scholarly journals Cumulative history quantifies the role of neural adaptation in multistable perception

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 12-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Pastukhov ◽  
J. Braun
Keyword(s):  
Neural Adaptation ◽  
Multistable Perception

Multistable Perception and the Role of the Frontoparietal Cortex in Perceptual Inference

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Brascamp ◽  
Philipp Sterzer ◽  
Randolph Blake ◽  
Tomas Knapen
Keyword(s):  
Perceptual Inference ◽  
Multistable Perception ◽  
Frontoparietal Cortex

scholarly journals Separable pupillary signatures of perception and action during perceptual multistability

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Brascamp ◽  
Gilles De Hollander ◽  
Michael D Wertheimer ◽  
Ashley N DePew ◽  
Tomas Knapen
Keyword(s):  
Pupil Size ◽  
Sensory Input ◽  
Perception And Action ◽  
Task Execution ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Cortical Responses ◽  
Multistable Perception ◽  
The Face ◽  
Perceptual Changes

The pupil provides a rich, non-invasive measure of the neural bases of perception and cognition. It can particularly inform about the role of arousal-linked neuromodulation, which alters both cortical processing and pupil size. But a multitude of factors influence pupil size, which complicates interpretation. We measured pupil signals accompanying changes in multistable perception, i.e. accompanying endogenously-generated perceptual changes in the face of inconclusive sensory input. Perceptual changes were marked by a complex pupil response that could be decomposed into two components: a dilation tied to task execution and plausibly reflecting arousal-linked noradrenaline, and an overlapping constriction tied to the perceptual transient and plausibly reflecting altered cortical responses. Constriction, but not dilation, amplitude depended on the timing of perceptual changes, possibly providing an index of neural adaptation. We conclude that pupil size reflects several dissociable processes during perceptual multistability, and that arousal-linked neuromodulation shapes action but not perception in these circumstances.

Role of dactinomycin in the improved survival of children with Wilms' tumor

JAMA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 195 (12) ◽  
pp. 1005-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Fernbach
Keyword(s):  
Wilms Tumor

Role of the allergist in diagnosis and management of patients with uveitis

JAMA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 195 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. E. Van Metre
Keyword(s):  
Diagnosis And Management

The power of norms to sway fused group members

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Winnifred R. Louis ◽  
Craig McGarty ◽  
Emma F. Thomas ◽  
Catherine E. Amiot ◽  
Fathali M. Moghaddam
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Anthropology ◽  
Normative Systems ◽  
Violent Extremism ◽  
Identity Fusion ◽  
Group Members

AbstractWhitehouse adapts insights from evolutionary anthropology to interpret extreme self-sacrifice through the concept of identity fusion. The model neglects the role of normative systems in shaping behaviors, especially in relation to violent extremism. In peaceful groups, increasing fusion will actually decrease extremism. Groups collectively appraise threats and opportunities, actively debate action options, and rarely choose violence toward self or others.

Elaborating the role of reflection and individual differences in the study of folk-economic beliefs

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Arceneaux
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
History Of ◽  
Economic Beliefs

AbstractIntuitions guide decision-making, and looking to the evolutionary history of humans illuminates why some behavioral responses are more intuitive than others. Yet a place remains for cognitive processes to second-guess intuitive responses – that is, to be reflective – and individual differences abound in automatic, intuitive processing as well.

The role of affect in feelings of obligation

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefen Beeler-Duden ◽  
Meltem Yucel ◽  
Amrisha Vaish
Keyword(s):  
Positive Emotions ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Sense Of Obligation

Abstract Tomasello offers a compelling account of the emergence of humans’ sense of obligation. We suggest that more needs to be said about the role of affect in the creation of obligations. We also argue that positive emotions such as gratitude evolved to encourage individuals to fulfill cooperative obligations without the negative quality that Tomasello proposes is inherent in obligations.

Refining our understanding of the “elephant in the room”

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Whiten
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Cultural Evolution ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Critical Factors ◽  
Technological Culture

Abstract The authors do the field of cultural evolution a service by exploring the role of non-social cognition in human cumulative technological culture, truly neglected in comparison with socio-cognitive abilities frequently assumed to be the primary drivers. Some specifics of their delineation of the critical factors are problematic, however. I highlight recent chimpanzee–human comparative findings that should help refine such analyses.

Choosing a Markov blanket

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Parr
Keyword(s):  
Markov Blanket ◽  
Target Article ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This commentary focuses upon the relationship between two themes in the target article: the ways in which a Markov blanket may be defined and the role of precision and salience in mediating the interactions between what is internal and external to a system. These each rest upon the different perspectives we might take while “choosing” a Markov blanket.

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