scholarly journals Do spatial attention and long-term memory systems overlap? Dorsal and ventral attention network engagement during memory retrieval processes

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 180-180
Author(s):  
S. McMains ◽  
S. Kastner
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Attention ◽  
Memory Retrieval ◽  
Memory Systems ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Attention Network ◽  
Retrieval Processes

Depressive symptomatology and learning: Does intermediate testing or restudying the information determine long-term memory retrieval of novel symbols?

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S412-S412
Author(s):  
V. Giannouli
Keyword(s):  
Retention Interval ◽  
Music Education ◽  
Memory Retrieval ◽  
Testing Effect ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Music Notation ◽  
Testing Time ◽  
Term Memory

IntroductionThere is a hypothesis in cognitive psychology that long-term memory retrieval is improved by intermediate testing than by restudying the information. The effect of testing has been investigated with the use of a variety of stimuli. However, almost all testing effect studies to date have used purely verbal materials such as word pairs, facts and prose passages.ObjectiveHere byzantine music symbol–word pairs were used as to-be-learned materials to demonstrate the generalisability of the testing effect to symbol learning in participants with and without depressive symptoms.MethodFifty healthy (24 women, M age = 26.20, SD = 5.64) and forty volunteers with high depressive symptomatology (20 women, M age = 27.00, SD = 1.04) were examined. The participants did not have a music education. The examination material was completely new for them: 16 byzantine music notation stimuli, paired with a verbal label (the ancient Greek name of the symbol). Half of the participants underwent intermediate testing and the others restudied the information in a balanced design.ResultsResults indicated that there were no statistically significant differences in final memory test performance after a retention interval of 5 minutes for both groups of participants with low and high level depressive symptomatology (P > 0.005). After a retention interval of a week, tested pairs were retained better than repeatedly studied pairs for high and low depressive symptomatology groups (P < 0.005).ConclusionsThis research suggests that the effect of testing time on later memory retrieval can also be obtained in byzantine symbol learning.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Dissociative Disorders and Their Clinical Management Part One: Dissociative Amnesia (Including Its Variant Dissociative Fugue)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelica Staniloiu ◽  
Hans Markowitsch
Keyword(s):  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Memory Systems ◽  
Dissociative Disorders ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Symptom Validity Tests ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dissociative Amnesia ◽  
Validity Tests

Dissociative disorders are heterogeneous with respect to clinical features, course, antecedents and treatment. Among them, dissociative amnesia occupies a special place, at times encroaching on the borders between neurology and psychiatry. Herein we describe dissociative amnesia according to the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders and outline data on its epidemiology, neurobiology, neuroimaging, clinical and differential diagnosis, neuropsychology, comorbidities, prognosis, treatment and rehabilitation. To enable a neuroscientific approach to its diagnosis, we outline the memory division into short-term and long-term memory, elaborating on the content-based classification of the long-term memory systems. Dissociative amnesia most commonly manifests itself in its retrograde variants (including dissociative fugue), but anterograde variants can also occur. Dissociative amnesia may be overlooked when it occurs on a background of mixed antecedents and comorbidities. Comprehensive neuropsychological assessment – including tests tapping on all memory systems and symptom validity tests – is still insufficiently integrated in the clinical practice, although it could aid in securing an accurate diagnosis, especially in cases with mixed antecedents or concomitant forensic or litigation backgrounds. Presently there is a paucity of treatment and rehabilitation methods for dissociative amnesia. Developing research evidence-based consensus guidelines for diagnosis and treatment is an essential goal. This review contains 6 figures, 7 tables, and 60 references. Key Words : consciousness, episodic-autobiographical memory, mnestic block syndrome, neuroimaging, serial-parallel-independent model, personal identity, stressful life events, malingering, trauma, feigning

scholarly journals Hemispheric Asymmetries in Electroencephalogram Oscillations for Long-Term Memory Retrieval in Healthy Individuals

