Isolation and Physicochemical Characterization of Melanin from Ova of Rana chensinensis

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 651-656
Author(s):  
Zhili Sheng ◽  
Shiyu Wu ◽  
Danyang Wang ◽  
Yuhua Wang ◽  
Chunhong Piao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extraction Method ◽  
Protein Extraction ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Infrared Spectrometry ◽  
Rana Chensinensis ◽  
Naoh Solution ◽  
Development And Utilization

Melanin was widely used in the food, pharmaceutical, and chemical industries. In this study, melanin was isolated from the ova of Rana chensinensis (OORC) by means of enzymatic hydrolysis assisted with NaOH. Infrared spectrometry, elemental analyzer, and UV-VIS absorption spectroscopy were performed to explore optimal protein extraction methods and physicochemical characterization of extracted OORC melanin. The results showed that OORC melanin was mainly composed of amino, hydroxy, C=C, C=O, CH2, CH, and aromatic ring groups. The S:N ratio in the OORC melanin was 0.05, consisting mostly of eumelanin and a little protein. The optimal protein extraction method was 0.66 mol/L NaOH, 40 °C for 87 min, and the suitable ratio of NaOH solution to raw material was 20.7:1. This research was aimed at providing a reference for the development and utilization of melanin.

scholarly journals Optimization of Protein Extraction Method for 2DE Proteomics of Goat’s Milk

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 2625
Author(s):  
Muzammeer Mansor ◽  
Jameel R. Al-Obaidi ◽  
Nurain Nadiah Jaafar ◽  
Intan Hakimah Ismail ◽  
Atiqah Farah Zakaria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extraction Method ◽  
Protein Extraction ◽  
Chloroform Solution ◽  
Milk Proteins ◽  
Peptide Mass Fingerprinting ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Goat’S Milk ◽  
Peptide Mass ◽  
Goat's Milk

Two-dimensional electrophoretic (2DE)-based proteomics remains a powerful tool for allergenomic analysis of goat’s milk but requires effective extraction of proteins to accurately profile the overall causative allergens. However, there are several current issues with goat’s milk allergenomic analysis, and among these are the absence of established standardized extraction method for goat’s milk proteomes and the complexity of goat’s milk matrix that may hamper the efficacy of protein extraction. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacies of three different protein extraction methods, qualitatively and quantitatively, for the 2DE-proteomics, using milk from two commercial dairy goats in Malaysia, Saanen, and Jamnapari. Goat’s milk samples from both breeds were extracted by using three different methods: a milk dilution in urea/thiourea based buffer (Method A), a triphasic separation protocol in methanol/chloroform solution (Method B), and a dilution in sulfite-based buffer (Method C). The efficacies of the extraction methods were assessed further by performing the protein concentration assay and 1D and 2D SDS-PAGE profiling, as well as identifying proteins by MALDI-TOF/TOF MS/MS. The results showed that method A recovered the highest amount of proteins (72.68% for Saanen and 71.25% for Jamnapari) and produced the highest number of protein spots (199 ± 16.1 and 267 ± 10.6 total spots for Saanen and Jamnapari, respectively) with superior gel resolution and minimal streaking. Six milk protein spots from both breeds were identified based on the positive peptide mass fingerprinting matches with ruminant milk proteins from public databases, using the Mascot software. These results attest to the fitness of the optimized protein extraction protocol, method A, for 2DE proteomic and future allergenomic analysis of the goat’s milk.

scholarly journals Are streamflow recession characteristics really characteristic?

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 817-828 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Stoelzle ◽  
K. Stahl ◽  
M. Weiler
Keyword(s):  
Extraction Method ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Catchment Scale ◽  
Model Parameterization ◽  
Recession Curves ◽  
Recession Analysis ◽  
Meso Scale

