scholarly journals Alternation rate in perceptual bistability is maximal at and symmetric around equi-dominance

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1-1 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Moreno-Bote ◽  
A. Shpiro ◽  
J. Rinzel ◽  
N. Rubin
Keyword(s):  
Alternation Rate

scholarly journals Tagged MEG measures binocular rivalry in a cortical network that predicts alternation rate

PLoS ONE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. e0218529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Bock ◽  
Jeremy D. Fesi ◽  
Sylvain Baillet ◽  
Janine D. Mendola
Keyword(s):  
Binocular Rivalry ◽  
Cortical Network ◽  
Alternation Rate

The Dependence of Monocular Rivalry on Spatial Frequency

Perception ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Atkinson ◽  
F W Campbell ◽  
A Fiorentini ◽  
L Maffei
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Frequency ◽  
Sine Wave ◽  
Ambiguous Figures ◽  
Alternation Rate ◽  
Higher Harmonics ◽  
Square Wave ◽  
Sharp Edges ◽  
Harmonic Components ◽  
Sine Wave Gratings

The effect of change in spatial frequency on the alternation rate of two crossed gratings was measured. The rate was found to decrease with increase in spatial frequency, but to change only little with contrast. Low alternation rate was observed for crossed square-wave gratings compared to crossed sine-wave gratings; here the rate of rivalry is largely dependent upon the presence or absence of the first three harmonic components rather than the higher harmonics which contribute to the sharp edges of the square wave. The results are compared with those for some ambiguous figures.

scholarly journals A238 ABSENCE OF AGE-RELATED MEMORY DECLINE IN GERM-FREE MICE

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 288-289
Author(s):  
N Kraimi ◽  
G De Palma ◽  
J Lu ◽  
D Bowdish ◽  
E Verdu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Spatial Memory ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Alternation Rate ◽  
Memory Decline ◽  
Germ Free ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Old Mice ◽  
Young Mice

Abstract Background Age-associated deterioration of cognitive function and memory capacity occur in a variety of mammals, from humans to rodents. For example, significant memory deficits have been reported in conventionally raised (SPF) old mice compared to conventionally raised young mice submitted to a spatial memory task (Prevot et al., Mol Neuropsychiatry 2019). Microbiota to brain signaling is now well established in mice, but the extent to which this influences age-related memory decline is unknown. Aims Our project aims to determine whether the intestinal microbiota contributes to age-related changes in brain function. We address the hypothesis that age-related cognitive decline is attenuated in the absence of the intestinal microbiota. Methods We studied locomotor behavior and spatial memory performance in young germ-free (GF) mice (2–3 months of age, n=24) and senescent GF mice (13–27 months old, n=22) maintained in axenic conditions, and compared them to conventionally raised (SPF) mice. We used the Y-maze test based on a spontaneous alternations task to assess cognition, with alternation rate as a proxy of spatial working memory performance. The locomotor activity was measured using the open-field test. Results GF old mice traveled less distance (458.9 cm) than GF young mice (875.7 cm, p < 0.001) but these differences in locomotor activity did not influence spatial memory performance. Indeed, both GF old and GF young mice had an identical alternation rate of 73.3% (p > 0.05). This contrasted with the memory impairment found in old SPF mice that displayed lower alternation rate of 58.3%, compared to that found in young SPF mice (76.2%, p = 0.13). Conclusions We conclude that the absence of age-related memory decline in germ-free mice is consistent with a role for the microbiota in the cognitive decline associated with aging, likely through action on the immune system, well documented in SPF mice (Thevaranjan et al., Cell Host & Microbe 2017). We propose that novel microbiota-targeted therapeutic strategies may delay or prevent the cognitive decline of aging. Funding Agencies CIHRBalsam Family Foundation

scholarly journals Temporal Patterns of Saccadic Eye Movements Predict Individual Variation in Alternation Rate during Binocular Rivalry

i-Perception ◽  
10.1068/i0486 ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Hancock ◽  
Lynn Gareze ◽  
John M Findlay ◽  
Timothy J Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Binocular Rivalry ◽  
Individual Variation ◽  
Saccadic Eye Movements ◽  
Temporal Patterns ◽  
Alternation Rate

scholarly journals Fast cyclic stimulus flashing modulates perception of bi-stable figure