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 937
Author(s):  
Soyiba Jawed ◽  
Hafeez Ullah Amin ◽  
Aamir Saeed Malik ◽  
Ibrahima Faye
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Memory Retrieval ◽  
Frontal Region ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Delta Band ◽  
The Right

The hemispherical encoding retrieval asymmetry (HERA) model, established in 1991, suggests that the involvement of the right prefrontal cortex (PFC) in the encoding process is less than that of the left PFC. The HERA model was previously validated for episodic memory in subjects with brain traumas or injuries. In this study, a revised HERA model is used to investigate long-term memory retrieval from newly learned video-based content for healthy individuals using electroencephalography. The model was tested for long-term memory retrieval in two retrieval sessions: (1) recent long-term memory (recorded 30 min after learning) and (2) remote long-term memory (recorded two months after learning). The results show that long-term memory retrieval in healthy individuals for the frontal region (theta and delta band) satisfies the revised HERA asymmetry model.

Unwanted Memory Intrusions Recruit Broad Motor Suppression

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-128
Author(s):  
Anna Castiglione ◽  
Adam R. Aron
Keyword(s):  
Memory Retrieval ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Motor Evoked Potentials ◽  
Motor Evoked Potential ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Unexpected Result ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Rapid Action

Quickly preventing the retrieval of (inappropriate) long-term memories might recruit a similar control mechanism as rapid action-stopping. A very specific characteristic of rapid action-stopping is “global motor suppression”: When a single response is rapidly stopped, there is a broad skeletomotor suppression. This is shown by the technique of TMS placed over a task-irrelevant part of the primary motor cortex (M1) to measure motor-evoked potentials. Here, we used this same TMS method to test if rapidly preventing long-term memory retrieval also shows this broad skeletomotor suppression effect. Twenty human participants underwent a Think/No-Think task. In the first phase, they learned word pairs. In the second phase, they received the left-hand word as a cue and had to either retrieve the associated right-hand word (“Think”) or stop retrieval (“No-Think”). At the end of each trial, they reported whether they had experienced an intrusion of the associated memory. Behaviorally, on No-Think trials, they reported fewer intrusions than Think trials, and the reporting of intrusions decreased with practice. Physiologically, we observed that the motor-evoked potential, measured from the hand (which was irrelevant to the task), was reduced on No-Think trials in the time frame of 300–500 msec, especially on trials where they did report an intrusion. This unexpected result contradicted our preregistered prediction that we would find such a decrease on No-Think trials where the intrusion was not reported. These data suggest that one form of executive control over (inappropriate) long-term memory retrieval is a rapid and broad stop, akin to action-stopping, that is triggered by the intrusion itself.

Two retrievals from a single cue: A bottleneck persists across episodic and semantic memory

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 1005-1028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franziska Orscheschek ◽  
Tilo Strobach ◽  
Torsten Schubert ◽  
Timothy Rickard
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Semantic Memory ◽  
Retrieval Practice ◽  
Memory Systems ◽  
Verbal Response ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Keypress Response ◽  
Unique Word

There is evidence in the literature that two retrievals from long-term memory cannot occur in parallel. To date, however, that work has explored only the case of two retrievals from newly acquired episodic memory. These studies demonstrated a retrieval bottleneck even after dual-retrieval practice. That retrieval bottleneck may be a global property of long-term memory retrieval, or it may apply only to the case of two retrievals from episodic memory. In the current experiments, we explored whether that apparent dual-retrieval bottleneck applies to the case of one retrieval from episodic memory and one retrieval from highly overlearned semantic memory. Across three experiments, subjects learned to retrieve a left or right keypress response form a set of 14 unique word cues (e.g., black—right keypress). In addition, they learned a verbal response which involved retrieving the antonym of the presented cue (e.g., black—“white”). In the dual-retrieval condition, subjects had to retrieve both the keypress response and the antonym word. The results suggest that the retrieval bottleneck is superordinate to specific long-term memory systems and holds across different memory components. In addition, the results support the assumption of a cue-level response chunking account of learned retrieval parallelism.

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