scholarly journals Presentation of the verbs in Bulgarian-Polish electronic dictionary

2014 ◽  
pp. 45-54
Author(s):  
Ludmila Dimitrova ◽  
Violetta Koseska
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language ◽  
Paper Briefly ◽  
Electronic Dictionary ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Bilateral Collaboration

Presentation of the verbs in Bulgarian-Polish electronic dictionaryThis paper briefly discusses the presentation of the verbs in the first electronic Bulgarian-Polish dictionary that is currently being developed under a bilateral collaboration between IMI-BAS and ISS-PAS. Special attention is given to the digital entry classifiers that describe Bulgarian and Polish verbs. Problems related to the correspondence between natural language phenomena and their presentations are discussed. Some examples illustrate the different types of dictionary entries for verbs.

scholarly journals Bulgarian-Polish Language Resources (Current State and Future Development)

2015 ◽  
pp. 161-170
Author(s):  
Ludmila Dimitrova ◽  
Violetta Koseska-Toszewa
Keyword(s):  
Future Development ◽  
Language Resources ◽  
Paper Briefly ◽  
Joint Research ◽  
Current State ◽  
Electronic Dictionary ◽  
Joint Research Project ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
Contrastive Linguistics ◽  
Bilateral Collaboration

Bulgarian-Polish Language Resources (Current State and Future Development)The paper briefly reviews the first Bulgarian-Polish digital bilingual resources: corpora and dictionaries, which are currently developed under bilateral collaboration between IMI-BAS and ISS-PAS: joint research project “Semantics and contrastive linguistics with a focus on a bilingual electronic dictionary”, coordinated by L. Dimitrova (IMI-BAS) and V. Koseska (ISS-PAS).

scholarly journals Digital Wallet System for Smart Ticketing

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Vinay Kumar Reddy Kaitha ◽  
Bala Naga Vamsidhar Grandhi ◽  
Vinay Babu Kosaraju
Keyword(s):  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Transportation System ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Paper Briefly ◽  
Maintenance Costs ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Digital Wallet

<div><p class="Abstract"><em>This paper briefly discusses an effective, efficient, convenient ticketing system designed especially for the transportation system in the Indian Subcontinent, which can be also extended to different types of domain by introducing few changes in design according to working environment. This system reduces man power which in turn reduces the maintenance costs to a greater extent.</em></p></div>

Discourse cohesion in text and tutorial dialogue

2007 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur C. Graesser ◽  
Moongee Jeon ◽  
Yan Yan ◽  
Zhiqiang Cai
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Natural Language ◽  
Semantic Similarity ◽  
Software Tool ◽  
Pedagogical Agent ◽  
Newtonian Physics ◽  
Tutorial Dialogue ◽  
Logical Operators ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Human Tutoring

Discourse cohesion is presumably an important facilitator of comprehension when individuals read texts and hold conversations. This study investigated components of cohesion and language in different types of discourse about Newtonian physics: A textbook, textoids written by experimental psychologists, naturalistic tutorial dialoguebetween expert human tutors and college students, andAutoTutor tutorial dialogue between a computer tutor and students (AutoTutor is an animated pedagogical agent that helps students learn about physics by holding conversations in natural language). We analyzed the four types of discourse with Coh-Metrix, a software tool that measures discourse on different components of cohesion, language, and readability. The cohesion indices included co-reference, syntactic and semantic similarity, causal cohesion, incidence of cohesion signals (e.g., connectives, logical operators), and many other measures. Cohesion data were quite similar for the two forms of discourse in expository monologue (textbooks and textoids) and for the two types of tutorial dialogue (i.e., students interacting with human tutors and AutoTutor), but very different between the discourse of expository monologue and tutorial dialogue. Coh-Metrix was also able to detect subtle differences in the language and discourse of AutoTutor versus human tutoring.

