scholarly journals Józefa Obrębskiego etnosocjologia Polesia w świetle pytań o jego życie i dzieło. Tytułem wprowadzenia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Engelking
Keyword(s):  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Scientific Field ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
History Of Anthropology ◽  
Scientific Career ◽  
Scientific Biography ◽  
Scientific Discussion ◽  
Current Cycle ◽  
History Of

Józef Obrębski’s ethnosociology of Polesie in light of his life and work. As for introductionThe article provides comments to five articles constituting the cycle entitled ”Józef Obrębski – Ethnosociology – Polesie then and now” and contextualises them in a bio-historical perspective. It presents an outline of Obrębski's scientific biography and reflects upon the causes of his absence in the mainstream history of anthropology and sociology. Although from the point of view of western principles of success Obrębski did not succeeded in his scientific career, he definitely was a remarkable actor of the scientific field. His takeaways and inspirations have started to influence this field not earlier than after his death. The articles included in the current cycle represent one of the examples of contemporary reception of Obrębski's outcome, generating a scientific discussion. Józefa Obrębskiego etnosocjologia Polesia w świetle pytań o jego życie i dzieło. Tytułem wprowadzeniaArtykuł komentuje i kontekstualizuje teksty zamieszczone w cyklu „Józef Obrębski – Etnosocjologia – Polesie wczoraj i dziś”. Przez przedstawienie zarysu drogi naukowej Obrębskiego i refleksję nad przyczynami nieobecności tego uczonego w kanonie historii antropologii i socjologii ustanawia wspólną dla całego cyklu perspektywę biograficzno-historyczną. Mimo że z punktu widzenia zachodnich kategorii sukcesu, Obrębski nie zrobił kariery naukowej, był wybitnym aktorem pola nauki. Jego ustalenia i inspiracje zaczęły wywierać wpływ na to pole dopiero po jego śmierci. Prezentowane teksty są jednym z przykładów współczesnej recepcji Obrębskiego, generującej naukową dyskusję.

Jeffersonian Democracy: a Dual Tradition

1934 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 838-851
Author(s):  
Charles M. Wiltse
Keyword(s):  
Political Philosophy ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Abstract System ◽  
The World ◽  
Action Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
Great Mass

From the great mass of Jefferson's writings, letters, and public utterances, it is possible to select isolated fragments in justification of almost any course one chooses to pursue; and the history of his forty years in the service of his country offers almost as various a pattern. Taking his career and his writings as a whole, however, and piecing together from both the broad outlines of a political philosophy, one is struck by what appears to be a dual emphasis: two diverging streams of thought, which seem at first glance to be incompatible, and which have rendered the great democrat vulnerable to the charge of inconsistency so often repeated in his own day as in ours. One of these emphases, and that most apt to be quoted by campaign orators, is on individualism; but the direction and purpose of the other is socialistic.Both in the abstract system of the philosopher and in the concrete events of the world of action, time has a way of reconciling apparent contradictions. Historical perspective will do much to reveal unsuspected unities, and the point of view from which the inquiry is approached will do the rest.

scholarly journals The evolution of the assessment of smenovekhovtsevs in domestic scientific literature and publicism

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
I. A. Petukhov
Keyword(s):  
Limited Range ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Philosophical Analysis ◽  
Russian Philosophy ◽  
Philosophical Thought ◽  
Scientific Discussion ◽  
Political Criticism ◽  
Political Views ◽  
History Of ◽  
Main Ideas

