Preparation of Micro/Nanostructure TiO2 Spheres by Controlling Pollen as Hard Template and Soft Template

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 7228-7233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaohui Yang ◽  
Bin Xu ◽  
Xuehong Zhang ◽  
Xiuqin Song ◽  
Rufen Chen
Keyword(s):  
Soft Template ◽  
Hard Template

Template Synthesis to Fabrication of 3D Ordered Hierarchical Materials

2012 ◽  
Vol 602-604 ◽  
pp. 1355-1358
Author(s):  
Ren Chun Yang ◽  
Feng Yun Ma ◽  
Ding Xing Tang
Keyword(s):  
Pore Structure ◽  
Template Synthesis ◽  
Colloidal Crystals ◽  
Hydrolysis Rate ◽  
Soft Template ◽  
Template Method ◽  
Hard Template ◽  
Hierarchical Materials ◽  
The Difference

To construct 3D ordered hierarchical materials, Si, Al and Ti colloids precursors were controlled prepared via dual template method in which the colloidal crystals and P123 acted as hard-template and soft-template, respectively. The results showed that ordered hierarchical SiO2, Al2O3 and TiO2 were successfully prepared. The difference of the structure of samples suggested that hydrolysis rate of the precursors play an important role on pore structure of the samples.

scholarly journals Review of Research on Template Methods in Preparation of Nanomaterials

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yadian Xie ◽  
Duygu Kocaefe ◽  
Chunying Chen ◽  
Yasar Kocaefe
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Synthetic Methods ◽  
Soft Template ◽  
Template Method ◽  
Hard Template ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Particle Size And Structure ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The nanomaterials have been widely used in various fields, such as photonics, catalysis, and adsorption, because of their unique physical and chemical properties. Therefore, their production methods are of utmost importance. Compared with traditional synthetic methods, the template method can effectively control the morphology, particle size, and structure during the preparation of nanomaterials, which is an effective method for their synthesis. The key for the template method is to choose different templates, which are divided into hard template and soft template according to their different structures. In this paper, the effects of different types of templates on the morphology of nanomaterials during their preparation are investigated from two aspects: hard template and soft template, combined with the mechanism of action.

scholarly journals g-C3N4: Properties, Pore Modifications, and Photocatalytic Applications

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
Jiaqi Dong ◽  
Yue Zhang ◽  
Muhammad Irfan Hussain ◽  
Wenjie Zhou ◽  
Yingzhi Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pore Structure ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Soft Template ◽  
Template Method ◽  
Hard Template ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Template Free ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Photocatalytic Applications ◽  
Hard Template Method

Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), as a polymeric semiconductor, is promising for ecological and economical photocatalytic applications because of its suitable electronic structures, together with the low cost, facile preparation, and metal-free feature. By modifying porous g-C3N4, its photoelectric behaviors could be facilitated with transport channels for photogenerated carriers, reactive substances, and abundant active sites for redox reactions, thus further improving photocatalytic performance. There are three types of methods to modify the pore structure of g-C3N4: hard-template method, soft-template method, and template-free method. Among them, the hard-template method may produce uniform and tunable pores, but requires toxic and environmentally hazardous chemicals to remove the template. In comparison, the soft templates could be removed at high temperatures during the preparation process without any additional steps. However, the soft-template method cannot strictly control the size and morphology of the pores, so prepared samples are not as orderly as the hard-template method. The template-free method does not involve any template, and the pore structure can be formed by designing precursors and exfoliation from bulk g-C3N4 (BCN). Without template support, there was no significant improvement in specific surface area (SSA). In this review, we first demonstrate the impact of pore structure on photoelectric performance. We then discuss pore modification methods, emphasizing comparison of their advantages and disadvantages. Each method’s changing trend and development direction is also summarized in combination with the commonly used functional modification methods. Furthermore, we introduce the application prospects of porous g-C3N4 in the subsequent studies. Overall, porous g-C3N4 as an excellent photocatalyst has a huge development space in photocatalysis in the future.

scholarly journals Mesoporous Carbon in the Global World

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Maria Ulfa
Keyword(s):  
Mesoporous Carbon ◽  
Soft Template ◽  
Template Method ◽  
Carbon Precursor ◽  
Fuel Production ◽  
Structure Form ◽  
Hard Template ◽  
Great Opportunity ◽  
Global World ◽  
Year 2000

This review provided information about the development of the synthesis aspect, preparation and application of mesoporous carbon in the global world based on research phenomenon on 100 mesoporous carbon papers published by Elsevier, ACS dan Springer during 25 year. Review results showed that researcher began to leave sucrose and switch to non-sucrose as carbon precursor. Researchers used sucrose about 90% in 1995-2000 and in 2010-2015 decrease to become 40%. Otherwise those using non-sucrose in 1995-2000 only 10%, recently increase to 60%. For the method used to synthesis the mesoporous carbon researcher prefer used soft template (about 75 %) before year 2000 and hard template (about 60%) in 2000-2010, but now the method used with soft templates, hard templates and combinations of both are balanced. From year 1995 until 2015 total researcher used sucrose as carbon precursor about 50% and researchers about 40% using hard template method, 35% using soft template method and the others using combination both of them. Structure form of the amorphous carbons are grown, from wormholes, cubic, until hexagonal, and modification to these fours forms. Physical properties such as pore size, surface area, and structural order were developed for better performance year to year. Mesoporous carbon application up to 60% were used in the fuel production and refineries, but the other using on the communication tenhnologies and medical areas. All of the mesoporous carbon in the global world shows that mesoporous carbon is a future material which has a great opportunity to develop especially in Indonesia and other developing countries. Indonesia have  various natural resources as a carbon source, so in the future Indonesia are expected as one of the countries of mesoporous carbon supplier<br /><p> </p>

