scholarly journals "Walka duchowa" ("Combattimento spiritual") Wawrzyńca Scupoliego a "Невидимая брань" ("῾Ο ᾽Αόρατος Πόλεμος") Nikodema ze Świętej Góry Athos i Teofana Rekluza. Strategie adaptacji tekstu w Kościele wschodnim

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viara Maldjieva
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Adaptation Strategies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Greek Text ◽  
The West ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
Russian Orthodoxy ◽  
Devotio Moderna

Spiritual Combat (Combattimento spiritual) by Lorenzo Scupoli, and Невидимая брань (῾Ο ᾽Αόρατος Πόλεμος) by Nikodemus the Hagiorite and Theophan the Recluse: Adaptation Strategies of Spiritual Combat in the Eastern ChurchThe purpose of the paper is to offer a general discussion of the strategy of adapting Lorenzo Scupoli’s Combattimento spiritual, which was created in the Christian West, to the doctrine, spirituality and sensitivity of the Christian East, and in particular to 19th-century Russian Orthodoxy. Two translations of the work into Russian were used as a basis for observation: one of them was taken from the Italian original without the intention of adaptation; the other (by Theophan the Recluse) was done with the intention of adaptation and its basis was the Greek text already adapted by Nicodemus the Hagiorite. Analysis shows a certain “symphony” of the strategy of adapting the content and language in both the texts: the text that was created as a translation from the Italian original without the intention of adaptation, and the text that was the result of a two-stage adaptation in Greek and then in Russian. In terms of content, the mystical and ascetic assumptions that were developed in the West in the devotio moderna trend were rejected in favor of turning towards the Holy Fathers’ tradition. In the language there was a turn to Orthodox Orthodoxy by the use of means that refer to the doctrine of hesychasm, which was recognized in the 14th century and might even be said to have become a foundation of Eastern spirituality. The result of the content and language harmonization in the adaptation of Theophan the Recluse is the complete abolition of all possible references to Western Christianity. Walka duchowa (Combattimento spiritual) Wawrzyńca Scupoliego a Невидимая брань (῾Ο ᾽Αόρατος Πόλεμος) Nikodema ze Świętej Góry Athos i Teofana Rekluza. Strategie adaptacji tekstu w Kościele wschodnimCelem artykułu jest wykazanie w ogólnym zarysie strategii adaptacji tekstu dzieła Lorenzo Scupoliego Combattimento spiritual, powstałego na chrześcijańskim Zachodzie, do doktryny, duchowości i wrażliwości chrześcijańskiego Wschodu, a w szczególności do rosyjskiego prawosławia XIX wieku. Jako podstawę do obserwacji wykorzystano teksty dwóch przekładów dzieła na język rosyjski: jednego z nich dokonano z oryginału włoskiego bez zamiaru adaptacji, drugiego zaś – autorstwa Teofana Pustelnika – dokonano z zamiarem adaptacji i to z tekstu greckiego już adaptowanego przez Nikodema Hagiorytę. Porównanie tych tekstów ukazuje pewną „symfonię” strategii adaptacji treści i języka tekstu powstałego jako tłumaczenie z oryginału włoskiego bez zamiaru adaptacji i tekstu będącego wynikiem dwustopniowej adaptacji, kolejno w przekładzie greckim i rosyjskim. W zakresie treści odrzucono mistyczno-ascetyczne założenia wypracowane na Zachodzie w nurcie devotio moderna na rzecz zwrotu w stronę tradycji Ojców. W języku zaś poprzez użycie środków nawiązujących do hezychazmu, którego nauki zostały uznane w XIV wieku i które stały się wręcz fundamentem wschodniej duchowości, również dokonano zwrotu ku prawosławnej ortodoksji. Wynikiem współgrania adaptacji treści i języka w redakcji Teofana Pustelnika jest całkowite zniesienie wszelkich możliwych odniesień do chrześcijaństwa zachodniego.

