scholarly journals Wprowadzenie: o kulturze pamięci w Europie Środkowej i Wschodniej

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Kasner ◽  
Mindaugas Kvietkauskas
Keyword(s):  
Interdisciplinary Research ◽  
Turning Points ◽  
The State ◽  
European History ◽  
Communist Regime ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
Ethnic Conflicts ◽  
New States ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
The Baltic

Introduction: On culture of memory in Central and Eastern EuropeThis issue of the Acta Baltico-Slavica, entitled “Bałtyckie i słowiańskie konteksty (nie) pamięci” (The Baltic and Slavic contexts of (non-)memory, vol. 42/2018), is devoted to interdisciplinary research on culture of memory, which – after Christoph Cornelißen – we understand as a formal notion superior to all possible forms of conscious memory of past events. This volume presents the state of research on memory from the perspective of two turning points in European history: 1918 and 1989. The events immediately following the fall of empires and the communist regime (including the rise of new states, shifts and modifications of state borders, international and ethnic conflicts, transformation of political and economic systems) not only changed the geopolitical map, but also exerted enormous influence on shaping identity and memory of Europeans and their historical and biographical narrations. Wprowadzenie: o kulturze pamięci w Europie Środkowej i WschodniejTegoroczny numer rocznika „Acta Baltico-Slavica” zatytułowany Bałtyckie i słowiańskie konteksty (nie)pamięci został poświęcony interdyscyplinarnym badaniom nad kulturą pamięci, którą rozumiemy zgodnie z definicją Ch. Cornelißena jako „formalne pojęcie nadrzędne dla wszelkich możliwych form świadomej pamięci człowieka o wydarzeniach historycznych, osobistościach i procesach, niezależnie od tego, czy są one natury estetycznej, politycznej czy poznawczej”. Celem niniejszego tomu jest przedstawienie stanu badań nad pamięcią z perspektywy dwóch szczególnie ważnych dla Europy cezur dziejowych: 1918 roku i 1989 roku. Wydarzenia, które nastąpiły bezpośrednio po upadku imperiów i reżimu komunistycznego (m.in. powstanie nowych państw, przesunięcia i zmiany granic, konflikty międzypaństwowe i narodowościowe, transformacja systemu politycznego i gospodarczego) nie tylko zmieniły mapę geopolityczną, ale także wywarły ogromny wpływ na kształtowanie się tożsamości i pamięci Europejczyków, ich narracji historycznych i biograficznych.

Studies of Islam, Economics, and Governance

1994 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-70
Author(s):  
Florence Eid
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Ford Foundation ◽  
The United States ◽  
The State ◽  
Edward Said ◽  
The Subject ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
Traditional Approaches ◽  
Islamic Values

IntroductionThis paper is a report on the state of research in two areas of Islamicstudies: Islam and economics and Islam and governance. I researched andwrote it as part of my internship at the Ford Foundation during the summerof 1992. On Discourse. The study of Islam in the United States has moved far beyondthe traditional historical and philological methods. This is perhapsbest explained by the development of analytically rigorous social sciencemethods that have contributed to a better balance between the humanisticconcerns of the more traditional approaches and efforts at systematizingthe study of Islam and classifying it across boundaries of communities,religions, even epochs. This is said to have s t a d with the developmentof irenic attitudes towards Islam, which changed the direction of westemorientalist writings from indifference (at best) and often open hostility toand contempt of Islamic values (however they were understood) to phenomenologicalworks by scholars who saw the study of Islam as somethingto be taken seriously and for its own sake, which is best exemplifiedby Clifford Geertz's Islam Observed.The work of Edward Said contested this evolution, and the publicationof his Orientalism has been described as "a stick of dynamite"' that,despite its impact in mobilizing a reevaluation of the field, was unwarrantedin its pessimism. In any case, the field has continued to evolve,with the most powerful force moving it being the subject itself. Thephenomenological/orientalist approach, if we can point to one today, ...

