Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Opportunistic Fungi: Efficient Root Symbionts for the Management of Plant Parasitic Nematodes

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd. Sayeed Akhtar ◽  
Jitendra Panwar
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Opportunistic Fungi ◽  
Root Symbionts ◽  
Plant Parasitic

scholarly journals Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and phosphorus fertilization on post vitro growth of micropropagated Zingiber officinale roscoe

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 765-771 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosilda dos Santos ◽  
Carla Giovana Girardi ◽  
Rosete Pescador ◽  
Sidney Luiz Stürmer
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilization ◽  
Zingiber Officinale Roscoe ◽  
P Application ◽  
Root Symbionts ◽  
Rhizome Biomass ◽  
P Addition

The rhizomes of Zingiber officinale Roscoe (ginger) are widely used for their medicinal and flavoring properties, whereas the influence of root symbionts on their growth is poorly understood. In this study, the effects of phosphate fertilization and inoculation with a mixture of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) (isolates Glomus clarum RGS101A, Entrophospora colombiana SCT115A and Acaulospora koskei SPL102A) on survival, growth and development of micropropagated ginger were investigated. After transplanting to post vitro conditions, the ginger microplants were subjected to the following treatments: a) AMF mixture, b) P addition (25 mg kg-1), c) AMF + P, and d) non-mycorrhizal control without P addition. After eight months of growth, survival ranged from 86 to 100 % in the AMF and AMF+P treatments versus 71 % survival in control and P treatments. In the AMF, P and AMF+P treatments, the shoot, root and rhizome biomass production were significantly larger than in the control plants. In the non-mycorrhizal control plants the leaf number, leaf area, number of shoots/plants, and shoot length were significantly lower than in the AMF, P and AMF+P treatments. Root colonization ranged from 81 to 93 % and was not affected by P application. The data confirmed the response of several growth variables of micropropagated ginger to mycorrhizal colonization and P addition.

scholarly journals Dispersal, distribution and establishment of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: a review

2017 ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Lucía Camargo-Ricalde
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Genetic Compatibility ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
Fungal Genetic ◽  
The Common ◽  
Root Symbionts ◽  
Animal Transport

The aim of this paper is to review and assess scientific literature relevant to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) population dynamics: reproduction and dispersal mechanisms, and establishment and distribution in natural ecosystems. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are obligated root symbionts with an extraordinary capacity for growing, dispersing and surviving, but their life history is not well understood yet. Although there is information concerning AMF dispersal, distribution and establishment, some data are still ambiguous and contradictory. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) life cycle responds to surrounding environment but even when they only reproduce asexually, their populations encompass a high genetic and functional diversity within ecosystems. Environmental disturbances create new habitats for AMF dispersal, which can take place by root to root contact, animal transport and erosion processes. These agents are the common dispersal mechanisms of AMF in nature. Distribution of AMF is influenced mainly by the environment and soil and plant communities, but the specific AMF-host plant association is thought to be secondary because the AMF must invade and colonize any host root for establishment. Thus, inoculum density, host and fungal genetic compatibility, edaphic factors and plant-microbial activity determine the formation of mycorrhizal infections.

scholarly journals Factors Determining the Variability of Performance of Bio-Control Agents against Root-Knot Nematodes in Vegetable Plants

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1602
Author(s):  
Sergio Molinari
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Higher Doses ◽  
Fertilizer Effect

The application of management strategies against plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs), an alternative to the use of toxic nematicides, has become of paramount importance due to the recognized environmental impact. Pre-treatments with bio-control agents (BCAs), such as bio-control fungi (BCF, Trichoderma spp.) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), have been proved to protect many crop plants from endoparasitic sedentary nematodes (ESNs), the most damaging PPN group. However, the use of commercial BCA formulates is not always successful because of an array of variables that influence their performance. One AMF-based and 2 BCF-based commercial formulates were used as soil-drench pre-treatments to protect tomato, egg, and pepper plants from ESN attack. High variability of performance occurred according to the growth stage of treated plants and the amounts of formulates provided per plant. All formulates were highly effective in reducing both root-knot (RKN) and potato cyst (PCN) nematode infection when plants had reached an intermediate growth stage (3.5–5 g plant weight at treatment). However, only specific ranges of doses had to be used. Lower doses were ineffective against nematode attack; higher doses were often toxic to plants. When plants were grown from seeding in BCA-enriched soil, priming against RKNs was even more active. If plants were not challenged by nematodes, BCAs had a low bio-fertilizer effect.

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