Abstract. Streamflow recession has been investigated by a variety of methods, often involving the fit of a model to empirical recession plots to parameterize a non-linear storage–outflow relationship based on the dQ/dt−Q method. Such recession analysis methods (RAMs) are used to estimate hydraulic conductivity, storage capacity, or aquifer thickness and to model streamflow recession curves for regionalization and prediction at the catchment scale. Numerous RAMs have been published, but little is known about how comparably the resulting recession models distinguish characteristic catchment behavior. In this study we combined three established recession extraction methods with three different parameter-fitting methods to the power-law storage–outflow model to compare the range of recession characteristics that result from the application of these different RAMs. Resulting recession characteristics including recession time and corresponding storage depletion were evaluated for 20 meso-scale catchments in Germany. We found plausible ranges for model parameterization; however, calculated recession characteristics varied over two orders of magnitude. While recession characteristics of the 20 catchments derived with the different methods correlate strongly, particularly for the RAMs that use the same extraction method, not all rank the catchments consistently, and the differences among some of the methods are larger than among the catchments. To elucidate this variability we discuss the ambiguous roles of recession extraction procedures and the parameterization of the storage–outflow model and the limitations of the presented recession plots. The results suggest strong limitations to the comparability of recession characteristics derived with different methods, not only in the model parameters but also in the relative characterization of different catchments. A multiple-methods approach to investigating streamflow recession characteristics should be considered for applications whenever possible.

ANATOMICAL AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF AÇAÍ FRUIT FIBER AS AN ALTERNATIVE RAW MATERIAL IN ECOPANELS PRODUCTION

2021 ◽  
pp. 326-341
Author(s):  
Antônio Mesquita Mesquita ◽  
Alba Lucia Ferreira de Almeida Lins ◽  
Nubia Mireya Garzón Barreto ◽  
Sérgio Santos Santos ◽  
Celso Eduardo Bonafé Peres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Raw Material

scholarly journals Exploitation of Wood Waste of Pinus spp for Briquette Production: A Case Study in the Community of San Francisco Pichátaro, Michoacán, Mexico

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 2933 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Morales-Máximo ◽  
V.M. Ruíz-García ◽  
L. B. López-Sosa ◽  
J. G. Rutiaga-Quiñones
Keyword(s):  
San Francisco ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Wood Waste ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Western Mexico ◽  
Pinus Spp ◽  
Solid Type

This study describes the exploitation of wood waste (Pinus spp.) in the form of sawdust and shavings generated during the production of furniture and artisanal items in a community in the state of Michoacán, western Mexico. A process is described to densifying this raw material, to produce solid-type biofuel briquettes that can be used to satisfy the need to generate low-power heat for residential sectors. Briquette production involved six stages: (a) gathering samples of sawdust and shavings from artisanal workshops in the community; (b) proximal characterization of the samples; (c) elaborating the briquettes; (d) physicochemical characterization of the briquettes; (e) evaluation of the physical-thermal combustion of the briquettes; and (f) an economic evaluation of briquette production to determine viability. Finally, we performed a comparative analysis of the energy, economic, and environmental indicators of the briquettes produced and conventional pine and oak firewood (Pinus spp., Quercus spp.) in the study community. The results show the viability of using biomass residues to make briquettes, which are efficient, economic and easy to make and use.

scholarly journals Comparaison Quantitative Et Qualitative Des Huiles Essentielles De Rosmarinus Officinalis Obtenues Par Différentes Méthodes

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 172
Author(s):  
Taha EL Kamli ◽  
Faouzi Errachidi ◽  
Noureddine Eloutassi ◽  
Houmane Majid ◽  
Rachida Chabir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Steam Distillation ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Rotatory Power ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Rosmarinus Officinalis ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Medicinal And Aromatic Plants ◽  
Middle Atlas

Rosmarinus officinalis is among the most abundant medicinal and aromatic plants in Morocco. There are several factors that influence the yield of quality and quantity of essential oils of this plant. This work focuses on the study, characterization and comparison of the chemical composition of essential oils of Rosmarinus officinalis. The raw material studied is originally from the central part of northern Morocco (Skoura M'Daz region, Eastern Middle Atlas). The essential oils of rosemary were obtained by three different extraction methods : DA: Artisanal distillation, the essential oils were obtained directly from small cooperatives using a very traditional (nonindustrial) method and based on the technique of Steam distillation ; DI: Industrial distillation which is also based on Steam distillation; DC: hydrodistillation by clevenger apparatus Laboratory. The physicochemical characterization of essential oils focuses on the search for the yield of % essential oil with regard to the dry rosemary biomass, density, refractive index and rotatory power. The chemical analyzes were carried out by gas chromatography (GC), they identified 11 components representing more than 99.64% of the essential oil and indicate that the chemotype is 1.8 cineole and is varied according to the method (DI: 48.83%, DA: 41.28% and DC: 51.77%). In conclusion we have shown a quantitative and qualitative loss of essential oils due to the extraction method of essential oils, which has direct repercussions on the economy of rural Morocco and consequently on their sustainable development.

