Monitoring of Various Stages of Malaria Using Miniature Fibre Coupler Sensor Device

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 819-824
Author(s):  
Shilpa Kulkarni ◽  
Sujata Patrikar
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Light Source ◽  
Human Blood ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Directional Coupler ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Embedded Device ◽  
Malarial Infection ◽  
Sensor Device ◽  
Micrometer Size

A micrometer size, simple, and low-cost sensor for continuous monitoring of human blood during malarial infection at its various stages is proposed in this work. The sensor comprises a light source, silica fiber directional coupler, and an optoelectronic photodetector. The sensor is simulated for fiber diameters from 1–1.8 #x03BC;m and optimization is done. The sensor produces a photocurrent of a few mA, which gives the level of infection. It can detect a change in refractive index, of the order of 10−5, and needs a small sensing length of a few μm. It can be potentially built as an integrated embedded device.

scholarly journals Realization of frequency hopping characteristics of an epsilon negative metamaterial with high effective medium ratio for multiband microwave applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Tariqul Islam ◽  
Md. Moniruzzaman ◽  
Touhidul Alam ◽  
Md Samsuzzaman ◽  
Qutaiba A. Razouqi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Frequency Hopping ◽  
Small Dimension ◽  
Effective Medium ◽  
Unit Cell ◽  
Negative Permittivity ◽  
Design System ◽  
Microwave Applications ◽  
Meander Line

AbstractIn this paper, a meander-lines-based epsilon negative (ENG) metamaterial (MTM) with a high effective medium ratio (EMR) and near-zero refractive index (NZI) is designed and investigated for multiband microwave applications. The metamaterial unit cell is a modification of the conventional square split-ring resonator in which the meander line concept is utilized. The meander line helps to increase the electrical length of the rings and provides strong multiple resonances within a small dimension. The unit cell of proposed MTM is initiated on a low-cost FR4 substrate of 1.5 mm thick and electrical dimension of 0.06λ × 0.06λ, where wavelength, λ is calculated at the lowest resonance frequency (2.48 GHz). The MTM provides four major resonances of transmission coefficient (S21) at 2.48, 4.28, 9.36, and 13.7 GHz covering S, C, X, and Ku bands. It shows negative permittivity, near-zero permeability, and near-zero refractive index in the vicinity of these resonances. The equivalent circuit is designed and modeled in Advanced Design System (ADS) software. The simulated S21 of the MTM unit cell is compared with the measured one and both show close similarity. The array performance of the MTM is also evaluated by using 2 × 2, 4 × 4, and 8 × 8 arrays that show close resemblance with the unit cell. The MTM offers a high effective medium ratio (EMR) of 15.1, indicating the design's compactness. The frequency hopping characteristics of the proposed MTM is investigated by open and short-circuited the three outer rings split gaps by using three switches. Eight different combinations of the switching states provide eight different sets of multiband resonances within 2–18 GHz; those give the flexibility of using the proposed MTM operating in various frequency bands. For its small dimension, NZI, high EMR, and frequency hopping characteristics through switching, this metamaterial can be utilized for multiband microwave applications, especially to enhance the gain of multiband antennas.

A low-cost and portable device for measuring spectrum of light source as a stimulus for the human’s circadian system

2021 ◽  
Vol 252 ◽  
pp. 111386
Author(s):  
Armin Amirazar ◽  
Mona Azarbayjani ◽  
Maziyar Molavi ◽  
Morteza Karami
Keyword(s):  
Light Source ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Circadian System ◽  
Portable Device

Low-Cost Heat Insulating Film Design for BIPV Modules Based on Multi-Layer Inorganic Materials

2012 ◽  
Vol 452-453 ◽  
pp. 1424-1428
Author(s):  
Han Min Tian ◽  
Li Jia Guo ◽  
Wen Feng Duan ◽  
Rui Xia Yang ◽  
Feng Lan Tian
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Visible Light ◽  
Absorption Rate ◽  
Heat Insulation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Heat Rate ◽  
Optimum Combination ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Tempered Glass ◽  
Glass Panel

By analyzing the transmitionce and heat rate of insulating antireflection films conposed by refractive-index adjustable SiO2 layer and TiO2 layers, the optimum combination of antireflection films of BIPV is obtained. The absorption rate at the ultraviolet part that wavelenght excessive inadequate 400nm of the optimized fils is 99.9%, which are directly designed on the surface of the low iron tempered glass panel of BIPV, and in the wavelength range 400nm-800nm, the visible light transmitionce rate is up to 99.5%, and the heat that wavelenght excessive 800nm is reflected of 20%. For the multilayer heat insulation films are composed with the same kind of material while with different refractive indexes, there is no projecting stress between these films and no constraints during the production process of different films for the possible low cost heat insulating of BIPV.

An Innovative Low Cost Well Monitoring Solution: W.A.N.D

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Grégoire Boero Rollo ◽  
John Richard Ordonez Varela ◽  
Tayssir Ben Ghzaiel ◽  
Cedric Mouanga ◽  
Arnaud Luxey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Complex Environment ◽  
Sensor Device ◽  
Magnetic Field Measurements ◽  
Pipeline Monitoring ◽  
Harsh Conditions

Abstract Wireless Autonomous Nano-sensor Device (WAND) system is a disruptive cost-effective micro-system for well monitoring. It allows to realize pressure, temperature, inertial, and magnetic field measurements in harsh conditions; it also offers Bluetooth low-power communication and Wireless charging capabilities. Analysis’ results of an industrial offshore pilot realized in Congo (a world first in O&G industry in such complex environment), and major improvements implemented after this pilot are reported in this paper. Accomplished advancements comprise hardware and software developments extending operation lifetime, and simplifying on-site utilization. To date, there is not a commercial solution of this type in the market, the realization of this project is a real innovation allowing practical and low-cost monitoring during well intervention while minimizing the risks associated with standard Rigless intervention. Other applications regarding dry-tree wells on tension-leg platforms (TLP), drilling and completion operations, and pipeline monitoring are being investigated, too.

