Polymer Embedded Nanocrystalline Titania Sorbent for 99Mo-99mTc Generator

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 4447-4452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rubel Chakravarty ◽  
Rakesh Shukla ◽  
Shyamla Gandhi ◽  
Ramu Ram ◽  
Ashutosh Dash ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saline Solution ◽  
Average Pore Size ◽  
Average Crystallite Size ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Nano Crystalline ◽  
99Mtc Generator

A new sorbent material, polymer embedded nano crystalline titania (Titanium Polymer-TiP) has been developed, from titanium (IV) chloride and isopropyl alcohol, for the adsorption of 99Mo, which is a precursor to 99mTc, a workhorse in radio-pharmaceuticals. The infrared absorption spectra of the TiP showed peaks corresponding to Ti-O groups. X-ray diffraction pattern of the adsorbent corresponded to rutile TiO2. The surface area of this polymer was 30 m2/g with an average pore size of 40 nm. The average crystallite size of TiO2, embedded in polymer, was found to be 5 nm. TEM micrograph of the adsorbent revealed the networkof polymer with dispersed titania phase. Potential of this adsorbent for the preparation of 99Mo-99mTc generator has been explored. 99Mo could be adsorbed on to the adsorbent column containing TiP at pH 1 from which 99mTc could be eluted with normal (0.9%) saline solution with an elution yield of ∼80%. The quality of the 99mTcO−4 obtained was in accordance with the international specifications applicable for radiopharmaceutical use. A process demonstration run was carried out with 1.1 GBq (30 mCi) 99Mo activity level making use of the above adsorbent and consistent results were obtained over a period of one week, which is generally the shelf life of 99Mo-99mTc generator.

scholarly journals Fabrication of Porous Bone Scaffolds Using Alginate and Bioactive Glass

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Hatton ◽  
Graham Roy Davis ◽  
Abdel-Hamid I. Mourad ◽  
Nizamudeen Cherupurakal ◽  
Robert G. Hill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Glass ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Composite Scaffold ◽  
Average Pore Size ◽  
Amorphous Structure ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Novel Material

Porous composite scaffold using an alginate and bioactive glass ICIE16M was synthesized by a simple freeze-drying technique. The scaffold was characterized using compression testing, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray microtomography (XMT) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The bioactivity of the scaffold was evaluated by its ability to form apatite on its surface in simulated body fluid (SBF). The data collected showed evidence that the novel material produced had an appropriate pore size for osteoconduction, with an average pore size of 110 µm and maximum pore size of 309 µm. Statistical analysis confirmed that the glass filler significantly (P < 0.05) increased the collapse yield of the scaffolds compared with pure alginate scaffolds. The ICIE16M glass had an amorphous structure, favorable for bioactivity.

scholarly journals Analysis of Crystallinity and Physical Properties of the Bio-solar Gemstone

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 151-160
Author(s):  
Ismail Ismail ◽  
Akmal NIzar ◽  
Murzal . ◽  
Zulkarnain Jalil
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Crystallite Size ◽  
Average Crystallite Size ◽  
Crystalline Material ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray

Abstract – Bio-solar is one of the natural gemstones found in the province of Aceh in Indonesia. A recent study suggested that this gemstone could be considered as a vesuvianite type of gemstone. Nevertheless, detail information of this bio-solar gemstone is still unknown. We do not know whether the bio-solar gemstone is crystalline or amorphous. The specific gravity and the hardness of this gemstone are also still unknown. This information is essential to determine the quality of a gem. To answer those questions, we have used x-ray diffraction to study the bio-solar gemstone from the province of Aceh in Indonesia. The physical properties (specific gravity and hardness) of this gemstone have also been measured. We found that the bio-solar gemstone is composed by CaO, SiO2, MgO, Al2O3, Fe2O3, and TiO2 phases. Our results revealed that the bio-solar gem is a crystalline material, not amorphous. The average crystallite size of this gemstone is found to be 353 Å (35 nm). Moreover, the specific gravity of bio-solar gemstone is found to be 3.09 – 3.34. Its hardness is 3 to 4 mohs. Thus, the bio-solar is a good quality gemstone. Our finding confirmed that the bio-solar could be classified as a vesuvianite gemstone.

Electrochemical Fabrication of Porous Interconnected Copper Foam

2021 ◽  
Vol 902 ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
Mary Donnabelle L. Balela ◽  
Reginald E. Masirag ◽  
Francis O. Pacariem Jr. ◽  
Juicel Marie D. Taguinod
Keyword(s):  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Pore Diameter ◽  
Average Pore Size ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Copper Foam ◽  
Electrochemical Fabrication ◽  
Cu Foam

An interconnected copper network or copper foam was successfully fabricated by electrochemical deposition using polyethylene glycol (PEG) and sodium bromide (NaBr) as additives. Both the amount of PEG and the current density were varied to obtain a Cu foam with the smallest pore diameter and wall thickness. The increasing amount of PEG resulted in a decrease in pore diameter. However, the wall thickness of the Cu network was increased. At 800 mg/L PEG and 20 mM NaBr, the average pore size of the foam was about 11.03 µm. Dendritic formation was also observed on the walls of the Cu foam. Further, higher current density resulted in increased dendritic growth. X-ray diffraction confirms that the Cu foam was spontaneously oxidized in air, leading to the formation of cuprous oxide (Cu2O).

