Electrochemical Properties of Micro-Sized Bismuth Anode for Sodium Ion Batteries

Recently, sodium ion batteries have attracted considerable interest for large-scale electric energy storage as an alternative to lithium ion batteries. However, the development of anode materials with long cycle life, high rate, and high reversible capacity is necessary for the advancement of sodium ion batteries. Bi anode is a promising candidate for sodium ion batteries due to its high theoretical capacity (385 mAh g–1 or 3800 mAh l–1) and high electrical conductivity (7.7 × 105 S m –1). Herein, we report the preparation of Bi anode using micro-sized commercial Bi particles. DME-based electrolyte was used, which is well known for its high ionic conductivity. The Bi anode showed excellent rate-capability up to 16 C-rate, and long cycle life stability with a high reversible capacity of 354 mAh g–1 at 16 C-rate for 50 cycles.