Insurgent Universality

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimiliano Tomba
Keyword(s):  
Private Property ◽  
The State ◽  
European History ◽  
Monopoly Power ◽  
Individual Rights ◽  
Modern Conception ◽  
Democratic Practices ◽  
Fresh Perspective ◽  
Alternative Institutions

Insurgent Universality presents an intervention in current discussions on universalism, democracy, and property. It investigates other trajectories besides traditional ones of modernity and traces an alternative legacy for contemporary movements. This legacy exceeds the familiar juridical horizon of citizenship, individual rights, and the state by revisiting questions relating to power, democratic practices, and the modern conception of private property. Insurgent Universality investigates and displays alternative trajectories of modernity that have been repressed, hindered, and forgotten. These trajectories are not only embodiments of a radical hope and a new conception of universality that arose from insurgencies from below; they also alert us to possibilities in our present that have been underestimated or overlooked. Eventually, they show us alternative institutions by which to reshape our present. These experimental democratic practices and institutions are based on the pluralism of authorities instead of the monopoly power of the state. However, such an inquiry resists the utopian urge to clear the tables. Instead, the book examines more closely, and with a fresh perspective, those aspects of our intellectual inheritance that we have allowed to remain in the darkness. By doing this, Insurgent Universality aims to “decolonize” European history, offering an image of Europe that is not monolithic but, rather, composed of many layers and paths that have been repressed or forgotten. The aim of the book is to rebuild those roads not taken and bridge them with non-European trajectories and political experiments.

Prologue

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Breandán Mac Suibhne
Keyword(s):  
Catholic Church ◽  
The State ◽  
Seasonal Migration ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
Traditional Beliefs ◽  
Beliefs And Practices ◽  
The People ◽  
The Catholic Church

Observing the abandonment of traditional beliefs and practices in the 1830s, the scholar John O’Donovan remarked that ‘a different era—the era of infidelity—is fast approaching!’ In west Donegal, that era finally arrived c.1880, when, over much of the district, English replaced Irish as the language of the home. Yet it had been coming into view since the mid-1700s, as the district came to be fitted—through the cattle trade, seasonal migration, and protoindustrialization—into regional and global economic systems. In addition to the market, an expansion of the administrative and coercive capacity of the state and an improvement in the plant and personnel of the Catholic Church—processes that intensified in the mid-1800s—proved vital factors, as the population dwindled after the Famine, in the people breaking faith with the old and familiar and adopting the new.

Fragmentation in East Central Europe

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Richter
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
Social Exchange ◽  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
East Central Europe ◽  
East Central ◽  
The First World War ◽  
New States ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
First World

The First World War led to a radical reshaping of Europe’s political borders like hardly any previous event. Nowhere was this transformation more profound than in East Central Europe, where the collapse of imperial rule led to the emergence of a series of new states. New borders intersected centuries-old networks of commercial, cultural, and social exchange. The new states had to face the challenges posed by territorial fragmentation and at the same time establish durable state structures within an international order that viewed them at best as weak and at worst as provisional entities that would sooner or later be reintegrated into their larger neighbours’ territory. Fragmentation in East Central Europe challenges the traditional view that the emergence of these states was the product of a radical rupture that naturally led from defunct empires to nation states. Using the example of Poland and the Baltic States, it retraces the roots of the interwar states of East Central Europe, of their policies, economic developments, and of their conflicts back to deep in the First World War. At the same time, it shows that these states learned to harness the dynamics caused by territorial fragmentation, thus forever changing our understanding of what modern states can do.

Ethics, Markets, and MacIntyre

2008 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell Keat
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
Human Flourishing ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Substantive Theory ◽  
Market Economies ◽  
Political Deliberation ◽  
Ethical Critique ◽  
Political Decisions

AbstractMacIntyre’s theory of practices, institutions, and their respective kinds of goods, has revived and enriched the ethical critique of market economies, and his view of politics as centrally concerned with common goods and human flourishing presents a major challenge to neutralist liberal theorists’ attempts to exclude distinctively ethical considerations from political deliberation. However, the rejection of neutrality does not entail the rejection of liberalism tout court: questions of human flourishing may be accorded a legitimate role in political decisions-including those about economic systems - provided that the powers of the state remain subject to certain recognizably liberal constraints. Further, although neutralist liberals often defend market economies on the mistaken grounds that they alone are consistent with the principle of ethical neutrality, a non-neutralist defence of them should not be ruled out, especially if the substantive theory of goods used to evaluate them is somewhat less restrictive than MacIntyre’s.

The state of research

1994 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth van Houts
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
State Of Research
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