Double Templating Synthesis and Electrochemical Properties of Carbon Foams

2011 ◽  
Vol 347-353 ◽  
pp. 3400-3403
Author(s):  
Yang Li ◽  
Ming Xian Liu ◽  
Li Hua Gan ◽  
Liang Yang ◽  
Zi Jie Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Properties ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Soft Template ◽  
Electrochemical Performances ◽  
Galvanostatic Charge ◽  
Hard Template ◽  
Pore Size Distributions ◽  
Carbon Foams ◽  
Charge Discharge

In this paper, we demonstrated the synthesis and electrochemical properties of carbon foams for use as supercapacitor electrode materials. Carbon foams were prepared by double templating method in which emulsion and nanosilica were used as soft template and hard template, respectively. By using Span 80 and Tween 80 as emulsifiers, resorcinol/formaldehyde aqueous solution which contained nanosilica as aqueous phase and 1iquid paraffin as oil phase, an O/W emulsion was obtained. Carbon foams were obtained by emulsion polymerization, carbonization and the subsequent removal of the hard template. The as-prepared carbon foams were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analyzer, and electrochemical workstation. The results indicate that the resultant carbon foams have specific surface area of 160 m2/g, total pore volume of 0.15 cm3/g and possess dual pore size distributions with macropore sizes of 0.5-2.0 μm and the most probable pore size of 4.1 nm. The electrochemical properties of the carbon foams have been investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge- discharge with a three-electrode system in electrolyte of 6 mol/L KOH solution. The CV curves of the carbon foams show rectangular-like shape without obvious oxidation-reduction evolution peak, which suggests a typical nonfaradic adsorption/desorption reaction. The carbon foams present linear galvanostatic charge-discharge curve under the current densities of 1.0-5.0 A/g and their specific capacitance values are 60-90 F/g. The good electrochemical performances of carbon foams would provide candidate as electrode materials for supercapacitors.

scholarly journals A facile template-assisted electrodeposition approach to porous Cu/Cu2O nanowires

RSC Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (48) ◽  
pp. 30215-30221
Author(s):  
Jin Zhang ◽  
Jia Hao Ma ◽  
Jingyuan Bai ◽  
Dalong Yang ◽  
Meilin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymeric Micelles ◽  
Soft Template ◽  
Hard Template ◽  
Electrodeposition Method ◽  
Polycarbonate Membranes

A novel dual-template assisted electrodeposition method to fabricate Cu/Cu2O porous nanowires (PNs) using polymeric micelles as a soft template and polycarbonate membranes as a hard template is reported.

scholarly journals Ordered Mesoporous Carbons as Novel and Efficient Adsorbent for Dye Removal from Aqueous Solution

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phuong T. Dang ◽  
Hoa T. H. Nguyen ◽  
Canh D. Dao ◽  
Giang H. Le ◽  
Quang K. Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Soft Template ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Mesoporous Carbons ◽  
Hard Template ◽  
Ordered Mesoporous Carbons ◽  
Ordered Mesoporous ◽  
Mb Adsorption

Ordered mesoporous carbons (OMCs) were successfully synthesized by using hard template and soft template methods. These materials were characterized by XRD, TEM, and N2adsorption-desorption Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET). From the obtained results, it is revealed that the obtained OMCs samples showed high surface area (>1000 m2/g) with high pore volume, mainly mesopore volume (1.2–2.4 cm3/g). Moreover, OMCs samples had similar structure of the SBA-15 silica and exhibited high MB adsorption capacity withqmof 398 mg·g−1for OMCs synthesis with hard template and 476 mg·g−1for OMCs synthesis with soft template, respectively. From kinetics investigation, it is confirmed that MB adsorption from aqueous solution obeys the pseudo-second-order kinetic equation.

Positive Role of Synthesis Method and Hard Template on the Catalytic Performance of SAPO-34 in Methanol to Olefin Reaction.

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sajjad Rimaz ◽  
Reza Katal
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Hard Template ◽  
Structure Directing Agent ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Methanol To Olefin ◽  
Dg Method ◽  
Synthesis Procedure

: In the present study, SAPO-34 particles were synthesized using hydrothermal (HT) and dry gel (DG) conversion methods in the presence of diethyl amine (DEA) as an organic structure directing agent (SDA). Carbon nanotubes (CNT) were used as hard template in the synthesis procedure to introduce transport pores into the structures of the synthesized samples. The synthesized samples were characterized with different methods to reveal effects of synthesis method and using hard template on their structure and catalytic performance in methanol to olefin reaction (MTO). DG conversion method results in smaller particle size in comparison with hydrothermal method, resulting in enhancing catalytic performance. On the other side, using CNT in the synthesis procedure with DG method results in more reduction in particle size and formation of hierarchical structure which drastically improves catalytic performance.

Soft template-mediated coupling construction of sandwiched mesoporous PPy/Ag nanoplates for rapid and selective NH3 sensing

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (13) ◽  
pp. 8308-8316
Author(s):  
Facai Wei ◽  
Yonghui Zhong ◽  
Hao Luo ◽  
Yong Wu ◽  
Jianwei Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Sensing ◽  
Liquid Interface ◽  
Soft Template ◽  
One Step ◽  
Construction Strategy ◽  
Sensing Performance

We propose a facile soft template-mediated coupling construction strategy for one-step fabrication of sandwiched mesoporous PPy/Ag nanoplates at the liquid interface, and the hybrid showed great chemical sensing performance for NH3 gas.

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