Characterizations of Cladded 6082-T6 Aluminum Alloy Through Hard Anodizing

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1034-1045
Author(s):  
Essam R. I. Mahmoud ◽  
Ali Algahtani ◽  
Sohaib Z. Khan ◽  
Gulam Mohammed Sayeed Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Erosion Resistance ◽  
Corrosion Current ◽  
Aluminum Substrate ◽  
Good Adhesion ◽  
Hard Anodizing ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Hardness Values ◽  
Aluminum Alloy Surface

Aluminum alloys have attractions to be used for a wide range of applications. Although the passive film on aluminum can provide corrosion protection, it has limited wear resistance in oil and gas applications due to the aggressive environment. This work has investigated the enhancements of hard anodizing on the performance of 6082-T6 aluminum alloy surface against erosion and corrosion test environments. The study investigates the surface roughness and hardness of the hard-anodized coating before going deeper in the cross-section to study in details the macro/microstructure of the formed layer. The erosion resistance of the coated layer, in particular, the effect of sand concentration and temperature variations to the aqueous slurry impingement against material properties such as adhesion, ductility, and roughness were investigated. In addition, a series of electrochemistry tests have been conducted to verify the corrosion performance. As a reference, the un-coated aluminum substrate was instigated in all the experiments. The resulted hard anodized coating layer had good adhesion with the aluminum substrate and was consisted of two distinct amorphous sub-layers of almost 50 m thick with some elongated porosity. It has been shown that the erosion resistance of aluminum alloy can be highly improved by hard anodizing, especially at high temperature. The hard-anodized sample shows almost twice hardness values compared with aluminum substrate for both eroded and un-eroded conditions. For the corrosion behavior, the hard-anodizing coating has lower corrosion current density than the aluminum substrate.

scholarly journals Dry Sliding Behavior of an Aluminum Alloy after Innovative Hard Anodizing Treatments

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3281
Author(s):  
Chiara Soffritti ◽  
Annalisa Fortini ◽  
Anna Nastruzzi ◽  
Ramona Sola ◽  
Mattia Merlin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Aluminum Substrate ◽  
Dry Sliding ◽  
Aluminum Oxides ◽  
Wear Rates ◽  
Anodic Aluminum ◽  
Hard Anodizing ◽  
Pin On Disc ◽  
Diffuse Reflectance Infrared ◽  
Wear Tests

This work evaluates the dry sliding behavior of anodic aluminum oxides (AAO) formed during one traditional hard anodizing treatment (HA) and two golden hard anodizing treatments (named G and GP, respectively) on a EN AW-6060 aluminum alloy. Three different thicknesses of AAO layers were selected: 25, 50, and 100 μm. Prior to wear tests, microstructure and mechanical properties were determined by scanning electron microscopy (VPSEM/EDS), X-ray diffractometry, diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT-FTIR) spectroscopy, roughness, microhardness, and scratch tests. Wear tests were carried out by a pin-on-disc tribometer using a steel disc as the counterpart material. The friction coefficient was provided by the equipment. Anodized pins were weighed before and after tests to assess the wear rate. Worn surfaces were analyzed by VPSEM/EDS and DRITF-FTIR. Based on the results, the GP-treated surfaces with a thickness of 50 μm exhibit the lowest friction coefficients and wear rates. In any case, a tribofilm is observed on the wear tracks. During sliding, its detachment leads to delamination of the underlying anodic aluminum oxides and to abrasion of the aluminum substrate. Finally, the best tribological performance of G- and GP-treated surfaces may be related to the existence of a thin Ag-rich film at the coating/aluminum substrate interfaces.

scholarly journals Experimental Studies on Corrosion Behavior of Ceramic Surface Coating using Different Deposition Techniques on 6082-T6 Aluminum Alloy

Processes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Algahtani ◽  
Essam Mahmoud ◽  
Sohaib Khan ◽  
Vineet Tirth
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Surface Coating ◽  
Protective Coatings ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Corrosion Current ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Ceramic Surface ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hard Anodizing ◽  
Plasma Electrolytic

Aluminum alloys cannot be used in aggressive corrosion environments application. In this paper, three different surface coating technologies were used to coat the 6082-T6 aluminum alloy to increase the corrosion resistance, namely Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation (PEO), Plasma Spray Ceramic (PSC) and Hard Anodizing (HA). The cross-sectional microstructure analysis revealed that HA coating was less uniform compared to other coatings. PEO coating was well adhered to the substrate despite the thinnest layer among all three coatings, while the PSC coating has an additional loose layer between the coat and the substrate. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed crystalline alumina phases in PEO and PSC coatings while no phase was detected in HA other than an aluminum element. A series of electrochemistry experiments were used to evaluate the corrosion performances of these three types of coatings. Generally, all three-coated aluminum showed better corrosion performances. PEO coating has no charge transfer under all Inductive Coupled Plasma (ICP) tests, while small amounts of Al3+ were released for both HA and PSC coatings at 80 °C. The PEO coating showed the lowest corrosion current density followed by HA and then PSC coatings. The impedance resistance decreased as the immersion time increased, which indicated that this is due to the degradation and deterioration of the protective coatings. The results indicate that the PEO coating can offer the most effective protection to the aluminum substrate as it has the highest enhancement factor under electrochemistry tests compared to the other two coatings.