The Politics of Sacred Lineages in 19th-Century Central Asia: Descent Groups Linked to Khwaja Ahmad Yasavi in Shrine Documents and Genealogical Charters

1999 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 507-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devin DeWeese
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Religious History ◽  
The West ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
12Th Century ◽  
Scant Attention ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Town

Khwaja Ahmad Yasavi, the celebrated saint of Central Asia who lived most likely in the late 12th century, is perhaps best known as a Sufi shaykh and (no doubt erroneously) as a mystical poet; his shrine in the town now known as Turkistan, in southern Kazakhstan, has been an important religious center in Central Asia at least since the monumental mausoleum that still stands was built, by order of Timur, at the end of the 14th century. While Yasavi's shrine, owing to the predilections of Soviet scholarship, was extensively studied by architectural historians and archeologists, its role in social and religious history has received scant attention; at the same time, Ahmad Yasavi's legacy as a Sufi shaykh has itself been the subject of considerable misunderstanding, resulting from two related tendencies in past scholarship: to approach the Yasavi tradition as little more than a sideline to the historically dominant Naqshbandiyya, and to regard it as a phenomenon definable in “ethnic” terms, as limited to an exclusively Turkic environment. Even less well known in the West, however, is one aspect of Ahmad Yasavi's legacy that is of increasing significance in contemporary Central Asia, as the region's religious heritage is recovered and redefined in the wake of the Soviet Union's collapse—namely, the distinctive familial communities that define themselves in terms of descent from Yasavi's family, and have historically claimed specific prerogatives associated with Yasavi's shrine.

scholarly journals PEMIKIRAN JAMALUDDIN AL-AFGHANI (JAMAL AD-DIN AL-AFGHANI) (1838 – 1897 M)

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-24
Author(s):  
Akmal Hawi
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
The West ◽  
Unique Position ◽  
Islamic Reform ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The People ◽  
The One ◽  
The 19Th Century

The 19th century to the 20th century is a moment in which Muslims enter a new gate, the gate of renewal. This phase is often referred to as the century of modernism, a century where people are confronted with the fact that the West is far ahead of them. This situation made various responses emerging, various Islamic groups responded in different ways based on their Islamic nature. Some respond with accommodative stance and recognize that the people are indeed doomed and must follow the West in order to rise from the downturn. Others respond by rejecting anything coming from the West because they think it is outside of Islam. These circles believe Islam is the best and the people must return to the foundations of revelation, this circle is often called the revivalists. One of the figures who is an important figure in Islamic reform, Jamaluddin Al-Afghani, a reformer who has its own uniqueness, uniqueness, and mystery. Departing from the division of Islamic features above, Afghani occupies a unique position in responding to Western domination of Islam. On the one hand, Afghani is very moderate by accommodating ideas coming from the West, this is done to improve the decline of the ummah. On the other hand, however, Afghani appeared so loudly when it came to the question of nationality or on matters relating to Islam. As a result, Afghani traces his legs on two different sides, he is a modernist but also a fundamentalist. 

scholarly journals West-Eastern Poetic Compositions of the First Third of the 19th Century: from Goethe’s Divan to the ‘Sonnet/Ghazal’ by Mickiewicz / Topczi-Baszy

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 68-103
Author(s):  
Alexander B. Kudelin
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
The Other ◽  
Poetic Form ◽  
The West ◽  
Persian Version ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Persian Translation

The article is concerned with reciprocity between Western and Eastern literatures of the 19th century, when Orientalist motives began to take hold in European writings. Goethe, in his “West-Östlicher Divan” (1819), attributed this interest to the everlasting excellence and value, which the Eastern masterpieces hold for the West. However, as it is clear nowadays, the ‘West-Eastern’ compositions cannot be seen as truthfully retaining the spirit of the Eastern classics, which was based on a different system of meanings and values. On the other hand, it became clear that the Eastern reception of these European works in the 19th century could not be true to the Western original, either, since even most progressive Eastern literatures of the time kept to artistic principles and system of genres of the Late Middle Ages. Against this historical and critical background, the article investigates the outcome of one venture — the emergence of a Persian translation of Adam Mickiewicz’s poem, commissioned by himself for his “Sonnets” (1826). Dzafar Topczi-Baszy adjusted the sonnet for an Eastern audience. Having presented his translation as a sample of the medieval genre of tadhkira (which has to contain both biographical and anthological features), Topczi- Baszy supplied the Persian version of the poem with facts about Mickiewicz; he cast the poem into a Persian poetic form — ghazal; he replaced the elements of Romantic imagery with the Eastern ones.

scholarly journals The Iconography of John Ford's Westerns

Linguaculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-124
Author(s):  
Irina Chirica
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
American Culture ◽  
Visual Image ◽  
National Character ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cultural Significance ◽  
The West ◽  
John Ford ◽  
American Thought

