scholarly journals "Machina ludens". Rzeczywista i wyobrażona historia komputerów szachowych

Adeptus ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr F. Piekutowski
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Computer Science ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Film History ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Real ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
History Of ◽  
Special Case

Machina Ludens: The Real and Imagined History of Chess ComputersThe essay offers a reading of the place of non-human machines in the game discourse, focusing on computer chess’s real as well as literary and film history. Chess, as the Drosophila melanogaster of artificial intelligence, a special case facilitating the study of the entire field, allows for going beyond the primary area of interest – computer science – and entering the realm of the text, where new languages of storytelling and new contexts present themselves. The paper discusses a multifaceted, posthumanist analysis of the game as a medium of non-anthropocentric and empowering narratives of the Other. It also sheds new light on the ongoing paradigm shift in human categories and human-technology relations. Machina ludens. Rzeczywista i wyobrażona historia komputerów szachowychCelem artykułu jest próba odczytania sposobu funkcjonowania nie-ludzkich maszyn w dyskursie growym, skupiona na rzeczywistej i literacko-filmowej historii komputerów szachowych. Szachy i sztuczna inteligencja wchodzą w przestrzeń tekstu, przekraczają pierwotny obszar zainteresowań – informatykę – i dzięki innym językom opowieści otwierają się na nowe konteksty. W tekście przedstawiono wieloaspektową, posthumanistyczną analizę gry jako medium nieantropocentrycznych i upodmiotawiających narracji Innego. Historia szachów i komputerów szachowych oraz ich tekstowe przedstawienia stanowią egzemplifikację zmian ludzkich kategorii oraz relacji człowiek-technologia.

Art. XIX.—An old Hebrew Romance of Alexander

1897 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 485-549
Author(s):  
M. Gaster
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
The West ◽  
The Real ◽  
History Of ◽  
Bibliographical Information ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Great Mass

More marvellous and more remarkable than the real conquests of Alexander are the stories circulated about him, and the legends which have clustered round his name and his exploits. The history of Alexander has, from a very early period, been embellished with legends and tales. They spread from nation to nation during the whole of the ancient times, and all through the Middle Ages. Many scholars have followed up the course of this dissemination of the fabulous history of Alexander. It would, therefore, be idle repetition of work admirably done by men like Zacher, Wesselofsky, Budge, and others, should I attempt it here. All interested in the legend of Alexander are familiar with those works, where also the fullest bibliographical information is to be found. I am concerned here with what may have appeared to some of these students as the bye-paths of the legend, and which, to my mind, has not received that attention which is due to it, from more than one point of view. Hitherto the histories of Alexander were divided into two categories; the first were those writings which pretended to give a true historical description of his life and adventures, to the exclusion of fabulous matter; the other included all those fabulous histories in which the true elements were smothered under a great mass of legendary matter, the chief representative of this class being the work ascribed to a certain Callisthenes. The study of the legend centred in the study of the vicissitudes to which this work of (Pseudo-) Callisthenes had been exposed, in the course of its dissemination from the East, probably from its native country, Egypt, to the countries of the West.

scholarly journals Amos: ’n teologie van bedreiging?

1998 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Helberg
Keyword(s):  
Space Time ◽  
The Other ◽  
Moral Justification ◽  
The Real ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Personal Approach ◽  
History Of

The book of Amos contains many undertones of threat, except in the epilogue which, according to many scholars, is redactional The question thus comes to the fore whether this characteristic implies that God is seen by Amos as a God of threat for whom one can only have fear. This article, however, points out Amos’ moral justification of God's deeds. Israel's actions, on the other hand, display a self-centredness and a lack of theocentric and personal approach. Within this framework the history of salvation, especially the exodus and the conquest of the land, as well as the election, covenant and the idea of the remnant, is fossilised and God is made a captive of space, time and relations. However, Amos' proclamation implies that in reality God cannot be made captive - neither of such a religion nor of a theology of threat. Amos envisions a situation in which everything will comply with the real aim set for it/him.

scholarly journals A review of Elizabeth Wilson's Affect and artificial intelligence

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tung Manh Ho
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Computer Science ◽  
Affective Computing ◽  
Biographical Data ◽  
History Of

Wilson’s book is of great interest to readers of the biographical history of computer science and, more importantly, humanities scholars who would like to explore how emotions influence the works of early pioneers amongst AI theoreticians and engineers. However, I present three areas where the book can improve: engaging with affective computing, acculturation of emotion, and organization of biographical data.

scholarly journals XX. Discovery of the metamorphosis in the second type of the cirripedes, viz. the lepades, completing the natural history of these singular animals, and confirming their affinity with the crustacea

1835 ◽  
Vol 125 ◽  
pp. 355-358 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
The Other ◽  
External Appearance ◽  
The Real ◽  
Real Nature ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Waves

