scholarly journals Saccadic target selection and temporal properties of visual encoding

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 499-499
Author(s):  
J. P. de Vries ◽  
I. T. C. Hooge ◽  
M. A. Wiering ◽  
F. A. J. Verstraten
Keyword(s):  
Target Selection ◽  
Temporal Properties ◽  
Visual Encoding ◽  
Saccadic Target

Inhibitory Processes Mediate Saccadic Target Selection

2007 ◽  
Vol 105 (3) ◽  
pp. 939-958
Author(s):  
Michael D. Nelson ◽  
Howard C. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Target Selection ◽  
Inhibitory Processes ◽  
Saccadic Target

scholarly journals Saccadic Target Selection Deficits after Lateral Intraparietal Area Inactivation in Monkeys

2002 ◽  
Vol 22 (22) ◽  
pp. 9877-9884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Wardak ◽  
Etienne Olivier ◽  
Jean-René Duhamel
Keyword(s):  
Target Selection ◽  
Lateral Intraparietal Area ◽  
Saccadic Target

scholarly journals Goal-driven modulation as a function of time in saccadic target selection

2008 ◽  
Vol 61 (10) ◽  
pp. 1553-1572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wieske Van Zoest ◽  
Mieke Donk
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Response Latency ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Target Selection ◽  
Visual Selection ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Specific Target ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
Saccadic Target ◽  
Speed Accuracy

Four experiments were performed to investigate the contribution of goal-driven modulation in saccadic target selection as a function of time. Observers were required to make an eye movement to a prespecified target that was concurrently presented with multiple nontargets and possibly one distractor. Target and distractor were defined in different dimensions (orientation dimension and colour dimension in Experiment 1), or were both defined in the same dimension (i.e., both defined in the orientation dimension in Experiment 2, or both defined in the colour dimension in Experiments 3 and 4). The identities of target and distractor were switched over conditions. Speed–accuracy functions were computed to examine the full time course of selection in each condition. There were three major results. First, the ability to exert goal-driven control increased as a function of response latency. Second, this ability depended on the specific target–distractor combination, yet was not a function of whether target and distractor were defined within or across dimensions. Third, goal-driven control was available earlier when target and distractor were dissimilar than when they were similar. It was concluded that the influence of goal-driven control in visual selection is not all or none, but is of a continuous nature.

scholarly journals Visual encoding and fixation target selection in free viewing: presaccadic brain potentials

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey R. Nikolaev ◽  
Peter Jurica ◽  
Chie Nakatani ◽  
Gijs Plomp ◽  
Cees van Leeuwen
Keyword(s):  
Target Selection ◽  
Fixation Target ◽  
Brain Potentials ◽  
Free Viewing ◽  
Visual Encoding

scholarly journals Spatially guided distractor suppression during visual search

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Feldmann-Wüstefeld ◽  
Marina Weinberger ◽  
Edward Awh
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Target Selection ◽  
Basic Question ◽  
Spatial Gradient ◽  
Selection Effects ◽  
Theta Band ◽  
Neural Signals ◽  
Past Work ◽  
Visual Encoding ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractPast work has demonstrated that active suppression of salient distractors is a critical part of visual selection. Evidence for goal-driven suppression includes below-baseline visual encoding at the position of salient distractors (Gaspelin and Luck, 2015) and neural signals such as the Pd that track the position and number of distractors in the visual field (Feldmann-Wustefeld and Vogel, 2019). One basic question regarding distractor suppression is whether it is inherently spatial or nonspatial in character. Indeed, past work has shown that distractors evoke both spatial (Theeuwes, 1992) and nonspatial forms of interference (Folk and Remington, 1998), motivating a direct examination of whether space is integral to goal-driven distractor suppression. Here, we provide clear evidence for a spatial gradient of suppression surrounding salient singleton distractors. Replicating past work, both reaction time and neural indices of target selection improved monotonically as the distance between target and distractor increased. Importantly, these target selection effects were paralleled by a monotonic decline in the amplitude of the Pd, an electrophysiological index of distractor suppression. Moreover, multivariate analyses revealed spatially selective activity in the theta band that tracked the position of the target and – critically – revealed suppressed activity at spatial channels centered on distractor positions. Thus, goal-driven selection of relevant over irrelevant information benefits from a spatial gradient of suppression surrounding salient distractors.