Sand Free Production Success Through Proven Technology Enabler from An Untapped Heterogeneous Reservoir Zone Utilizing Gravel Pack Replacement Methodology

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Anggoro
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Erosion Resistance ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Screen Design ◽  
Sand Control ◽  
Rules Of Thumb ◽  
Production Success ◽  
Control Technologies ◽  
Gravel Pack

The Belida field is an offshore field located in Block B of Indonesia’s South Natuna Sea. This field was discovered in 1989. Both oil and gas bearing reservoirs are present in the Belida field in the Miocene Arang, Udang and Intra Barat Formations. Within the middle Arang Formation, there are three gas pay zones informally referred to as Beta, Gamma and Delta. These sand zones are thin pay zones which need to be carefully planned and economically exploited. Due to the nature of the reservoir, sand production is a challenge and requires downhole sand control. A key challenge for sand control equipment in this application is erosion resistance without inhibiting productivity as high gas rates and associated high flow velocity is expected from the zones, which is known to have caused sand control failure. To help achieve a cost-effective and easily planned deployment solution to produce hydrocarbons, a rigless deployment is the preferred method to deploy downhole sand control. PSD analysis from the reservoir zone suggested from ‘Industry Rules of Thumb’ a conventional gravel pack deployment as a means of downhole sand control. However, based on review of newer globally proven sand control technologies since adoption of these ‘Industry Rules of Thumb’, a cost-effective solution could be considered and implemented utilizing Ceramic Sand Screen technology. This paper will discuss the successful application at Block B, Natuna Sea using Ceramic Sand Screens as a rigless intervention solution addressing the erosion / hot spotting challenges in these high rate production zones. The erosion resistance of the Ceramic Sand Screen design allows a deployment methodology directly adjacent to the perforated interval to resist against premature loss of sand control. The robust ceramic screen design gave the flexibility required to develop a cost-effective lower completion deployment methodology both from a challenging make up in the well due to a restrictive lubricator length to the tractor conveyancing in the well to land out at the desired set depth covering the producing zone. The paper will overview the success of multi-service and product supply co-operation adopting technology enablers to challenge ‘Industry Rules of Thumb’ replaced by rigless reasoning as a standard well intervention downhole sand control solution where Medco E&P Natuna Ltd. (Medco E&P) faces sand control challenges in their high deviation, sidetracked well stock. The paper draws final attention to the hydrocarbon performance gain resulting due to the ability for choke free production to allow drawing down the well at higher rates than initially expected from this zone.

BRIDGEPORT 54

Alloy Digest ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Erosion Resistance ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Good Strength ◽  
High Corrosion ◽  
Copper Zinc ◽  
Strength And Ductility

Abstract Bridgeport 54 is a copper-zinc-aluminum alloy having high corrosion and erosion resistance combined with good strength and ductility. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as heat treating and machining. Filing Code: Cu-141. Producer or source: Bridgeport Brass Company.

Effect of the Dispersion of Nanosized Carbides (NbC - TaC) in the Sintered Microstructure of the Stainless Steel 316L

2008 ◽  
Vol 591-593 ◽  
pp. 294-298
Author(s):  
Uilame Umbelino Gomes ◽  
L.A. Oliveira ◽  
S.R.S. Soares ◽  
M. Furukava ◽  
C.P. Souza
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Vacuum Furnace ◽  
Nanosized Particles ◽  
Stainless Steel 316L ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Sintered Stainless Steel ◽  
20 Nm ◽  
Hardness Values

Sintered stainless steel has a wide range of applications mainly in the automotive industry. Properties such as wear resistance, density and hardness can be improved by addition of nanosized particles of refractory carbides. The present study compares the behavior of the sintering and hardness of stainless steel samples reinforced with NbC or TaC (particles size less than 20 nm) synthesized at UFRN. The main aim of this work was to identify the effect of the particle size and dispersion of different refractory carbides in the hardness and sintered microstructure. The samples were sintered in a vacuum furnace. The heating rate, sintering temperature and times were 20°C/min, 1290°C and 30, 60 min respectively. We have been able to produce compacts with a relative density among 95.0%. The hardness values obtained were 140 HV for the reinforced sample and 76 HV for the sample without reinforcement.

