Effects of Single and Compound Electrolyte Electrolyzed Cathode Waters on Mechanical Property and Hydration Reaction of Concrete

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 366-375
Author(s):  
Liang Wang ◽  
Hongzhu Quan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Property ◽  
Calcium Hydroxide ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Small Extent ◽  
Hydration Reaction ◽  
Growth Ratio ◽  
Electrolyzed Water ◽  
Ordinary Concrete ◽  
Porosity Reduction ◽  
Strength Improvement

In this study, two kinds of different electrolyzed cathode water were used to prepare the concrete, the effects on mechanical property and hydration reaction of concrete were determined ultimately. Taking the influence of air-entraining admixture into consideration, the blank control test was also conducted. The experiment results showed that the single and compound electrolyte electrolyzed water both can effectively improve the strength of ordinary concrete, and the differences in strength between these two kinds of electrolyzed water concrete were not significant. To a small extent, the air-entraining admixtures would affect the activity of electrolyzed water and decrease the growth ratio of strength due to resistance effect. TG/DTA results test showed the calcium hydroxide amount of electrolyzed water concrete was obviously higher than that of natural tap water concrete at each age. In other words, the electrolyzed water in concrete can promote and boost the hydration reaction to produce more C–S–H gels and calcium hydroxide, leading to strength improvement and porosity reduction of concrete. In addition, the influence of the reaction between CO2–3 ions in electrolyzed water and calcium hydroxide on the increase of strength was little.

scholarly journals Comparison of Different Home/Commercial Washing Strategies for Ten Typical Pesticide Residue Removal Effects in Kumquat, Spinach and Cucumber

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yangliu Wu ◽  
Quanshun An ◽  
Dong Li ◽  
Jun Wu ◽  
Canping Pan
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Pesticide Residue ◽  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Active Oxygen ◽  
Alkaline Solutions ◽  
Electrolyzed Water ◽  
Pyrethroid Pesticides ◽  
Oxygen Solution ◽  
Alkaline Electrolyzed Water

Home processing can reduce pesticide residues in agricultural products, and the common forms of treatment include washing, peeling, blanching, and cooking. In this study, the removal effects of tap water, micron calcium solution, alkaline electrolyzed water (AlEW), ozone water, active oxygen, and sodium bicarbonate on 10 typical pesticide residues in kumquat, cucumber, and spinach were investigated. The residue magnitudes were determined by chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS, LC-MS/MS), combined with the QuEChERS pretreatment method. The model tests showed that the results of soaking and greenhouse were close. The removal effects of pesticide residues in kumquat and cucumber washing by alkaline electrolyzed water with a high pH value, micron calcium, and active oxygen solution were better than other washing solutions. The sodium bicarbonate solution, ozone water, and active oxygen solution were more effective in reducing pesticide residues in spinach than others. Active oxygen solution showed a better removal efficiency for the 10 pesticides than other treatments because of its alkalinity and oxidizability. Among the ten pesticides, pyrethroid pesticides had a higher removal rate. Additionally, chlorpyrifos were the most difficult to remove. For the majority of pesticides, the pesticide residue magnitudes showed a gradual reduction when increasing the washing time. The results indicated that alkaline solutions were effective for the reduction of pesticide residues when the washing time was longer than 15 min.

Toxicity, mutagenicity and stability assessment of simply produced electrolyzed water as a wound healing agent in vitro

2020 ◽  
pp. 096032712095215 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Reis ◽  
H Sipahi ◽  
O Dinc ◽  
T Kavaz ◽  
M Charehsaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Mutagenic Activity ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
L929 Cell ◽  
Metabolic Activation ◽  
Strong Acid ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Electrolyzed Water ◽  
Healing Agent