Contentious Politics in China: Causes, Dynamics, and Consequences

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-90
Author(s):  
Manfred Elfstrom ◽  
Yao Li
Keyword(s):  
Contentious Politics ◽  
Chinese People ◽  
Political Opportunity ◽  
Paper Briefly ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Social Protests ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Nuanced Understanding ◽  
Day By Day ◽  
Populous Country

AbstractChina has become a land of social protests. Yet the Chinese state possesses considerable capacity and is rising on the world stage day by day. Why and how do Chinese people take to the streets? Where does their activism lead? This paper draws on a rich body of existing literature to provide an overview of the broad landscape of Chinese contentious politics and to dig deeper into a few common or emerging forms of social conflict. It then explores the various structural and political opportunity-based explanations for why protest occurs in China, before describing the ways in which different organizations and different framings of issues by citizens affect how protests play out. Shifting to where protests lead, the paper briefly surveys a variety of coercive and conciliatory institutions China possesses for social control and then documents distinct patterns in the state’s handling of different types of resistance—repressive, tolerant, concessionary, and mixed approaches—followed by an examination of the multifaceted impact of unrest. The conclusion offers suggestions for future researchers. Reviewing major concepts, debates, perspectives, and emerging research directions in studies of contentious politics in the world’s most populous country, this paper contributes to a more nuanced understanding of authoritarian politics and authoritarian resilience more generally.

Accounting for ELF

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 372-395
Author(s):  
Ruth Osimk-Teasdale ◽  
Nora Dorn
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language ◽  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Lingua Franca ◽  
Spoken English ◽  
Linguistic Resources ◽  
Pos Tagging ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Different Types

This paper reports on some issues encountered when using various ‘external points of reference’ in the development of POS-tagging guidelines for the Vienna-Oxford International Corpus of English (VOICE). VOICE is a corpus of spoken English as a Lingua Franca (ELF) containing naturally occurring, plurilingual data. As in all kinds of natural language use, speakers recorded in VOICE exploit available linguistic resources, often resulting in non-codified language use and language which is difficult to classify unambiguously. However, detailed tagging solutions for such phenomena are rarely reported. We discuss usefulness and limitations of external points of reference with regard to their suitability for POS-tagging VOICE and address methodological as well as practical issues, especially the handling of non-codified language use and different types of ambiguities. We suggest that the solutions found, and the theoretical approach adopted, could be relevant for the tagging of other spoken corpora.

scholarly journals Specificity distinction

2001 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 85-101
Author(s):  
Donka F. Farkas
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language ◽  
Noun Phrase ◽  
Noun Phrases ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Semantic Type ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Rich Variety ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Way

This paper is concerned with semantic noun phrase typology, focusing on the question of how to draw fine-grained distinctions necessary for an accurate account of natural language phenomena. In the extensive literature on this topic, the most commonly encountered parameters of classification concern the semantic type of the denotation of the noun phrase, the familiarity or novelty of its referent, the quantificational/nonquantificational distinction (connected to the weak/strong dichotomy), as well as, more recently, the question of whether the noun phrase is choice-functional or not (see Reinhart 1997, Winter 1997, Kratzer 1998, Matthewson 1999). In the discussion that follows I will attempt to make the following general points: (i) phenomena involving the behavior of noun phrases both within and across languages point to the need of establishing further distinctions that are too fine-grained to be caught in the net of these typologies; (ii) some of the relevant distinctions can be captured in terms of conditions on assignment functions; (iii) distribution and scopal peculiarities of noun phrases may result from constraints they impose on the way variables they introduce are to be assigned values. Section 2 reviews the typology of definite noun phrases introduced in Farkas 2000 and the way it provides support for the general points above. Section 3 examines some of the problems raised by recognizing the rich variety of 'indefinite' noun phrases found in natural language and by attempting to capture their distribution and interpretation. Common to the typologies discussed in the two sections is the issue of marking different types of variation in the interpretation of a noun phrase. In the light of this discussion, specificity turns out to be an epiphenomenon connected to a family of distinctions that are marked differently in different languages.  

