scholarly journals Magnetic stimulation of frontal brain areas: visual working memory suffers, other forms of visual short-term memory not

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 753-753
Author(s):  
I. G. Sligte ◽  
H. S. Scholte ◽  
V. A. F. Lamme
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Visual Working Memory ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Visual Short Term Memory ◽  
Frontal Brain ◽  
Stimulation Of

Binding has a cost in visual working memory but not in visual short-term memory

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert H. Logie ◽  
Mario Parra ◽  
Stephen Rhodes ◽  
Elaine Niven ◽  
Richard Allen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Visual Working Memory ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Visual Short Term Memory

Manipulations of attention dissociate fragile visual short-term memory from visual working memory

2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 1559-1568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annelinde R.E. Vandenbroucke ◽  
Ilja G. Sligte ◽  
Victor A.F. Lamme
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Visual Working Memory ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Visual Short Term Memory

A neurophysioiogical account of working memory limits: Between-item segregation and within-chunk integration

2001 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonino Raffone ◽  
Gezinus Wolters ◽  
Jacob M. Murre
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Visual Working Memory ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Memory Capacity ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Capacity Limit

We suggest a neurophysiological account of the short-term memory capacity limit based on a model of visual working memory (Raffone & Wolters, in press). Simulations have revealed a critical capacity limit of about four independent patterns. The model mechanisms may be applicable to working memory in general and they allow a reinterpretation of some of the issues discussed by Cowan.

scholarly journals A two-level hierarchical framework of visual working memory

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tal Yatziv ◽  
Yoav Kessler
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Visual Working Memory ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Visual Short Term Memory ◽  
Symbolic Information ◽  
Gating Mechanism ◽  
Hybrid Framework ◽  
Discrete Representations

Over the last couple of decades, a vast amount of research has been dedicated to understanding the nature and the architecture of visual short-term memory (VSTM), the mechanism by which currently relevant visual information is maintained. According to discrete-capacity models, VSTM is constrained by a limited number of discrete representations held simultaneously. In contrast, shared-resource models regard VSTM as limited in resources, which can be distributed flexibly between varying numbers of representations, and a new interference model posits that capacity is limited by interference among items. In this paper, we begin by reviewing benchmark findings regarding the debate over VSTM limitations, focusing on whether VSTM storage is all-or-none, and on whether objects’ complexity affects capacity. Afterwards, we put forward a hybrid framework of VSTM architecture, arguing that this system is composed of a two-level hierarchy of memory stores, each containing a different set of representations: (1) Perceptual Memory (PM), a resource-like level containing analog automatically-formed representations of visual stimuli in varying degrees of activation, and (2) visual Working Memory (WM), in which a subset of 3-4 items from PM are bound to conceptual representations and to their locations, thus conveying discrete (digital/symbolic) information which appears quantized. While PM has a large capacity and is relatively non-selective, visual WM is restricted in the number of items that can be maintained simultaneously and its content is regulated by a gating mechanism.

scholarly journals Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of the Right Superior Parietal Lobule Modulates the Retro-Cue Benefit in Visual Short-Term Memory

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 252
Author(s):  
Fabiano Botta ◽  
Juan Lupiáñez ◽  
Valerio Santangelo ◽  
Elisa Martín-Arévalo
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Superior Parietal Lobule ◽  
Spatial Cues ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Visual Short Term Memory ◽  
Parietal Lobule ◽  
The Right

Several studies have shown enhanced performance in change detection tasks when spatial cues indicating the probe’s location are presented after the memory array has disappeared (i.e., retro-cues) compared with spatial cues that are presented simultaneously with the test array (i.e., post-cues). This retro-cue benefit led some authors to propose the existence of two different stores of visual short-term memory: a weak but high-capacity store (fragile memory (FM)) linked to the effect of retro-cues and a robust but low-capacity store (working memory (WM)) linked to the effect of post-cues. The former is thought to be an attention-free system, whereas the latter would strictly depend on selective attention. Nonetheless, this dissociation is under debate, and several authors do not consider retro-cues as a proxy to measure the existence of an independent memory system (e.g., FM). We approached this controversial issue by altering the attention-related functions in the right superior parietal lobule (SPL) by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), whose effects were mediated by the integrity of the right superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF). Specifically, we asked whether TMS on the SPL affected the performance of retro cues vs. post-cues to a similar extent. The results showed that TMS on the SPL, mediated by right SLF-III integrity, produced a modulation of the retro-cue benefit, namely a memory capacity decrease in the post-cues but not in the retro-cues. These findings have strong implications for the debate on the existence of independent stages of visual short-term memory and for the growing literature showing a key role of the SLF for explaining the variability of TMS effects across participants.

scholarly journals Insensitivity of visual short-term memory to irrelevant visual information

2002 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 753-774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jackie Andrade ◽  
Eva Kemps ◽  
Yves Werniers ◽  
Jon May ◽  
Arnaud Szmalec
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Visual Imagery ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Verbal Working Memory ◽  
Visual Noise ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Visual Short Term Memory

Several authors have hypothesized that visuo-spatial working memory is functionally analogous to verbal working memory. Irrelevant background speech impairs verbal short-term memory. We investigated whether irrelevant visual information has an analogous effect on visual short-term memory, using a dynamic visual noise (DVN) technique known to disrupt visual imagery (Quinn & McConnell, 1996b). Experiment 1 replicated the effect of DVN on pegword imagery. Experiments 2 and 3 showed no effect of DVN on recall of static matrix patterns, despite a significant effect of a concurrent spatial tapping task. Experiment 4 showed no effect of DVN on encoding or maintenance of arrays of matrix patterns, despite testing memory by a recognition procedure to encourage visual rather than spatial processing. Serial position curves showed a one-item recency effect typical of visual short-term memory. Experiment 5 showed no effect of DVN on short-term recognition of Chinese characters, despite effects of visual similarity and a concurrent colour memory task that confirmed visual processing of the characters. We conclude that irrelevant visual noise does not impair visual short-term memory. Visual working memory may not be functionally analogous to verbal working memory, and different cognitive processes may underlie visual short-term memory and visual imagery.

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