Over the last decade, electrolyzed water (EW) produced by salt and tap water has gained importance due to its antimicrobial effects. Regarding to chlorine-based compounds, EW also used in post-harvest safety of food processing and sterilization of surfaces. The latest studies suggested that EW might act as wound healing agent due to anti-infective and cell proliferative properties. In this study, we evaluated acute contact cytotoxicity in L929 mice fibroblast cells and wound healing activity of EWs in vitro. In addition, mutagenic activity was evaluated by Ames test with and without metabolic activation by S9 fraction and the stability profile of freshly prepared EWs has been followed up. According to the results, strong acid (StAEW) and mixed EW (MEW) showed dose-dependent cytotoxicity due to possible high HOCl concentration, while slightly acidic and catholyte EW (CEW) were not cytotoxic even applied directly for 30 sec. Further, StAEW and CEW showed a significant increase in L929 cell migration in scratch assay. Likewise, with/ without metabolic activation, neither of EWs had shown mutagenic profile in TA 98 and TA100 strains of Salmonella typhimurium. Follow-up of ORP (oxidation-reduction potential), pH and FCC (free chlorine concentration) showed that temperature and light were important storage conditions to maintain a stable profile particularly for ORP and FCC, which are the most important indicators for biological activity of EW. According to the present findings, it can be suggested that particularly StAEW, may represent a valuable wound healing agent with an achievable, economical and easy production system when stored under proper conditions.

scholarly journals Efficiency of Different Electrolytes on Electrochemical Chloride Extraction to Recover Concrete Structures under Chloride-Induced Corrosion

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Thamara Tofeti Lima ◽  
Ki Yong Ann
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Hydroxide ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Corrosion Damage ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Optimal Decision ◽  
Cement Matrix ◽  
Lithium Borate ◽  
Concrete Deterioration ◽  
Chloride Induced Corrosion ◽  
Electrochemical Chloride Extraction

Chloride-induced corrosion is one of the main causes of concrete deterioration and imposes a challenge to sustainability. Traditional techniques to repair corroded structures consisted of basically removing the damaged area, which was either economical or sustainable. Therefore, electrochemical chloride extraction (ECE) gained popularity for being an efficient nondestructive treatment applied temporarily to structures. On this line, this manuscript aims to raise the efficiency of ECE by an optimal decision of the treatment setup concerning the electrolyte choice. Three different electrolytes were tested, namely, tap water, calcium hydroxide, and lithium borate. Experimental results pointed to lithium borate as the most efficient electrolyte for extracting chlorides while calcium hydroxide was a better choice to repassivate the structure and even heal cracks, due to a possible electrodeposition of the electrolyte ions on the cement matrix. Thus, depending on the main goal of the treatment, different electrolytes achieve a better performance, which highlights the importance of pretreatment evaluation to see in which stage of corrosion damage is the structure.

The Role of Sodium Hydroxide in the System C3A-CaSO4-H2O at 30°C

1986 ◽  
Vol 85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanaa Youssef Ghorab ◽  
Safaa Hussein Abou El Fetouh
Keyword(s):  
Solid Solution ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Calcium Hydroxide ◽  
Hydration Product ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Alkaline Solutions ◽  
Hydration Reaction ◽  
X Ray Diffraction

ABSTRACTThe hydration reaction of C3A with gypsum (molar ratio = 1:1.5) has been studied in water and in sodium hydroxide solutions at 30°C. The hydration product were analyzed microscopically and by means of X-ray diffraction. The concentration of sulfate and aluminum in solution was determined spectrophotometrically. In the absence of alkali, the amount of ettringite formed passes through a maximum and is accompanied by almost complete consumption of sulphate ion in solution. Alkali depresses the formation of ettringite and accelerates that of calcium hydroxide. The monosulfate hydrate appears immediately in alkaline solutions and water then reappears after a day as a solid solution with the tetracalcium aluminate hydrate. The formation of the monophase solid solution is accompanied by the consumption of C3A, ettringite, and calcium hydroxide and by an increase in the amount of the dissolved aluminum. The presence of alkali markedly increases the initial sulfate ion concentration from solution.