scholarly journals Synthesis and characterization of graphene layers from rice husks

2018 ◽  
pp. 12-18
Author(s):  
Makpal Seitzhanova ◽  
Dmitry Chenchik ◽  
Mukhtar Yeleuov ◽  
Zulkhair Mansurov ◽  
Roberto Di Capua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Renewable Resources ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Graphene Layers ◽  
Naoh Solution

In this work, a method of obtaining graphene layers from natural source specifically from rice husk was developed. A rice husk (RH) was used as a raw material, and potassium hydroxide was used as activation agent. The graphene layers were obtained after four successive stages: pre-carbonization, desilication in 1M NaOH solution, chemical activation and exfoliation of the carbonized rice husk (CRH). The obtained samples were studied using Raman spectroscopy, TEM and SEM; the Raman peaks evidenced the presence of graphene multilayers in the sample. A detailed observation of Raman spectroscopy showed that the obtained samples with ratio of 1/4 and 1/5 (RH/KOH) consisted of graphene layers with a high content of amorphous component. The yield of the product was ~ 3% by weight. This study can provide a new way to the large-scale synthesis of low-cost single and multi-layered graphene using rice husk or other renewable resources.

Characterization of tofu produced with different soybean cultivars/ Caracterização de tofu produzido com diferentes cultivares de soja

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 66676-66688
Author(s):  
Sâmara Rodrigues de Oliveira ◽  
Paulo Sérgio Monteiro ◽  
Pedro Ivo Vieira Good God ◽  
Fabrícia Queiroz Mendes
Keyword(s):  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Raw Material Selection

Soybean has good properties for industrial application, including tofu production. Cultivar is one of the major factors that influence food product making potential of soybeans. This study aimed to perform the physicochemical characterization of grains, tofu and okara, as well as the sensory analysis of tofu produced from seven different experimental lines of soybean. CAC TNS showed the lowest 100 grain mass, which was equal to 12.43 g. The protein content of the cultivars showed no significant difference, which ranged from 27.77 % to 36.82 %. For tofu yield, there was no significant difference between all cultivars. Tofu of CP-09, CP-27 and CAC TNS cultivars showed the highest protein concentration and were equal to 12.76 %, 11.58 % e 11.20 %, respectively. Tofu from CP-02, CP-09, CP-12, CAC TN and CAC TNS cultivars had the highest scores for the flavor parameter. However, only tofu from CAC TN and CAC TNS had higher scores for the aroma parameter. Regarding the texture, the tofu from CP-09, CAC TN and CAC TNS showed the highest scores. Thus, CAC TNS cultivar is the most suitable to produce tofu for providing a product with better sensorial acceptance and high nutritional value. The okara obtained from the different cultivars showed considerable amounts of proteins, lipids, minerals and carbohydrates, constituting a potential residue for human consumption. These results could be used as auxiliary guide of tofu manufacturers during raw material selection with characteristics more acceptable by consumers.

scholarly journals CHARACTERIZATION OF CLAY MATERIALS USED FOR POTTERY PURPOSES FROM RENDENG, MALO, BOJONEGORO

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-11
Author(s):  
Dyah Setyaningrum ◽  
Sujiat Sujiat ◽  
Aprilia Nur Azizah
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Clay Material ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Plastic Type ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Fluorescence Spectrometer

Clay material from Rendeng, Malo, Bojonegoro was studied by mineralogy and physicochemical characterization to evaluate its potential suitability as a raw material in pottery application. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform-Infrared (FTIR) spectrometry were used to establish the mineralogy composition. Meanwhile the physical properties were identified by particle size distribution and consistency limits. Chemical composition was carried out by X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometer (XRF).  The results of XRD characterization revealed that clay from Rendeng Village, Malo, Bojonegoro contained  kaolin, quartz, and feldspar. Physical characterization shows that clay material is a less plastic type based on Atterberg method. Based on the chemical compositions indicated that SiO2, Al2O3, CaO, and Fe2O3 were abundance oxides. Therefore, clay from Desa Rendeng was only suitable for the pottery purposes because most of its mineral compositions did not meet the quality requirements for making advanced ceramics.