scholarly journals Natural Language Processing methods for Document Matching

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 379-383
Author(s):  
Maitri Patel and Dr Hemant D Vasava
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language Processing ◽  
Natural Language ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Original Work ◽  
Educational Systems ◽  
Processing Methods ◽  
Similar Test ◽  
Subject Examination ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Higher Educational

Data,Information or knoweldge,in this rapidly moving and growing world.we can find any kind of information on Internet.And this can be too useful,however for acedemic world too it is useful but along with it plagarism is highly in practice.Which makes orginality of work degrade and fraudly using someones original work and later not acknowleging them is becoming common.And some times teachers or professors could not identify the plagarised information provided.So higher educational systems nowadays use different types of tools to compare.Here we have an idea to match no of different documents like assignments of students to compare with each other to find out, did they copied each other’s work?Also an idea to compare ideal answeer sheet of particular subject examination to similar test sheets of students.Idea is to compare and on similarity basis we can rank them.Both approach is one kind and that is to compare documents.To identify plagarism there are many methods used already.So we could compare and develop them if needed.

scholarly journals Novice programmer’s misconception of programming reflected on problem-solving plans

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 14-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyungbin Kwon
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Natural Language ◽  
Mental Models ◽  
Strategic Knowledge ◽  
Introductory Programming ◽  
Instructional Supports ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Conditional Statements ◽  
Novice Students ◽  
The Way

Understanding the misconception of students is critical in that it identifies the reasons of errors students make and allows instructors to design instructions accordingly. This study investigated the mental models of programming concepts held by pre-service teachers who were novice in programming. In an introductory programming course, students were asked to solve problems that could be solved by utilizing conditional statements. They developed solution plans pseudo-code including a simplified natural language, symbols, diagrams, and so on. Sixteen solution plans of three different types of problems were analyzed. As a result, the students’ egocentric and insufficient programming concepts were identified in terms of the misuse of variables, redundancy of codes, and weak strategic knowledge. The results revealed that the students had difficulty designing solution plans that could be executed by computers. They needed instructional supports to master how to express their solution plans in the way computers run. Problem driven instructional designs for novice students were discussed.

Deuxième Partie

1999 ◽  
Vol 22 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 213-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xavier Blanco ◽  
Dolors Català
Keyword(s):  
Final Section ◽  
Applied Linguistics ◽  
The State ◽  
Romance Languages ◽  
Paper Briefly ◽  
Compound Words ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
Electronic Dictionary ◽  
Preliminary Study

Within the framework of studies using the ladl system of electronic dictionaries, the group Applied Linguistics in Romance Languages of the uab has undertaken the construction of an electronic dictionary for frozen compound adverbs. This dictionary completes the delacs (Dictionary for Compound Words of Spanish). This paper briefly presents the characteristics of each type of frozen compound adverb and also the choices that underlie the development of the tables in which they are recorded. Details are also given about the state of electronic dictionary of frozen compound adverbs currently available on intex. Since this is a preliminary study, the final section is devoted to identifying possible future developments, rather than drawing conclusions.

Language and Intercultural Information Ethics Concepts: A Preliminary Discussion of Privacy

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-166
Author(s):  
Yuanye Ma
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language ◽  
Information Ethics ◽  
Paper Briefly ◽  
Research Instrument ◽  
Research Perspective ◽  
Preliminary Discussion ◽  
Chinese And English ◽  
Intercultural Information Ethics ◽  
Do So

AbstractThis paper introduces the perspective to understand privacy via language as an intercultural information ethics (IIE) concept. This research perspective carries two goals: to understand privacy as an IIE concept and to do so via natural language. The paper suggests that studying privacy through language answers the challenge faced by IIE work; in addition, studying privacy as an information ethics concept through language seems most appropriate considering that language both embodies and shapes meaning. Specifically, this paper briefly discusses privacy and some of its language expressions in the Chinese and English languages, through which it hopes to reveal the richness and possibilities of using natural language as a research instrument to understand privacy in intercultural settings, which is an area of researching privacy that has attracted little discussion so far.

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