Decontamination Efficiency of Slightly Acidic Electrolyzed Water on Fresh-Cut Cucumbers

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhuqing Liu ◽  
Yu Dong ◽  
Wenshan Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Aerobic Bacteria ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite Solution ◽  
Alternative Technique ◽  
Electrolyzed Water ◽  
Hypochlorite Solution ◽  
Microbial Counts ◽  
Fresh Cut

The efficacy of slightly acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW, 20 mg/l of available chlorine) and sodium hypochlorite solution (NaClO, 120 mg/l of available chlorine) used as potential sanitizers for fresh-cut cucumbers was evaluated. SAEW with a near-neutral pH value (5.0 to 6.5) and lower available chlorine concentration (ACC) had an equivalent or higher efficiency to reduce microbial counts on the cucumbers compared to NaClO solution. A 5-minute treatment of SAEW and NaClO solution significantly reduced the indigenous aerobic bacteria on cucumbers by 1.62 and 1.51 log10 CFU/g, and molds and yeasts by 1.35 and 1.12 log10 CFU/g, respectively (P < 0.05). The reduction of microbial counts on cucumbers by tap water was markedly less than that by SAEW and NaClO solution (P < 0.05). Results indicate that SAEW provides an alternative technique for sanitization of fresh-cut vegetables with environmentally friendly broad spectrum microbial decontamination.

Effect of Calcined Coal Gangue on the Mechanical Property and Microstructure of Magnesium Phosphate Cement

2012 ◽  
Vol 174-177 ◽  
pp. 943-946 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Hou ◽  
Jin Hong Li ◽  
Ling Xin Tong ◽  
Qi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Property ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Setting Time ◽  
Ammonium Phosphate ◽  
Coal Gangue ◽  
Magnesium Phosphate ◽  
Cement Matrix ◽  
Hydration Reaction ◽  
Result Show ◽  
Long Time

Calcined coal gangue was used as active addition of magnesium phosphate cement (MPC). Influence of calcined coal gangue addition on the setting time, mechanical property, mineral phase, and microstructure of MPC had been studied. The prescription was designed as following: the ratio of mono ammonium phosphate to magnesia was 0.25 in mass, additive amount of calcined coal gangue was 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% to the total mass of magnesia and mono ammonium phosphate respectively, borax additive amount was 0.06 to other raw materials. The result show that calcined coal gangue could extend the final setting time and improve the early strength of MPC. The MPC obtained its maximum compressive strength of 94.9 MPa and 95 MPa with the calcined coal guage content is 0% and 10% respectively. The particles of calcined coal gangue powder filled in the voids of cement matrix as framework and had effect on microstructure. Furthermore, calcined coal guage might participate the hydration reaction in a long age and form a cementing product which result in improvement of MPC’s long time strength.

scholarly journals Quantitative Determination of Calcium Hydroxide by Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy

2018 ◽  
Vol 765 ◽  
pp. 300-304
Author(s):  
Tanyapa Sangpongpitthaya ◽  
Alfred A. Christy ◽  
Rein Terje Thorstensen
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Quantitative Determination ◽  
Calcium Hydroxide ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Calcium Silicate ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Concrete Structures ◽  
Steel Structures ◽  
Hydration Reaction

Calcium hydroxide (CH) is a by-product from hydration reaction of cement along with calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) gel. It helps to protect the steel reinforcements in concrete structures from corrosion process due to carbonation. The presence of calcium hydroxide provides a basic environment (pH˃10) that induces the formation of passive oxide film and keeps steel structures from corrosion. The detection and quantification of calcium hydroxide in concrete structures are important to understand the nature and state of the steel structures in concretes. In this research work, the variation of calcium hydroxide to calcium silicate ratios in cement were measured by using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR). The first overtone of the OH groups in calcium hydroxide absorbs at 7082 cm-1and this absorption peak can be used as a quantitative measure of calcium hydroxide in samples. Correlation plot between second derivative absorbance intensity at 7082 cm-1with different mixtures of calcium hydroxide in calcium silicate base. The amount of calcium hydroxide in calcium silicate base was established. This calibration plot was used as basis for determining calcium hydroxide content in unknown concrete samples. Concrete samples for the quantitative determination of calcium hydroxide were prepared from standard cement samples and cement samples with or without pozzolan along with various water to cement ratios. The results show that all samples analyzed in this work contain calcium hydroxide in varying amounts. This variation reflects the composition of the cement and concrete samples.