Introduction. In this article issues, are considered, that are connected with the change of smenovekhovtsy in scientific and political publications of Russian authors in the historical retrospective. The article snows that the initial assessments were greatly defendant on the political environment at the beginning of the XX century when of the articles criticism the entire intellectual class but this tendency gradually evolved in to a more detailed and conscious analysis of the smenovekhovtsy ideas through the lens of the Russian post-revolutionary thought.Materials and Methods. The material of the research is the publications of various authors devoted to the problems of changeover as a philosophical and political trend. To solve the set tasks, the methods of philosophical analysis, interpretation, comparison, generalization are used.Results. The result of the conducted research is the systematization of the history of consideration of the phenomenon of changeover from political criticism to understanding the originality of the originality of the thought of the creators of this movement, including the personality characteristics of N.V. Ustryalov, a description and assessment of his political, scientific, managerial and other activities directly related to the process of the origin and development of the project of change. In general, it can be stated that the philosophical studies of the works and biography of N.V. Ustryalova are devoted to a limited range of topics: an assessment of his activities as a political figure of the white movement, an analysis of his ties with the Bolsheviks, a study of the reasons that served as the basis for the formation of the idea of national bolshevism and a conceptual comparison of this trend with Smenovekhovtsy. Currently, this thematic circle has expanded due to the study of the philosophical and political views of N.V. Ustryalov from the point of view of the influence of Smenovekhovtsy on other trends of Russian social thought in emigration, the originality and patriotism of his works.Discussion and Conclusion. Within the framework of this article, a scientific discussion of well-known experts on the history of changeover is presented and makes it possible to characterize the main ideas of the representatives of this trend. One of the most important issues discussed in the works devoted to the changeover and directly by N.V. Ustryalov, is the question of the originality of smenovekhovtsy as a political and philosophical direction of Russian thought. An important role in the study of N.V. Ustryalov plays the fact of the influence of his ideas on other currents of emigration, Soviet and philosophical thought, understanding of the origins and foundations that served to create smenovekhovtsy and National Bolshevism. Therefore, it can be argued that a deep meaningful analysis of domestic ideas is needed, a study of the history of interpenetration and the influence of the teachings of the smenovekhovtsy on post-revolutionary socio-political and philosophical thought, both inRussia and abroad.Thus, the author was able to form a full-fledged political and philosophical analysis of journalism devoted to the changeover and demonstrate the importance of the ideas of its creators in the history of Russian philosophy.

scholarly journals Kilka uwag o pleonazmach i tautologiach z perspektywy historyka języka

2021 ◽  
pp. 468-477
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Janowska ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Spoken Language ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
Entire History

Some remarks about pleonasms and tautologies from the point of view of a historian of language Summary The problems associated with redundance constitute an object of interest among the researchers of the modern Polish language. From the point of view of a historian, all of these problems are, or perhaps “should be” crucial, for redundance is a conditio which facilitates the existence of such an entity as language – in time. However, a historical perspective which could demonstrate at least the scale of this phenomenon in the entire history of the Polish language heretofore has not been provided. The article is devoted to instances of pleonasm and tautological structures, their variability and stability. As it turns out, many of them are relatively permanent; they have functioned in the Polish language for centuries. Even though they have received criticism in e.g. dictionaries of modern Polish usage, treated as erroneous in various teaching-related publications, they continue to appear in the spoken language and in texts which represent various styles, e.g: w dniu dzisiejszym (which has been a part of the Polish lexicon since at least the 16th century), cofać się do tyłu, miesiąc kwiecień etc. This fact prompts us to re-evaluate their status.

scholarly journals The Notion of Disability and Related Research Terminology: Discussion Points

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikhail Stroganov
Keyword(s):  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Healthy Person ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Alternative Possibilities ◽  
Sense Organs ◽  
Disabled People ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Related Research ◽  
History Of

The history of civilization is also the history of incapacitation and the use of new artificial appliances and practices gradually introduced at every stage of humanity’s development in order to help people survive regardless of the laws of natural selection. This article considers the terminology related to the sphere of disability and bodily deviation through a historical perspective while also focusing on forms of representation and their comprehension by society. The author demonstrates that the term “deviation” serves to classify people with disabilities and forms of their representation. People with a bodily deviation can be easily portrayed from the point of view of the visual, with artistic attention to them reaching its climax between the seventeenth and the early nineteenth centuries. In such works, disabled people try to overcome the stigma and start being perceived like everyone else. Starting with the early nineteenth century, works of fiction refer to deviant sense organs. Only in the twentieth century did writers start focusing on deviant psyches and minds, which were previously associated with deviations in social behaviour. The author maintains that the terminology of disability relies on the existing universal bodily norm describing it and its deviations. A person with a bodily deviation is perceived as a disabled one when they are perceived as ‘the other’. When compared with a ‘healthy’ person, a deviant is taken as a disabled one; when considered separately, a deviant is a person with alternative possibilities. From this perspective, disability is part of a paradigm of otherness (age, gender, and nationality).

