Hysteresis in a Carbon Nanotube Based Electroactive Polymer Microfiber Actuator: Numerical Modeling

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 3974-3979 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiwon Sohn ◽  
Su Ryon Shin ◽  
Sang Jun Park ◽  
Seon Jeong Kim ◽  
Byung-Ju Yi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Numerical Model ◽  
Electrical Potential ◽  
Hysteretic Behavior ◽  
Electroactive Polymer ◽  
Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Micro Scale ◽  
Polymer Actuators ◽  
Electrical Potentials ◽  
Polymer Actuator

Hysteretic behavior is an important consideration for smart electroactive polymer actuators in a wide variety of nano/micro-scale applications. We prepared an electroactive polymer actuator in the form of a microfiber, based on single-wall carbon nanotubes and polyaniline, and investigated the hysteretic characteristics of the actuator under electrical potential switching in a basic electrolyte solution. For actuation experiments, we measured the variation of the length of the carbon-nanotube-based electroactive polymer actuator, using an Aurora Scientific Inc. 300B Series muscle lever arm system, while electrical potentials ranging from 0.2 V to 0.65 V were applied. Based on the classical Preisach hysteresis model, we presented and validated a numerical model that described the hysteretic behavior of the carbon-nanotube-based electroactive polymer actuator. Inverse hysteretic behavior was also simulated using the model to demonstrate its capability to predict an input from a desired output. This numerical model of hysteresis could be an effective approach to micro-scale control of carbon-nanotube-based electroactive polymer actuators in potential applications.

A Multistable Linear Actuation Mechanism Based on Artificial Muscles

2010 ◽  
Vol 132 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahim Mutlu ◽  
Gürsel Alıcı
Keyword(s):  
Polyvinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Microelectromechanical Systems ◽  
Angular Displacement ◽  
Input Voltage ◽  
Electroactive Polymer ◽  
Artificial Muscles ◽  
Rectilinear Motion ◽  
Polymer Actuators ◽  
Actuation Mechanism ◽  
Polymer Actuator

In this paper, we report on a multistable linear actuation mechanism articulated with electroactive polymer actuators, widely known as artificial muscles. These actuators, which can operate both in wet and dry media under as small as 1.0 V potential difference, are fundamentally cantilever beams made of two electroactive polymer layers (polypyrrole) and a passive polyvinylidene fluoride substrate in between the electroactive layers. The mechanism considered is kinematically analogous to a four-bar mechanism with revolute-prismatic-revolute-prismatic pairs, converting the bending displacement of a polymer actuator into a rectilinear movement of an output point. The topology of the mechanism resembles that of bistable mechanisms operating under the buckling effect. However, the mechanism proposed in this paper can have many stable positions depending on the input voltage. After demonstrating the feasibility of the actuation concept using kinematic and finite element analyses of the mechanism, experiments were conducted on a real mechanism articulated with a multiple number (2, 4, or 8) of electroactive polymer actuators, which had dimensions of 12×2×0.17 mm3. The numerical and experimental results demonstrate that the angular displacement of the artificial muscles is accurately transformed into a rectilinear motion by the proposed mechanism. The higher the input voltage, the larger the rectilinear displacement. This study suggests that this multistable linear actuation mechanism can be used as a programmable switch and/or a pump in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) by adjusting the input voltage and scaling down the mechanism further.

Controllable and durable ionic electroactive polymer actuator based on nanoporous carbon nanotube film electrode

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 085032 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Ru ◽  
Changsheng Bian ◽  
Zicai Zhu ◽  
Yanjie Wang ◽  
Junshi Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Nanoporous Carbon ◽  
Electroactive Polymer ◽  
Film Electrode ◽  
Carbon Nanotube Film ◽  
Polymer Actuator

Back-Relaxation of Carbon-Based Ionic Electroactive Polymer Actuators

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veiko Vunder ◽  
Andres Punning ◽  
Alvo Aabloo
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Excited State ◽  
Side Effect ◽  
Electroactive Polymer ◽  
Initial Shape ◽  
Polymer Actuators ◽  
Water Based ◽  
Polymer Actuator ◽  
Carbon Based

Back-relaxation — a phenomenon, where the ionic electro-active polymer actuator in its excited state decays back towards its initial shape — is commonly associated with the aqueous IPMC and explained with leak of water. Regardless of the absence of the fluent liquid, the dry actuators with electrodes made of carbon and ionic liquid as electrolyte, exhibit similar side effect. We show that by means of their long-term transient spatial actuation, moment of force, and back-relaxation, the behavior of the carbon-based actuators is comparable to the water-based IPMC actuators.

Impact of carbon nanotube additives on carbide-derived carbon-based electroactive polymer actuators

Carbon ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (12) ◽  
pp. 4351-4358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viljar Palmre ◽  
Janno Torop ◽  
Mati Arulepp ◽  
Takushi Sugino ◽  
Kinji Asaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Electroactive Polymer ◽  
Polymer Actuators ◽  
Carbide Derived Carbon ◽  
Carbon Based

scholarly journals The strain-generated electrical potential in cartilaginous tissues: a role for piezoelectricity

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-100
Author(s):  
Philip Poillot ◽  
Christine L. Le Maitre ◽  
Jacques M. Huyghe
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Response ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Electrical Potential ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Piezoelectric Response ◽  
Mechanical Forces ◽  
Streaming Potentials ◽  
Cartilaginous Tissues ◽  
Electrical Potentials

AbstractThe strain-generated potential (SGP) is a well-established mechanism in cartilaginous tissues whereby mechanical forces generate electrical potentials. In articular cartilage (AC) and the intervertebral disc (IVD), studies on the SGP have focused on fluid- and ionic-driven effects, namely Donnan, diffusion and streaming potentials. However, recent evidence has indicated a direct coupling between strain and electrical potential. Piezoelectricity is one such mechanism whereby deformation of most biological structures, like collagen, can directly generate an electrical potential. In this review, the SGP in AC and the IVD will be revisited in light of piezoelectricity and mechanotransduction. While the evidence base for physiologically significant piezoelectric responses in tissue is lacking, difficulties in quantifying the physiological response and imperfect measurement techniques may have underestimated the property. Hindering our understanding of the SGP further, numerical models to-date have negated ferroelectric effects in the SGP and have utilised classic Donnan theory that, as evidence argues, may be oversimplified. Moreover, changes in the SGP with degeneration due to an altered extracellular matrix (ECM) indicate that the significance of ionic-driven mechanisms may diminish relative to the piezoelectric response. The SGP, and these mechanisms behind it, are finally discussed in relation to the cell response.

Preparation of a Functional Enzyme–Carbon Nanotube Complex by the Immobilization of Superoxide Dismutase on Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 349-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. K. Shishkova ◽  
Yu. I. Khodyrevskaya ◽  
A. G. Kutikhin ◽  
M. S. Rybakov ◽  
R. A. Mukhamadiyarov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Single Wall Carbon

Electroactive polymer actuators as artificial muscles: are they ready for bioinspired applications?

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 045006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Carpi ◽  
Roy Kornbluh ◽  
Peter Sommer-Larsen ◽  
Gursel Alici
Keyword(s):  
Electroactive Polymer ◽  
Artificial Muscles ◽  
Polymer Actuators

Cellophane as a biodegradable electroactive polymer actuator

2004 ◽  
Vol 112 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chung-Hwan Je ◽  
Kwang J Kim
Keyword(s):  
Electroactive Polymer ◽  
Polymer Actuator
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