scholarly journals Higher order, multifeatural object encoding by the oculomotor system

2018 ◽  
Vol 120 (6) ◽  
pp. 3042-3062 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devin H. Kehoe ◽  
Selvi Aybulut ◽  
Mazyar Fallah
Keyword(s):  
Visual Processing ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Target Selection ◽  
Oculomotor System ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Movement Planning ◽  
Cognitive Information ◽  
Saccadic Target ◽  
Cortical Visual Processing ◽  
Vector Modulation

Previous behavioral and physiological research has demonstrated that as the behavioral relevance of potential saccade goals increases, they elicit more competition during target selection processing as evidenced by increased saccade curvature and neural activity. However, these effects have only been demonstrated for lower order feature singletons, and it remains unclear whether more complicated featural differences between higher order objects also elicit vector modulation. Therefore, we measured human saccades curvature elicited by distractors bilaterally flanking a target during a visual search saccade task and systematically varied subsets of features shared between the two distractors and the target, referred to as objective similarity (OS). Our results demonstrate that saccades deviated away from the distractor highest in OS to the target and that there was a linear relationship between the magnitude of saccade deviation and the number of feature differences between the most similar distractor and the target. Furthermore, an analysis of curvature over the time course of the saccade demonstrated that curvature only occurred in the first 20–30 ms of the movement. Given the multifeatural complexity of the novel stimuli, these results suggest that saccadic target selection processing involves dynamically reweighting vector representations for movement planning to several possible targets based on their behavioral relevance. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We demonstrate that small featural differences between unfamiliar, higher order object representations modulate vector weights during saccadic target selection processing. Such effects have previously only been demonstrated for familiar, simple feature singletons (e.g., color) in which features characterize entire objects. The complexity and novelty of our stimuli suggest that the oculomotor system dynamically receives visual/cognitive information processed in the higher order representational networks of the cortical visual processing hierarchy and integrates this information for saccadic movement planning.

scholarly journals Enhanced representation of space by prefrontal neuronal ensembles and its dependence on cognitive states

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad-Reza A. Dehaqani ◽  
Abdol-Hossein Vahabie ◽  
Mohammadbagher Parsa ◽  
Behard Noudoost ◽  
Alireza Soltani
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Flexibility ◽  
Target Selection ◽  
Visual Space ◽  
Neural Representation ◽  
Noise Correlation ◽  
Neuronal Ensembles ◽  
Cognitive States ◽  
Visual Encoding ◽  
Representation Of Space ◽  
Spatial Locations

AbstractAlthough individual neurons can be highly selective to particular stimuli and certain upcoming actions, they can provide a complex representation of stimuli and actions at the level of population. The ability to dynamically allocate neural resources is crucial for cognitive flexibility. However, it is unclear whether cognitive flexibility emerges from changes in activity at the level of individual neurons, population, or both. By applying a combination of decoding and encoding methods to simultaneously recorded neural data, we show that while maintaining their stimulus selectivity, neurons in prefrontal cortex alter their correlated activity during various cognitive states, resulting in an enhanced representation of visual space. During a task with various cognitive states, individual prefrontal neurons maintained their limited spatial sensitivity between visual encoding and saccadic target selection whereas the population selectively improved its encoding of spatial locations far from the neurons' preferred locations. This 'encoding expansion' relied on high-dimensional neural representations and was accompanied by selective reductions in noise correlation for non-preferred locations. Our results demonstrate that through recruitment of less-informative neurons and reductions of noise correlation in their activity, the representation of space by neuronal ensembles can be dynamically enhanced, and suggest that cognitive flexibility is mainly achieved by changes in neural representation at the level of population of prefrontal neurons rather than individual neurons.

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