Issues Related to Science in the Quran

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (118) ◽  
pp. 64-73
Author(s):  
R.F. Naýryzbaeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Science ◽  
Religious Studies ◽  
Scientific Field ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Spiritual Support ◽  
Holy Quran ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Holy Quran ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

There is no doubt that a person and a people with a strong spiritual support have a great future. Therefore, the scientific study of the Quran is of great importance. The theoretical foundations of this problem are relevant both in the history of religious studies and the philosophy of religion, as well as in the scientific field of natural science and the humanities. Considering the Islamic worldview from the point of view of the humanities, natural (physical) and other sciences allows young people to delve into all areas of science without understanding religion, the Koran as a dogmatic Secret doctrine, and initiates becoming a member of a spiritually conscious society. The article considers The Holy Quran as a divine book based on science, knowledge, teaching and education. The Quran covers all areas of science. In other words, the Quran contains a lot of information from various fields of science: physics, astronomy, astrophysics, chemistry, biology, mathematics, medicine, Economics, Pedagogy, Psychology, Embryology, Geology, Philosophy, Cultural studies, Natural science, Religious studies, and many others. Therefore, the Quran is a source of inexhaustible science. As science and technology develop, the truth of the Quran is also confirmed. The article notes that the Koran is a real book that has not lost its value over the centuries, its wonders are inexhaustible, useful for the happiness and prosperity of all mankind. The connection between the subject of physics and the topics contained in the Koran, sacred words, verses, and prayers is also considered.

scholarly journals PERIPHERAL GENRES OF CHUVASH LITERATURE: TESTAMENT

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-27
Author(s):  
Валентина Владимировна Геворкян ◽  
Эдуард Валентинович Фомин ◽  
Лия Васильевна Чернова ◽  
Екатерина Романовна Якимова
Keyword(s):  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Pure Form ◽  
Ethnic Literature ◽  
Classical Literature ◽  
Frequent Episodes ◽  
Impending Death ◽  
History Of ◽  
Entire History ◽  
Distinguishing Features

Работа посвящена осмыслению завещания как жанра чувашской художественной литературы в историческом аспекте. Анализируемые в статье тексты входят в состав классической чувашской словесности. Им посвящено значительное число научных работ, однако пока еще данные произведения не становились объектом специального рассмотрения с точки зрения жанровой специфики, которая выделяет их в одно целое. Основу завещания в первую очередь составляют инолитературные аналоги и затем - фольклорные тексты (благословения и собственно предсмертные завещания). В литературе чаще встречаются эпизоды, описывающие акт духовного завещания, в частности, в произведениях П. Хузангая, В. Митты, Е. Лисиной, но сам жанр за всю историю современной письменной культуры чувашского народа в чистом виде был реализован лишь считанное количество раз - в виде завещания чувашскому народу просветителя И. Я. Яковлева и стихотворения «Как умру…» М. Сеспеля. Отличительными чертами завещания как жанра являются императивность и высокий пафос, формируемые особыми условиями создания завещательных текстов в ожидании скорой кончины. Остальные параметры носят идиостилевой характер и варьируются в широких пределах - достаточно сказать, что имеющиеся в чувашской литературе завещания написаны в разных формах: эпической и лирической. The work is devoted to understanding the testament as a genre of the Chuvash fiction in historical perspective. The authors analyzed the texts of the Chuvash classical literature. A significant number of scientific works has been devoted to the texts of the Chuvash classical literature. However, those texts have never been investigated from the point of view of genre specificity, which distinguishes them as a whole. The testamentis primarily based on analogue ethnic literature and also on folklore texts (blessings and testaments as such). The most frequent episodes describing the testament are in the works of P. Khuzangay, V. Mitta, E. Lisina. Nevertheless, the genre itself in its pure form was implemented only a few times in the entire history of the modern written culture of the Chuvash people:in the testament to the Chuvash people by I. Yakovlev and the poem «When I die ...» by M. Sespel. The distinguishing features of the testament as a genre are the imperative and high pathos, due to the peculiar conditions for creating the texts of the testament in anticipation of impending death. Otherfeatures are individual and vary widely. The testaments in the Chuvash literature are written in different forms: epic and lyrical.

scholarly journals Sergey Alexandrovich Chernov (1903–1964): biography of herpetologist