This paper follows the way in which the filmography of the movie director John Ford presents cultural icons. We discuss the symbolism of these images and their cultural significance in the larger context of the West as a cultural area and American culture in general. Ford’s sensibility had one foot in 19th century American thought and feeling, and the other in the 20th century. We argue in favor of the idea that John Ford is a myth-builder and a visual image-maker whose contribution provided the foundation of a romantic, heroic America and the forging of American national character.

scholarly journals The History of the Transfiguration (Abalak) Churchyard in the 17th Century

2020 ◽  
pp. 136-143
Author(s):  
Evgeny P. Zagvazdin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Local Area ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
The West ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Working Hypothesis ◽  
History Of

The archaeological research of the Transfiguration churchyard (the area of the Abalak Monastery of the Holy Sign) which was widely conducted in 2007 to 2010 allowed examining certain issues related to the history of the churchyard in more detail. The first generalizing work by P. Danilov covered a number of various aspects and became of great significance. Nevertheless, some aspects were pushed into the background, mainly due to the versatile nature of the work. The aim of this article is to shed some light onto certain aspects of the earlier history of the Transfiguration churchyard before the fire (early to late 17th century), taking into account the unpublished data and re-evaluated excavation records. Its relevance is based on the scarcity of written records of the mentioned period and the fact that they only describe the history of the Transfiguration churchyard in general, whereas archaeological data clarify certain moments of its history. Unfortunately, all the research combined since the beginning of excavation did not amount to much (approximately 220 sq.m), thus all available data were taken into consideration. The research conducted in 2010 is especially significant. The occupation layer next to the western monastery wall was examined through two exploratory shafts. The local area of the digging site totaled up to 18 sq.m. The exploratory shaft next to the Cathedral of the Holy Sign included a small pit and an earlier pit with a rod post from the cemetery fence, which dates back to an earlier period. The burials located to the east from the fence and dating back to the early 17th – late 18th centuries were explored. The other exploratory shaft, located 32 m south from the first one, offers a similar picture. The burials found through the second exploratory shaft date back to the same period. The finding of a female’s burial under the northern monastery wall, which demonstrates the direction the cemetery developed in, was also examined. Overall, the data obtained due to the excavation in 2010 allowed creating a working hypothesis concerning the purpose of the small pit in the first exploratory shaft (a place of worship) and providing further proof of the location of some churchyard boundaries: the northern one (a female’s burial) and the western one (the wooden fence remnants). The findings of posts in the upper horizons of the second exploratory shaft confirm that the boundaries of the cemetery (and later the monastery) did not undergo significant changes until the early 19th century. They were altered in the early 19th century with the construction of a stone fence approximately 3.5–4.5 m to the west from the former wooden fence.

Comparative Analysis of Ahmet Hamdi Tanpinar’s Travels to European Countries

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Aysel KAMAL ◽  
Sinem ATIS
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Young Lady ◽  
The Other ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Cultural Relations ◽  
The West ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
European Culture ◽  
Turkish Literature ◽  
Art And Architecture

Ahmet Hamdi Tanpinar (1901-1962) is one of the most controversial authors in the 20th century Turkish literature. Literature critics find it difficult to place him in a school of literature and thought. There are many reasons that they have caused Tanpinar to give the impression of ambiguity in his thoughts through his literary works. One of them is that he is always open to (even admires) the "other" thought to a certain age, and he considers synthesis thinking at later ages. Tanpinar states in the letter that he wrote to a young lady from Antalya that he composed the foundations of his first period aesthetics due to the contributions from western (French) writers. The influence of the western writers on him has also inspired his interest in the materialist culture of the West. In 1953 and 1959 he organized two tours to Europe in order to see places where Western thought and culture were produced. He shared his impressions that he gained in European countries in his literary works. In the literary works of Tanpinar, Europe comes out as an aesthetic object. The most dominant facts of this aesthetic are music, painting, etc. In this work, in the writings of Tanpinar about the countries that he travelled in Europe, some factors were detected like European culture, lifestyle, socio-cultural relations, art and architecture, political and social history and so on. And the effects of European countries were compared with Tanpinar’s thought and aesthetics. Keywords: Ahmet Hamdi Tanpinar, Europe, poetry, music, painting, culture, life

