Magnetooptical Effect of Immersion of Nonmagnetic Macroscopic Objects in the Ferrofluid

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vishakha Dave ◽  
(Late) Rajesh Patel ◽  
Rasbindu V. Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Magnetooptical Effect ◽  
Macroscopic Objects

Quantum fluctuations have been shown to affect macroscopic objects

Nature ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 583 (7814) ◽  
pp. 31-32
Author(s):  
Valeria Sequino ◽  
Mateusz Bawaj
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Fluctuations ◽  
Macroscopic Objects

scholarly journals Classical sub-subleading soft photon and soft graviton theorems in four spacetime dimensions

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Biswajit Sahoo
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transformation ◽  
Soft Photon ◽  
Scattering Process ◽  
Retarded Time ◽  
Long Wavelength ◽  
Macroscopic Objects ◽  
Loop Amplitudes

Abstract Classical soft photon and soft graviton theorems determine long wavelength electromagnetic and gravitational waveforms for a general classical scattering process in terms of the electric charges and asymptotic momenta of the ingoing and outgoing macroscopic objects. Performing Fourier transformation of the electromagnetic and gravitational waveforms in the frequency variable one finds electromagnetic and gravitational waveforms at late and early retarded time. Here extending the formalism developed in [1], we derive sub-subleading electromagnetic and gravitational waveforms which behave like u−2(ln u) at early and late retarded time u in four spacetime dimensions. We also have derived the sub-subleading soft photon theorem analyzing two loop amplitudes in scalar QED. Finally, we conjectured the structure of leading non-analytic contribution to (sub)n-leading classical soft photon and graviton theorems which behave like u−n(ln u)n−1 for early and late retarded time u.

How Physical Interactions Shape Bacterial Biofilms

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Berenike Maier
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Bacterial Biofilms ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Extracellular Matrix Components ◽  
Macroscopic Objects ◽  
Physical Interactions ◽  
Repulsive Forces ◽  
Biofilm Structure

Biofilms are structured communities formed by a single or multiple microbial species. Within biofilms, bacteria are embedded into extracellular matrix, allowing them to build macroscopic objects. Biofilm structure can respond to environmental changes such as the presence of antibiotics or predators. By adjusting expression levels of surface and extracellular matrix components, bacteria tune cell-to-cell interactions. One major challenge in the field is the fact that these components are very diverse among different species. Deciphering how physical interactions within biofilms are affected by changes in gene expression is a promising approach to obtaining a more unified picture of how bacteria modulate biofilms. This review focuses on recent advances in characterizing attractive and repulsive forces between bacteria in correlation with biofilm structure, dynamics, and spreading. How bacteria control physical interactions to maximize their fitness is an emerging theme. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Biophysics, Volume 50 is May 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

A New Magnetooptical Effect Discovered on Magnetic Multilayers: The Magnetorefractive Effect

1995 ◽  
Vol 384 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Jacquet ◽  
T. Valet
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Optical Transmission ◽  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Wavelength Region ◽  
Magnetic Multilayers ◽  
Light Wavelength ◽  
Metallic Multilayers ◽  
Magnetooptical Effect ◽  
Transmission Measurements ◽  
Magnetorefractive Effect

ABSTRACTWe show theoretically that the change in the magnetization structure of magnetic metallic multilayers under the application of a magnetic field shall be generally associated with a significant change of the refractive index. This constitutes a new magnetooptical effect: the magnetorefractive effect.Optical transmission measurements under an applied magnetic field through [Ni80Fe20/Cu/Co/Cu] multilayers, in the light wavelength region between 2 μm and 20 μm, clearly demonstrate the existence of the predicted effect and are found in reasonnable agreement with the theoretical calculations.

Loose Ends

2019 ◽  
pp. 217-238
Author(s):  
Neil E. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Laws Of Nature ◽  
Macroscopic Objects ◽  
Primary Focus

The aim of this final chapter is to tie up some of the loose ends in the powers metaphysic. The first part of the chapter discusses what a powers theorist might say about the laws of nature. A hybrid powers-based account of the laws is offered that combines fundamental lawlessness with a best-systems account. Attention then shifts to macroscopic objects. The primary focus of the book has been on the fundamental powers; here the focus turns to the dispositions of middle-sized dry goods and the question of macroscopic persistence. In considering the former, something of a proto-analysis of macroscopic dispositionality is offered. The chapter ends with a discussion of systematic metaphysics.

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