2020 ◽  
Vol 324 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-40
Author(s):  
N.B. Ananjeva ◽  
I.V. Doronin
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Zoological Institute ◽  
German Language ◽  
Scientific Career ◽  
Scientific Biography ◽  
Russian Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Teacher Student ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
History Of ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

The scientific biography of the outstanding herpetologist and specialist in zoogeography Sergei Alexandrovich Chernov (1903–1964) was reconstructed on the base the study of archival materials and literature sources. The text is divided into four parts, reflecting the main stages of his biography: 1903–1930 – Kharkiv, the beginning of the scientific career; 1930–1941 – relocation to Leningrad, Tajik-Pamir expedition; 1941–1945 – Great Patriotic War and evacuation; 1945–1964 – period after the Great Patriotic War. In the paper, we emphasize the line of teacher–student continuity begun by A.M. Nikolsky and S.A. Chernov in the herpetology department of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The appendix contains a list of his publications (52 titles), taxa, described by him (11) and named in his honor (6). In majority of his publications, Chernov was the sole author; most of them were published in Russian; only one paper was written in a foreign (German) language. One of the main achievements of Chernov should be recognized a publication of the Guide of amphibians and reptiles of the USSR together with P.V. Terentyev. He made the greatest contribution to the study of the systematics of lizards and snakes, composition, zoogeography, and the history of the formation of the herpetofauna of Central Asia. According to his studies, the fauna of Central and Central Asia are subsidiaries of the once united region, what contradicted the views of his teacher Nikolsky, who developed the concept of M.A. Menzbir about the young postglacial origin of the Aral-Caspian deserts and the ancient, Eocene origin of the deserts of Central Asia.

scholarly journals Antropologías Post-coloniales: la antropología islámica y la islamización del conocimiento en ciencias sociales

2004 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Montenegro
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
The United States ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
History Of Anthropology ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
The Social ◽  
Islamic Thought ◽  
History Of

Este artículo analiza el discurso de las antropologías poscoloniales, construidas “desde el punto de vista de los nativos”. Se retrata el caso específico del proyecto de una antropología islámica, según la propuesta del antropólogo paquistaní Akbar Akmed. Se afirma que fue en el contexto político y cultural de las ideas del Resurgimiento que se creó la Asociación de Cientistas Sociales Musulmanes en Estados Unidos, institución que desarrolló un programa de “islamización del conocimiento” inspirado en las ideas de Ismail Al-Faruqi. Dentro de la antropología fue Akbar Ahmed quien lideró ese proyecto plasmado, luego, en su libro Hacia una antropologia Islámica. Posteriormente el texto sugiere que el proyecto de una antropologia islámica incluye: a) una critica preliminar a la historia de la antropología en occidente; b) el argumento de la existencia de antropologías no occidentales basadas en otras tradiciones culturales, tales como el pensamiento islámico. La antropología islámica permite analizar las ambiguedades y desafios de un proyecto intelectual y político postcolonial que cuestiona y desdibuja las fronteras entre observadores y observados. Post-Colonial Anthropologies: Islamic anthropology and the islamization of knowledge in the Social Sciences Abstract This article analyzes the discourse of the postcolonial anthropologies, constructed “from the native’s point of view”. It depicts the specific case of the project of an Islamic anthropology, according to the proposal of Pakistani anthropologist Akbar Ahmed. It argues that it was within the political and cultural context of the Islamic Ressurgence ideologies that the Muslim Association for the Islamic Social Sciences was founded in the United States. This institution developed a program for the “islamization of knowledge” that was inspired in Ismail Al-Faruqi’s ideas. Akbar Ahmed was the leader of this project within anthropology, shaping it in his book Toward Islamic Anthropology. The article also suggests that the project of an Islamic anthropology includes: a) a preliminary critique of the history of anthropology in the West; b) arguing for the existence of non-western anthropologies, based in “other” cultural traditions, such as Islamic thought. Islamic anthropology allows analysis of the ambiguities and challenges of an intellectual and political postcolonial project that questions and redraws the borders between observers and observed.

Is Creativity Studies a Scientific Field? Mapping the History of the Discipline

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiying Long ◽  
Bing He ◽  
Ying Ding ◽  
Jonathan A. Plucker
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Field ◽  
Field Mapping ◽  
History Of ◽  
Creativity Studies
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