approach ◽  
Model Predictions ◽  
Saccade Control ◽  
Sensory Evidence ◽  
Task Conditions

Several cognitive models suggest that saccade RTs are controlled flexibly not only by mechanisms that accumulate sensory evidence after the appearance of a sensory stimulus (poststimulus mechanisms) but also by mechanisms that preset the saccade control system before the sensory event (prestimulus mechanisms). Consistent with model predictions, neurons in structures tightly related to saccade initiation, such as the superior colliculus and FEF, have poststimulus and prestimulus activities correlated with RTs. It has been hypothesized that the BG influence the saccade initiation process by controlling both poststimulus and prestimulus activities of superior colliculus and FEF neurons. To examine this hypothesis directly, we delivered electrical microstimulation to the caudate nucleus, the input stage of the oculomotor BG, while monkeys performed a prosaccade (look toward a visual stimulus) and antisaccade (look away from the stimulus) paradigm. Microstimulation applied after stimulus appearance (poststimulus microstimulation) prolonged RTs regardless of saccade directions (contra/ipsi) or task instructions (pro/anti). In contrast, microstimulation applied before stimulus appearance (prestimulus microstimulation) shortened RTs, although the effects were limited to several task conditions. The analysis of RT distributions using the linear approach to threshold with ergodic rate model revealed that poststimulus microstimulation prolonged RTs by reducing the rate of rise to the threshold for saccade initiation, whereas fitting results for prestimulus microstimulation were inconsistent across different task conditions. We conclude that both poststimulus and prestimulus activities of caudate neurons are sufficient to control saccade RTs.

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