scholarly journals Contribution to the Study of Useful Natural Materials from Niger: Physicochemical Characterization of Natural Nigerien Clay

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 567-570
Author(s):  
Hassidou Saidou ◽  
Ahmed Hichem Hamzaoui ◽  
Abdoulwaheb Rabhi ◽  
Adel Mnif
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Infrared Spectrometry ◽  
Acidic Ph ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Natural Materials

This paper concerned the physicochemical characterization of a natural Nigerien clay from the Goulbi valley, Djirataoua, department of Madarounfa, Maradi province, Niger republic. Sample clay was characterized using X-rays diffraction spectrometry, infrared spectrometry, laser granulometry, and atomic absorption spectrometry. The results obtained showed that Djirataoua clay is acidic (pH = 5.5) with a low percentage of humidity (3.298%) and a small swelling index (2.141%). This clay contains mainly of quartz (67.67%) and relatively small fractions of other probable minerals.

scholarly journals Extraction and characterization of humic acid from plantation’s solid organic waste composts Ekstraksi dan karakterisasi asam humat dari kompos limbah padat organik perkebunan

2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
LAKSMITA P.SANTI P SANTI ◽  
D H GOENADI ◽  
H WIDIASTUTI ◽  
N MARDIANA ◽  
. ISROI
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Air Atmosphere ◽  
Naoh Solution ◽  
Molecular Weight Fractions ◽  
Cocoa Pod Husks

Ringkasan Kompos dari limbah padat organik (LPO) perkebunan memiliki kandungan asam humat yang relatif tinggi.  Namun, metode ekstraksi dan karakteristik asam humat asal kompos tersebut belum banyak diteliti.   Oleh karena itu suatu rangkaian penelitian dilakukan dengan tujuan memperoleh paket teknologi ekstraksi dan menetapkan karakteristik asam humat asal kompos tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS), kulit buah kakao (KBK), dan sisa pangkasan teh (SPT). Pengomposan dilakukan melalui tahapan pengumpulan limbah organik padat perkebunan, pencacahan, pencampuran dengan bioaktivator, inkubasi dan pemanenan.   Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metode ekstraksi konvensional dengan larutan NaOH dalam atmosfer udara dapat digunakan untuk ekstraksi skala semi pilot.  Jumlah asam humat yang dihasilkan dari kompos asal TKKS dan SPT lebih banyak apabila dibandingkan dengan asam humat asal kompos KBK.  Waktu inkubasi pengomposan dan metode ekstraksi dengan gas N2 atau udara yang digunakan tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap perolehan asam humat.  Pemurnian asam humat asal ketiga jenis LPO perkebunan dengan menggunakan kolom Sephadex G-50 mengindikasikan bahwa asam humat asal kompos TKKS, KBK,  dan SPT tersebut memiliki fraksi bobot molekul rendah serta didominasi oleh asam amino aspartat dan glutamat.  Konsentrasi asam amino dan senyawa karboksilat  tertinggi terdeteksi pada asam humat  asal kompos SPT.  Summary The plantation’s solid organic waste (SOW) composts contain relatively high humic acid  (HA) substances.  However, there is little information on extraction and characteristics of HA from the SOW-originated composts.  An investigation has been conducted to determine  extraction  and characterisation of HA from empty fruit bunches of oil palm (EFBOP), cocoa pod husks (CPH), and tea cutting residues (TCR). Composting was conducted using the method that involved SOW collection, shredding, mixing with bioactivator, incubation, and harvesting. The results showed that conventional extraction method using NaOH solution under air atmosphere  could be used for pilot scale extraction of humic acids (Has).    Amount of humic acid from EFBOP and TCR were higher than that of CPH.  The composting period  and the extraction method under air or N2 gas were not significantly affected  the amount of the humid acid obtained.    Purification of HA extracted from  EFBOP, TCR, and CPH composts by using Sephadex G-50 column  indicated that  EFBOP, TCR, and CPH contained HAs with lower molecular weight fractions and predominated by aspartic and glutamic acids.  The highest concentration of amino acids  and  carboxyl compounds were detected in the TCR-originated compost

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