scholarly journals Mechanical Property of Ceramics Green Body by Binderless Shaping through the Hydration Reaction on Powder Surfaces

2008 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 423-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Shirai ◽  
Masaki Yasuoka ◽  
Yoshiaki Kinemuchi ◽  
Yuji Hotta ◽  
Shoichi Kume ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Property ◽  
Hydration Reaction ◽  
Green Body

Reduction of Escherichia coli O157:H7 on Produce by Use of Electrolyzed Water under Simulated Food Service Operation Conditions

2009 ◽  
Vol 72 (9) ◽  
pp. 1854-1861 ◽  
Author(s):  
PHILIPUS PANGLOLI ◽  
YEN-CON HUNG ◽  
LARRY R. BEUCHAT ◽  
C. HAROLD KING ◽  
ZHI-HUI ZHAO
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Food Service ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Electrolyzed Water ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
Iceberg Lettuce

Treatment of fresh fruits and vegetables with electrolyzed water (EW) has been shown to kill or reduce foodborne pathogens. We evaluated the efficacy of EW in killing Escherichia coli O157:H7 on iceberg lettuce, cabbage, lemons, and tomatoes by using washing and/or chilling treatments simulating those followed in some food service kitchens. Greatest reduction levels on lettuce were achieved by sequentially washing with 14-A (amperage) acidic EW (AcEW) for 15 or 30 s followed by chilling in 16-A AcEW for 15 min. This procedure reduced the pathogen by 2.8 and 3.0 log CFU per leaf, respectively, whereas washing and chilling with tap water reduced the pathogen by 1.9 and 2.4 log CFU per leaf. Washing cabbage leaves for 15 or 30 s with tap water or 14-A AcEW reduced the pathogen by 2.0 and 3.0 log CFU per leaf and 2.5 to 3.0 log CFU per leaf, respectively. The pathogen was reduced by 4.7 log CFU per lemon by washing with 14-A AcEW and 4.1 and 4.5 log CFU per lemon by washing with tap water for 15 or 30 s. A reduction of 5.3 log CFU per lemon was achieved by washing with 14-A alkaline EW for 15 s prior to washing with 14-A AcEW for 15 s. Washing tomatoes with tap water or 14-A AcEW for 15 s reduced the pathogen by 6.4 and 7.9 log CFU per tomato, respectively. Application of AcEW using procedures mimicking food service operations should help minimize cross-contamination and reduce the risk of E. coli O157:H7 being present on produce at the time of consumption.

scholarly journals New Clinical Applications of Electrolyzed Water: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 136
Author(s):  
Pianpian Yan ◽  
Eric Banan-Mwine Daliri ◽  
Deog-Hwan Oh
Keyword(s):  
Tap Water ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Potential Significance ◽  
Electrolyzed Water ◽  
Dental Clinics ◽  
Main Action ◽  
Action Modes

As the situation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is still deteriorating, there has been a huge increase in the demand and use of disinfectants. Electrolyzed water (EW), as a novel broad-spectrum disinfectant and cleaner, has been widely used for several years. EW can be produced in an electrolysis chamber which contains dilute salt and tap water. It is an effective antimicrobial and antibiofilm agent, with several advantages such as on-the-spot, cheap, environmentally friendly and safe for human beings. Therefore, EW holds potential significance for high-risk settings in hospitals and other clinical facilities. EW can also be applied for wound healing, advanced tissue care, and dental clinics. The present review article highlights the latest developments and new perspectives of EW, especially in clinical fields. Furthermore, the main action modes of antibiofilm and antimicrobial will be summarized.

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