Development of Low-Cost Abbe Refractometer

2018 ◽  
Vol 879 ◽  
pp. 227-233
Author(s):  
Weeratouch Pongruengkiat ◽  
Thitika Jungpanich ◽  
Kodchakorn Ittipornnuson ◽  
Suejit Pechprasarn ◽  
Naphat Albutt
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Optical Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Optical Component ◽  
Refractive Indices ◽  
Constant Number ◽  
Optical Wavelength ◽  
Refractive Index Spectrum ◽  
Transparent Polymers ◽  
Abbe Refractometer

Refractive index and Abbe number are major physical properties of optical materials including glasses and transparent polymers. Refractive index is, in fact, not a constant number and is varied as a function of optical wavelength. The full refractive index spectrum can be obtained using a spectrometer. However, for optical component designers, three refractive indices at the wavelengths of 486.1 nm, 589.3 nm and 656.3 nm are usually sufficient for most of the design tasks, since the rest of the spectrum can be predicted by mathematical models and interpolation. In this paper, we propose a simple optical instrumental setup that determines the refractive indices at three wavelengths and the Abbe number of solid and liquid materials.

Optimization of a liquid refractive index sensor based on an integrated optic slot-waveguide directional coupler

Optik ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 180 ◽  
pp. 984-990
Author(s):  
Moon Hee Kang ◽  
Nari Kim ◽  
Yong Hyun Kim ◽  
Changhun Yun
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Directional Coupler ◽  
Refractive Index Sensor ◽  
Slot Waveguide

Detection and monitoring of fire and gas leakage systems in industries

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.8) ◽  
pp. 419
Author(s):  
K Geetha ◽  
P Prabha ◽  
C Preetha Devi ◽  
S Priyadharshini ◽  
S Tamilselvan
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Sensor ◽  
Traditional Method ◽  
Automatic System ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Fire Detection ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Quality Service ◽  
Fire Monitoring ◽  
Gas Leakage

Now a days, Industries are more equipped with automatic system. Fire monitoring is one of the applications where continuous monitoring of temperature and humidity is essential to detect the fire in the industry. Fire detection is very much necessary to protect both the industry and to conserve environment and livelihood of human. This paper presents an algorithm to detect the fire in the industry based on ZigBee and GPRS wireless sensor network which provides low cost, low maintenance and good quality service when compared with the traditional method. The hardware circuitry of proposed solution is based on microcontroller, temperature sensor along with ZigBee and GPRS modules.

scholarly journals Light scattering of glass-particle filled matrices with similar refractive index

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (30) ◽  
pp. 4231-4246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Wildner ◽  
Dietmar Drummer
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Light Source ◽  
White Light ◽  
Scattered Light ◽  
Glass Particle ◽  
Refractive Indices ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
White Light Source ◽  
Transmission Measurements ◽  
Optical Appearance

If fillers can be added to transparent materials without losing transparency, then advantages like enhanced mechanical and thermal properties can be integrated. The investigated specimens consist of glass particles and refractive index oil as a model for transparent matrices with a very similar refractive index. Their optical properties and resulting limitations are described. Potential uses are also demonstrated by application-oriented optical testing. Besides a standard spectrometer, additional spectrometer setups were used. These include a diffuse as well as a collimated illumination and different sample positioning. Furthermore, the scattered light intensity was measured at different angles. This analysis reveals that composites with smaller particles transmit more light directly. In contrast, standard spectrometers indicate an increasing direct transmittance of composites with larger particles. They collect significant amounts of scattered light and, therefore, are not suitable for transmission measurements of such composites. The different positioning shows that all specimens exhibit very little scattering when placed directly on a diffuse light source. With a greater distance between specimen and light source, the scattering increases strongly. To display the composites' optical appearance, the light-dark-contrast of the diffuse white light source photographed behind the composite was analyzed. Both long and short distances between composite and light source lead to a precise image of the light source. Nevertheless, the white light source appears in the color of the wavelength with matching refractive indices at long distances.

CORONENE ORGANIC FILMS: OPTICAL AND SPECTRAL CHARACTERISTICS UNDER ANNEALING TEMPERATURE INFLUENCES

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150081
Author(s):  
ERMAN ERDOGAN
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Annealing Temperature ◽  
Film Growth ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Thin Film Deposition ◽  
Film Deposition ◽  
Optical Bandgap ◽  
Dielectric Constants ◽  
Optical Parameters

In this study, spin coating, which is a chemical film layer thin film deposition method, was used for coronene films that were grown on Si substrates annealed at 325, 350 and 375[Formula: see text]K to examine the impacts on the optical properties of films. This method allows for easy control of the deposition parameters such as concentration, temperature and time as well as enables the film growth at low cost. Optical (UV–Vis) spectral measurements in the wavelength range from 200[Formula: see text]nm to 800[Formula: see text]nm were used to extract the bandgap information and to calculate various optical parameters of the spin-coated coronene films. The electronic transitions on the absorption of photons of suitable energy are of indirect allowed type. The corresponding optical bandgap ([Formula: see text]) was determined. Complex dielectric constants, dissipation factor, optical and electrical conductances and refractive index of coronene films were analyzed as a function of temperature. As the film annealing temperature was increased, the dielectric constants and the refractive index values increased, whereas the optical bandgap and electrical and optical conductivity values decreased.

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