Obtaining Ceramic Filter from Rice Husk and Kaolinitic Clay

2014 ◽  
Vol 802 ◽  
pp. 232-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.P.A. Souza ◽  
F.V. Motta ◽  
R.G. Carvalho ◽  
W. Acchar ◽  
E. Harima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pore Size ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Average Pore Size ◽  
Mercury Porosimetry ◽  
Standard Technique ◽  
Ceramic Filter ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Kaolinitic Clay

In this study, different compositions based on rice husk carbon and kaolinitic clay aimed at obtaining ceramic filter were studied. Three compositions of 40, 60 and 80% rice husk of the total mass were prepared. The specimens were uniaxially compressed in rectangular shape at pressure of 28 MPa and were sintered at temperatures of 1100oC, 1150oC and 1200oC for 1 h. The sintered samples were characterized according to standard technique for linear shrinkage, water absorption, apparent porosity and flexural strength. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was also performed to check the average pore size, and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) to verify existing crystalline phases, chemical analysis and mercury porosimetry. The X-ray diffraction results showed mostly alpha quartz peaks and mullite after sintering. Mercury porosimetry showed porosity of 44.33% and average pore size of approximately 8.33 μm for sample with 60% rice husk sintered at 1200°C.

scholarly journals X-ray diffraction analysis of kaolin M1 and M2 via the Williamson–Hall and Warren–Averbach methods

2021 ◽  
pp. 174751982098472
Author(s):  
Lalmi Khier ◽  
Lakel Abdelghani ◽  
Belahssen Okba ◽  
Djamel Maouche ◽  
Lakel Said
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Diffraction Analysis ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Integral Breadth ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mullite Phase

Kaolin M1 and M2 studied by X-ray diffraction focus on the mullite phase, which is the main phase present in both products. The Williamson–Hall and Warren–Averbach methods for determining the crystallite size and microstrains of integral breadth β are calculated by the FullProf program. The integral breadth ( β) is a mixture resulting from the microstrains and size effect, so this should be taken into account during the calculation. The Williamson–Hall chart determines whether the sample is affected by grain size or microstrain. It appears very clearly that the principal phase of the various sintered kaolins, mullite, is free from internal microstrains. It is the case of the mixtures fritted at low temperature (1200 °C) during 1 h and also the case of the mixtures of the type chamotte cooks with 1350 °C during very long times (several weeks). This result is very significant as it gives an element of explanation to a very significant quality of mullite: its mechanical resistance during uses at high temperature remains.

Study of the quality of GaAs thin film on Si substrate by X-ray diffraction method

1990 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 308-311
Author(s):  
Li Chaorong ◽  
Mai Zhenhong ◽  
Cui Shufan ◽  
Zhou Junming ◽  
Yutian Wang
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Diffraction Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Si Substrate ◽  
X Ray

scholarly journals High temperature structural study of decagonal Al-Cu-Rh quasicrystal.

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (a1) ◽  
pp. C94-C94
Author(s):  
Pawel Kuczera ◽  
Walter Steurer
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Configurational Entropy ◽  
Lattice Vibrations ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Stabilization Mechanism ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Comparative Structure ◽  
The Stability

The structure of d(ecagonal)-Al-Cu-Rh has been studied as a function of temperature by in-situ single-crystal X-ray diffraction in order to contribute to the discussion on energy or entropy stabilization of quasicrystals (QC) [1]. The experiments were performed at 293 K, 1223 K, 1153 K, 1083 K, and 1013 K. A common subset of 1460 unique reflections was used for the comparative structure refinements at each temperature. The results obtained for the HT structure refinements of d-Al-Cu-Rh QC seem to contradict a pure phasonic-entropy-based stabilization mechanism [2] for this QC. The trends observed for the ln func(I(T1 )/I(T2 )) vs.|k⊥ |^2 plots indicate that the best on-average quasiperiodic order exists between 1083 K and 1153 K, however, what that actually means is unclear. It could indicate towards a small phasonic contribution to entropy, but such contribution is not seen in the structure refinements. A rough estimation of the hypothetic phason instability temperature shows that it would be kinetically inaccessible and thus the phase transition to a 12 Å low T structure (at ~800 K) is most likely not phason-driven. Except for the obvious increase in the amplitude of the thermal motion, no other significant structural changes, in particular no sources of additional phason-related configurational entropy, were found. All structures are refined to very similar R-values, which proves that the quality of the refinement at each temperature is the same. This suggests, that concerning the stability factors, some QCs could be similar to other HT complex intermetallic phases. The experimental results clearly show that at least the ~4 Å structure of d-Al-Cu-Rh is a HT phase therefore entropy plays an important role in its stabilisation mechanism lowering the free energy. However, the main source of this entropy is probably not related to phason flips, but rather to lattice vibrations, occupational disorder unrelated to phason flips like split positions along the periodic axis.

