Elastic Vesicles for Transdermal Drug Delivery of Hydrophilic Drugs: A Comparison of Important Physicochemical Characteristics of Different Vesicle Types

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 613-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vassiliki Ntimenou ◽  
Alfred Fahr ◽  
Sophia G. Antimisiaris
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Transdermal Drug Delivery ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Hydrophilic Drugs ◽  
Elastic Vesicles

scholarly journals Enhancing Permeation of Drug Molecules Across the Skin via Delivery in Nanocarriers: Novel Strategies for Effective Transdermal Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Qun Yu ◽  
Xue Yang ◽  
Xiao-Fang Wu ◽  
Yi-Bin Fan
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Stratum Corneum ◽  
Transdermal Delivery ◽  
Transdermal Drug Delivery ◽  
Hydrophilic Drugs ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Drug Molecules ◽  
Systemic Side Effects ◽  
Route Of Delivery ◽  
Transdermal Route

The transdermal route of administration provides numerous advantages over conventional routes i.e., oral or injectable for the treatment of different diseases and cosmetics applications. The skin also works as a reservoir, thus deliver the penetrated drug for more extended periods in a sustained manner. It reduces toxicity and local irritation due to multiple sites for absorption and owes the option of avoiding systemic side effects. However, the transdermal route of delivery for many drugs is limited since very few drugs can be delivered at a viable rate using this route. The stratum corneum of skin works as an effective barrier, limiting most drugs’ penetration posing difficulty to cross through the skin. Fortunately, some non-invasive methods can significantly enhance the penetration of drugs through this barrier. The use of nanocarriers for increasing the range of available drugs for the transdermal delivery has emerged as a valuable and exciting alternative. Both the lipophilic and hydrophilic drugs can be delivered via a range of nanocarriers through the stratum corneum with the possibility of having local or systemic effects to treat various diseases. In this review, the skin structure and major obstacle for transdermal drug delivery, different nanocarriers used for transdermal delivery, i.e., nanoparticles, ethosomes, dendrimers, liposomes, etc., have been discussed. Some recent examples of the combination of nanocarrier and physical methods, including iontophoresis, ultrasound, laser, and microneedles, have also been discussed for improving the therapeutic efficacy of transdermal drugs. Limitations and future perspectives of nanocarriers for transdermal drug delivery have been summarized at the end of this manuscript.

Transdermal drug delivery enhanced and controlled by erbium:YAG laser: a comparative study of lipophilic and hydrophilic drugs

2001 ◽  
Vol 75 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 155-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Woan-Ruoh Lee ◽  
Shing-Chuan Shen ◽  
Hsien-Hung Lai ◽  
Chung-Hong Hu ◽  
Jia-You Fang
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Transdermal Drug Delivery ◽  
Hydrophilic Drugs ◽  
Erbium:Yag Laser

Biodegradable 3D Printed Polymer Microneedles for Transdermal Drug Delivery

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Luzuriaga ◽  
Danielle R. Berry ◽  
John C. Reagan ◽  
Ronald A. Smaldone ◽  
Jeremiah J. Gassensmith
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Transdermal Drug Delivery ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Modeling Software ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Microfabrication Technique ◽  
Mechanical Strengths

Biodegradable polymer microneedle (MN) arrays are an emerging class of transdermal drug delivery devices that promise a painless and sanitary alternative to syringes; however, prototyping bespoke needle architectures is expensive and requires production of new master templates. Here, we present a new microfabrication technique for MNs using fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing using polylactic acid, an FDA approved, renewable, biodegradable, thermoplastic material. We show how this natural degradability can be exploited to overcome a key challenge of FDM 3D printing, in particular the low resolution of these printers. We improved the feature size of the printed parts significantly by developing a post fabrication chemical etching protocol, which allowed us to access tip sizes as small as 1 μm. With 3D modeling software, various MN shapes were designed and printed rapidly with custom needle density, length, and shape. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed that our method resulted in needle tip sizes in the range of 1 – 55 µm, which could successfully penetrate and break off into porcine skin. We have also shown that these MNs have comparable mechanical strengths to currently fabricated MNs and we further demonstrated how the swellability of PLA can be exploited to load small molecule drugs and how its degradability in skin can release those small molecules over time.

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