Study the effect of casting temperature on details from thermo-plastic materials

2020 ◽  
pp. 42-45
Author(s):  
J.A. Kerimov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Mold Temperature ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Casting Temperature ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Field Equipment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

The implementation of plastic details in various constructions enables to reduce the prime cost and labor intensity of machine and device manufacturing, decrease the weight of design and improve their quality and reliability at the same time. The studies were carried out with the aim of labor productivity increase and substitution of colored and black metals with plastic masses. For this purpose, the details with certain characteristics were selected for further implementation of developed technological process in oil-gas industry. The paper investigates the impact of cylinder and compression mold temperature on the quality parameters (shrinkage and hardness) of plastic details in oil-field equipment. The accessible boundaries of quality indicators of the details operated in the equipment of exploration, drilling and exploitation of oil and gas industry are studied in a wide range of mode parameters. The mathematic dependences between quality parameters (shrinkage and hardness) of the details on casting temperature are specified.

Nanoemulsions: A Versatile Technology for Oil and Gas Applications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nouf AlJabri ◽  
Nan Shi
Keyword(s):  
Droplet Size ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Small Droplet ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Nanoemulsions (NEs) are kinetically stable emulsions with droplet size on the order of 100 nm. Many unique properties of NEs, such as stability and rheology, have attracted considerable attention in the oil industry. Here, we review applications and studies of NEs for major upstream operations, highlighting useful properties of NEs, synthesis to render these properties, and techniques to characterize them. We identify specific challenges associated with large-scale applications of NEs and directions for future studies. We first summarize useful and unique properties of NEs, mostly arising from the small droplet size. Then, we compare different methods to prepare NEs based on the magnitude of input energy, i.e., low-energy and high-energy methods. In addition, we review techniques to characterize properties of NEs, such as droplet size, volume fraction of the dispersed phase, and viscosity. Furthermore, we discuss specific applications of NEs in four areas of upstream operations, i.e., enhanced oil recovery, drilling/completion, flow assurance, and stimulation. Finally, we identify challenges to economically tailor NEs with desired properties for large-scale upstream applications and propose possible solutions to some of these challenges. NEs are kinetically stable due to their small droplet size (submicron to 100 nm). Within this size range, the rate of major destabilizing mechanisms, such as coalescence, flocculation, and Ostwald ripening, is considerably slowed down. In addition, small droplet size yields large surface-to-volume ratio, optical transparency, high diffusivity, and controllable rheology. Similar to applications in other fields (food industry, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, etc.), the oil and gas industry can also benefit from these useful properties of NEs. Proposed functions of NEs include delivering chemicals, conditioning wellbore/reservoir conditions, and improve chemical compatibility. Therefore, we envision NEs as a versatile technology that can be applied in a variety of upstream operations. Upstream operations often target a wide range of physical and chemical conditions and are operated at different time scales. More importantly, these operations typically consume a large amount of materials. These facts not only suggest efforts to rationally engineer properties of NEs in upstream applications, but also manifest the importance to economically optimize such efforts for large-scale operations. We summarize studies and applications of NEs in upstream operations in the oil and gas industry. We review useful properties of NEs that benefit upstream applications as well as techniques to synthesize and characterize NEs. More importantly, we identify challenges and opportunities in engineering NEs for large-scale operations in different upstream applications. This work not only focuses on scientific aspects of synthesizing NEs with desired properties but also emphasizes engineering and economic consideration that is important in the oil industry.

Energy Harvesting Under Harsh Conditions for the Oil & Gas Upstream Industry

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Correia ◽  
Cátia Rodrigues ◽  
Ricardo Esteves ◽  
Ricardo Cesar Bezerra de Melo ◽  
José Gutiérrez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Gas Extraction ◽  
Power Monitoring ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
First Time ◽  
Harsh Conditions

Abstract Environmental and safety sensing is becoming of high importance in the oil and gas upstream industry. However, present solutions to feed theses sensors are expensive and dangerous and there is so far no technology able to generate electrical energy in the operational conditions of oil and gas extraction wells. In this paper it is presented, for the first time in a relevant environment, a pioneering energy harvesting technology based on nanomaterials that takes advantage of fluid movement in oil extraction wells. A device was tested to power monitoring systems with locally harvested energy in harsh conditions environment (pressures up to 50 bar and temperatures of 50ºC). Even though this technology is in an early development stage this work opens a wide range of possible applications in deep underwater environments and in Oil and Gas extraction wells where continuous flow conditions are present.

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