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrikas Vaitkevicius ◽  
Vygandas Vanagas ◽  
Alvydas Soliunas ◽  
Algimantas Svegzda ◽  
Remigijus Bliumas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Necker Cube ◽  
Alternation Rate ◽  
Flash Duration ◽  
Initial Information ◽  
Stimulus Perception ◽  
Internal Impulse ◽  
Coincidence Timing ◽  
External Stimuli ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Flicker Stimulus

Many experiments have demonstrated that the rhythms in the brain influence an initial information processing. We investigated whether the alternation rate of the perception of a Necker cube depended on the degree of synchronization between two streams of spikes, one stemming from an external flashing image and the other from the action of an internal impulse stream. Knowing how a flickering stimulus with a given frequency and duration affects the alternation rate of bi-stable perception we could estimate properties of the internal signal. As the internal spike frequency is difficult to control, we varied the frequency of the flicker stimulus. Our results show that the duration of the dominant stimulus perception depends on the frequency or duration of the flashing stimuli. The values of the stimuli, at which the changes of the duration of the perceived image was maximal, we have called ‘extremal’. While changing the flash duration, the extremal parameters repeated periodically at 4ms intervals. Increasing the duration of the extremal stimuli by less than 4 ms shortens the duration of the dominant stimulus perception. Hence we may conclude that it is not the stimulus duration but the accurate coincidence (timing) of the moments of switching on of external stimuli to match the internal stimuli which explains our experimental results.

Binocular Rivalry Alternation Rate Declines with Age

2003 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 393-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuhiko Ukai ◽  
Haruna Ando ◽  
Junko Kuze
Keyword(s):  
Binocular Rivalry ◽  
Alternation Rate

scholarly journals Maximum alternation rate in bi-stable perception occurs at equidominance: experiments and modeling

2007 ◽  
Vol 8 (S2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asya Shpiro ◽  
Rubén Moreno-Bote ◽  
Susan Bloomberg ◽  
John Rinzel ◽  
Nava Rubin
Keyword(s):  
Alternation Rate

scholarly journals Interictal Activity Is Associated With Slower Binocular Rivalry in Idiopathic Generalized Epilepsy

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaonan Wu ◽  
Wei Ding ◽  
Xing Ye ◽  
Qiang Wei ◽  
Xinyi Lv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Error ◽  
Cognitive Assessment ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Montreal Cognitive Assessment ◽  
Alternation Rate ◽  
Assessment Score ◽  
Epileptiform Discharges ◽  
Interictal Epileptiform Discharges ◽  
Perceptual Alternation ◽  
Generalized Epilepsy

Objective: Perceptual alternations evoked by binocular rivalry (BR) reflect cortical dynamics strongly dependent on the excitatory–inhibitory balance, suggesting potential utility as a biomarker for epileptogenesis. Therefore, we investigated the characteristics of BR in patients with idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE) and potential associations with clinical variables.Methods: Sixty-two healthy controls (HCs) and 94 IGE patients completed BR task. Perceptual alternation rates were compared between HC and IGE groups as well as among the HC group and IGE patients stratified according to the presence or absence of interictal activity on the ambulatory electroencephalogram (EEG), termed the abnormal ambulatory EEG group (AB-AEEG, n = 64) and normal ambulatory EEG group (N-AEEG, n = 30), respectively.Results: The IGE patients demonstrated a slower rate of BR perceptual alternation than HC subjects (t = −4.364, p < 0.001). The alternation rate also differed among the HC, AB-AEEG, and N-AEEG groups (F = 44.962, df = 2, p < 0.001), and post hoc comparisons indicated a significantly slower alternation rate in the AB-AEEG group compared with the N-AEEG and HC groups (0.28 vs. 0.46, and 0.43 Hz). Stepwise linear regression revealed positive correlations between the BR alternation rate and both the ambulatory EEG status (β, 0.173; standard error, 0.022 p < 0.001) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment score (β, 0.013; standard error, 0.004; p = 0.003). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis of the BR alternation rate distinguished AB-AEEG from N-AEEG subjects with 90.00% sensitivity and 76.90% specificity (area under the curve = 0.881; 95% confidence interval = 0.801– 0.961, cut-off = 0.319). Alternatively, Montreal Cognitive Assessment score did not accurately distinguish AB-AEEG from N-AEEG subjects and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve combining the BR alternation rate and Montreal Cognitive Assessment score was not markedly larger than that of the BR alternation rate alone (0.894, 95% confidence interval = 0.822–0.966, p < 0.001). K-fold cross-validation was used to evaluate the predictive performance of BR alternation rate, MoCA score, and the combination of both, which yielded average AUC values of 0.870, 0.584 and 0.847, average sensitivity values of 89.36, 92.73, and 91.28%, and average specificity values of 62.25, 13.42, and 61.78%, respectively. The number of interictal epileptiform discharges was significantly correlated with the alternation rate in IGE patients (r = 0.296, p = 0.018). A forward stepwise linear regression model identified the number of interictal epileptiform discharges (β, 0.001; standard error, 0.001; p = 0.025) as an independent factor associated with BR alternation rate in these patients.Conclusion: These results suggest that interictal epileptiform discharges are associated with disruptions in perceptual awareness, and that the BR may be a useful auxiliary behavioral task to diagnosis and dynamically monitor IGE patients with interictal discharge.