Crystalline and Electrical Properties of Ferroelectric Silver Niobate-tantalate thin Films

2000 ◽  
Vol 655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung-Hyuk Koh ◽  
S.I. Khartsev ◽  
Alex Grishin ◽  
Vladimir Petrovsky
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Stability ◽  
Frequency Dispersion ◽  
Processing Temperature ◽  
High Temperature Stability ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Ferroelectric State ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ferroelectric Hysteresis ◽  
First Time

AbstractFor the first time AgTa0.38Nb0.62O3 (ATN) films have been grown on the La0.7Sr0.3CoO3 (LSCO)/LaAlO3 single crystal as well as onto Pt80Ir20 (PtIr) polycrystalline substrate. Comprehensive X-ray diffraction analyses reveal epitaxial quality of ATN and LSCO films on the LaAlO3(001) substrate, while ATN/PtIr films have been found to be (001) preferentially oriented. Dielectric spectroscopy performed for ATN films and bulk ceramics in a wide temperature range 77 to 420 K shows the structural monoclinic M1-to-monoclinic M2 phase transition occurs in films at the temperature 60 °C lower than in ceramics. The tracing of the ferroelectric hysteresis P-E loops indicates the ferroelectric state in ATN films at temperatures below 125 K and yields remnant polarization of 0.4 μC/cm2 @ 77 K. Weak frequency dispersion, high temperature stability of dielectric properties as well as low processing temperature of 550 °C make ATN films to be attractive for various applications.

Characterization of Natural and Synthesized FeTiO3 Crystals With RBS/PIXE/XRD

1997 ◽  
Vol 07 (03n04) ◽  
pp. 265-275
Author(s):  
R. Q. Zhang ◽  
S. Yamamoto ◽  
Z. N. Dai ◽  
K. Narumi ◽  
A. Miyashita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystals ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Floating Zone ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Beam Analysis ◽  
Ppm Level

Natural FeTiO 3 (illuminate) and synthesized FeTiO 3, single crystals were characterized by Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy combined with channeling technique and particle-induced x-ray emission (RBS-C and PIXE). The results obtained by the ion beam analysis were supplemented by the x-ray diffraction analysis to identify the crystallographic phase. Oriented single crystals of synthesized FeTiO 3 were grown under the pressure control of CO 2 and H 2 mixture gas using a single-crystal floating zone technique. The crystal quality of synthesized FeTiO 3 single crystals could be improved by the thermal treatment but the exact pressure control is needed to avoid the precipitation of Fe 2 O 3 even during the annealing procedure. Natural FeTiO 3 contains several kinds of impurities such as Mn , Mg , Na and Si . The synthesized samples contain Al , Si and Na which are around 100 ppm level as impurities. The PBS-C results of the natural sample imply that Mn impurities occupy the Fe sublattice in FeTiO 3 or in mixed phase between ilmenite and hematite.

The Effect of Different Methods to Pretreat Reed Pulp on the Crystallinity of Microcrystalline Cellulose

2014 ◽  
Vol 1056 ◽  
pp. 12-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Long Zhang ◽  
Wen Long Zhao ◽  
Ya Jie Dai
Keyword(s):  
Crystallite Size ◽  
Microcrystalline Cellulose ◽  
Average Crystallite Size ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Type I ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Dimethyl Acetamide ◽  
Crystal Type

Reed Pulp was Raw Material that Pretreated by Four Methods {ultrasonic, Microwave, N, N-Dimethyl Acetamide (DMAc) and Tetrahydrofuran (THF)}. Reed Microcrystalline Cellulose (MCC) was Prepared by the Dilute Hydrochloric Acid Hydrolysis from Pretreated Reed Pulp. the Influences of Pretreatment Methods on Crystalline Type, Crystallinity and Crystallite Size of MCC were Investigated by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). the Results Showed that the Crystallinity of MCC with Four Pretreatment Methods was 68.45%, 62.28%, 63.21% and 69.56%, Respectively. the Average Crystallite Size of MCC Prepared by Hydrolysis after Pretreated by Dmac was the Largest. whereas, the Crystal Type of MCC was Not Changed, it was still the Cellulose Type I. Comprehensive Analysis Indicated that the Effects of MCC Prepared by Hydrolysis after Pretreated by Ultrasonic were the Best.

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