Impulsivity and Aggression: A Meta-analysis Using the UPPS Model of Impulsivity

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konrad Bresin
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Negative Urgency ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Trait Impulsivity

Trait impulsivity has long been proposed to play a role in aggression, but the results across studies have been mixed. One possible explanation for the mixed results is that impulsivity is a multifaceted construct and some, but not all, facets are related to aggression. The goal of the current meta-analysis was to determine the relation between the different facets of impulsivity (i.e., negative urgency, positive urgency, lack of premeditation, lack of perseverance, and sensation seeking) and aggression. The results from 93 papers with 105 unique samples (N = 36, 215) showed significant and small-to-medium correlations between each facet of impulsivity and aggression across several different forms of aggression, with more impulsivity being associated with more aggression. Moreover, negative urgency (r = .24, 95% [.18, .29]), positive urgency (r = .34, 95% [.19, .44]), and lack of premeditation (r = .23, 95% [.20, .26]) had significantly stronger associations with aggression than the other scales (rs < .18). Two-stage meta-analytic structural equation modeling showed that these effects were not due to overlap among facets of impulsivity. These results help advance the field of aggression research by clarifying the role of impulsivity and may be of interest to researchers and practitioners in several disciplines.

A Nabatean port on the Red Sea: note on the pottery finds from al-Qusayr (al-Wajh, Saudi Arabia)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Durand
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Red Sea ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Trade Routes ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Roman Egypt ◽  
Pottery Sherds ◽  
First Time

Al-Qusayr is located 40 km south of modern al-Wajh, roughly 7 km from the eastern Red Sea shore. This site is known since the mid-19th century, when the explorer R. Burton described it for the first time, in particular the remains of a monumental building so-called al-Qasr. In March 2016, a new survey of the site was undertaken by the al-‘Ula–al-Wajh Survey Project. This survey focused not only on al-Qasr but also on the surrounding site corresponding to the ancient settlement. A surface collection of pottery sherds revealed a striking combination of Mediterranean and Egyptian imports on one hand, and of Nabataean productions on the other hand. This material is particularly homogeneous on the chronological point of view, suggesting a rather limited occupation period for the site. Attesting contacts between Mediterranean merchants, Roman Egypt and the Nabataean kingdom, these new data allow a complete reassessment of the importance of this locality in the Red Sea trade routes during antiquity.

ISLAMIC COINS FROM EASTERN GIZA (EGYPT)

2020 ◽  
pp. 57-62
Author(s):  
E. Yu. Goncharov ◽  
◽  
S. E. Malykh ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Human Activity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dynamic Nature ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Ancient Egyptian ◽  
Ancient Rock ◽  
Oriental Studies ◽  
The Middle Ages

The article focuses on the attribution of one gold and two copper coins discovered by the Russian Archaeological Mission of the Institute of Oriental Studies RAS in the ancient Egyptian necropolis of Giza. Coins come from mixed fillings of the burial shafts of the Ancient Egyptian rock-cut tombs of the second half of the 3rd millennium B.C. According to the archaeological context, the coins belong to the stages of the destruction of ancient burials that took place during the Middle Ages and Modern times. One of the coins is a Mamluk fals dating back to the first half of the 14th century A.D., the other two belong to the 1830s — the Ottoman period in Egypt, and are attributed as gold a buchuk hayriye and its copper imitation. Coins are rare for the ancient necropolis and are mainly limited to specimens of the 19th–20th centuries. In general, taking into account the numerous finds of other objects — fragments of ceramic, porcelain and glass utensils, metal ware, glass and copper decorations, we can talk about the dynamic nature of human activity in the ancient Egyptian cemetery in the 2nd millennium A.D. Egyptians and European travelers used the ancient rock-cut tombs as permanent habitats or temporary sites, leaving material traces of their stay.

On the nature of chemistry

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric R. Scerri
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Recent History ◽  
History Of Chemistry ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
Fundamental Unity ◽  
The 19Th Century

<span>The very nature of chemistry presents us with a tension. A tension between the exhilaration of diversity of substances and forms on the one hand and the safety of fundamental unity on the other. Even just the recent history of chemistry has been al1 about this tension, from the debates about Prout's hypothesis as to whether there is a primary matter in the 19th century to the more recent speculations as to whether computers will enable us to virtually dispense with experimental chemistry.</span>

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