scholarly journals Fast cyclic stimulus flashing modulates perception of bi-stable figure

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e6011
Author(s):  
Henrikas Vaitkevicius ◽  
Vygandas Vanagas ◽  
Alvydas Soliunas ◽  
Algimantas Svegzda ◽  
Remigijus Bliumas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Binocular Rivalry ◽  
Necker Cube ◽  
Common Mechanism ◽  
Perceptual Information ◽  
Alternation Rate ◽  
Bistable Perception ◽  
Perception Time ◽  
Neuronal Processing ◽  
External Stimuli ◽  
The Brain

Many experiments have demonstrated that the rhythms in the brain influence the initial perceptual information processing. We investigated whether the alternation rate of the perception of a Necker cube depends on the frequency and duration of a flashing Necker cube. We hypothesize that synchronization between the external rhythm of a flashing stimulus and the internal rhythm of neuronal processing should change the alternation rate of a Necker cube. Knowing how a flickering stimulus with a given frequency and duration affects the alternation rate of bistable perception, we could estimate the frequency of the internal neuronal processing. Our results show that the perception time of the dominant stimulus depends on the frequency or duration of the flashing stimuli. The duration of the stimuli, at which the duration of the perceived image was maximal, was repeated periodically at 4 ms intervals. We suppose that such results could be explained by the existence of an internal rhythm of 125 cycles/s for bistable visual perception. We can also suppose that it is not the stimulus duration but the precise timing of the moments of switching on of external stimuli to match the internal stimuli which explains our experimental results. Similarity between the effects of flashing frequency on alternation rate of stimuli perception in present and previously performed experiment on binocular rivalry support the existence of a common mechanism for binocular rivalry and monocular perception of ambiguous figures.

A physiological model of binocular rivalry

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Mueller
Keyword(s):  
Binocular Rivalry ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Reciprocal Inhibition ◽  
Physiological Model ◽  
Human Observer ◽  
Temporal Behavior ◽  
Alternation Rate ◽  
Binocular Fusion ◽  
State Variable ◽  
Neurophysiological Mechanisms

AbstractThis paper presents a modified reciprocal inhibition model for the temporal dynamics of binocular rivalry. The model is based on neurophysiological mechanisms and is derived from human psychophysical data. A simple reciprocal inhibition oscillator may be described with a set of four coupled differential equations with a neurophysiological interpretation. However, such a circuit does not account for some aspects of the temporal behavior of binocular rivalry, including the effects of contrast change on alternation rate and on the magnitudes of changes in duration of the suppressed and dominant phases. To better account for these phenomena, the equations and their simulation are modified to include three new components: (1) presynaptic inhibition of the reciprocal inhibition by the input, (2) the motor delays that occur when a human observer tracks rivalry and (3) a minimum threshold for each neuron's state variable. The result is a much improved fit to psychophysically-obtained data on the temporal behavior of binocular rivalry. Finally, the model is incorporated into a larger model to suggest how rivalry might occur in a network that usually exhibits binocular fusion.

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