The Fourth Memoir, published in my Zoological Researches and Illustrations, No. III. page 69, &c., having first made known the real nature of the Cirripedes , the key of which remained concealed in their metamorphosis, it might have been expected that some naturalist favourably situated to investigate the oceanic tribe of these animals, would have been the first to make the same discovery in regard to these, and thereby complete their natural history. It was scarcely to be expected that the honour of this discovery also should be reserved for the author, fixed to one spot, where none of them naturally exist, and are but casually thrown upon our shores by the waves of the Atlantic, attached to pieces of wreck, or brought into port fixed to the bottoms of ships returning from distant voyages. Fortunately, however, two ships of this description came into this harbour (Cork), one from the Mediterranean, the other from North America, which, not being sheathed with copper, had their bot­toms literally covered with Barnacles of the three genera of Lepas , Cineras , and Otion ; and having persons employed expressly for the purpose, numbers of these were brought alive in sea water, amongst which were many with the ova in various stages of their progress, and some ready to hatch, which they eventually did in prodigious numbers, so as to enable him to add the proof of their being, like the Balani, natatory Crusta­cea in their first stage , but of a totally different facies and structure; a circumstance which determines the propriety of the separation of the Cirripedes into two tribes, and evinces the sagacity of Mr. MacLeay in being the first to indicate that these two tribes, the Balani and Lepades , were not so closely related as generally supposed. The larvæ of the Balani , described in Memoir IV. under the external appearance of the bivalve Monoculi ( Astracoda ), have a pair of pedunculated eyes, more numerous and more completely developed members, approximating to those of Cyclops , and of the perfect Triton ; while, in the present type, or Lepades , the larva resembles some­what that of the Cyclops , which Müller, mistaking for a perfect animal, named Amymone , and which can be shown to he common to a great many of the Entomostraca ; or the resemblance is still more striking to that of the Argulus Armiger of Latreille, which, in fact, is but an Amymone furnished with a tricuspidate shield at the back.

The Other, The Same: Towards a Metamodern Poetics with Heddy Honigmann

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annelies van Noortwijk
Keyword(s):  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
The Other ◽  
Traumatic Memory ◽  
Contemporary Culture ◽  
The Real ◽  
Post Modernism ◽  
The Subject

Modernism and The Poetics of Sameness and Presence”. The author argues that through a paradigm shift from post-modernism towards what she proposes to refer to as meta-modernism, a new kind of poetic comes to the fore in which senses of ‘sameness’ and ‘presence’ and a drive towards inter-subjective connection and dialogue are pivotal. At the same time a turn to the subject, the real and the private, are the preferred strategies to address the central topics in contemporary culture; that of (often traumatic) memory and identity. The re-evaluation of the subject as an active, embodied and emotional individual is fundamental to such a shift.

Determination of Relative Damping at Various Prestresses

1960 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 282-301
Author(s):  
Th Kempermann ◽  
R. Clamroth
Keyword(s):  
Energy Loss ◽  
Phase Angle ◽  
Loss Factor ◽  
Short Review ◽  
The Other ◽  
Simple Function ◽  
History Of ◽  
Tan Δ ◽  
Special Case

Abstract After a short review of the history of the development of the concept of damping, the definitions—one in words, the other in the form of an equation—given in DIN 53513 are discussed, and their usefulness for measurements at various values of prestress is investigated. It is evident that the mathematical definition given in the Standard applies only in the special case when prestress and alternating stress are equal. For the complete range of prestress, the phase angle δ or some simple function of δ, such as the loss factor, tan δ, should be measured. If it is desired not to relinquish the percentage statement of the energy loss, then a new definition for the relative damping is proposed which is independent of the prestress, just as is tan δ. The dependence upon the prestress of the damping values under discussion is demonstrated in an experimental section, for various types of elastomers.

scholarly journals جليل الكلام ودقيقه لدى الشيعة الإمامية قبل بداية فترة الغيبة الكبرى

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Mosaab Elkhair Edris
Keyword(s):  
Fifth Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Real ◽  
History Of ◽  
Intellectual Foundations ◽  
History Of Theology ◽  
The One ◽  
Theological Thought ◽  
Cross Fertilization

This study would serve as sequel to the views of the Imami theologian Hisham bin al-hakam on Jalil al-Kalam and Daqiq al-Kalam by explaining the theological views of Zurarah bin Aʻyun, Abu Jaʻfar al-Ahwal, al-Fadl ibn Shazan and Banu Nubakht; it will focus on their known writings, explicating their available theological views as far as possible, on the basis of Sunni and Shi’ite sources in the context of the history of theology. The objective behind that is to explain the theological trends that emerged in the history of the Twelver Imamite community, their connections; this would, first of all, provide knowledge of the intellectual foundations of the Twelver theology, which reached its pinnacle at the hands of the theologians of the fifth century AH beginning with Shaykh al-Mufid bin Muhammad bin al-Nuʻman al-ʻAkbari al-Baghdadi. Secondly, this study would provide an understanding of the relational basis between the Twelver and the Mutazilite theological thought. I think that it is the result of a mutual cross-fertilization on the one hand, while on the other since they both derive from the same sources, they lead to similar results. It is not a case of Shi’ite subservience to a predominant Mutazilite influence because the Twelver Shi’ite theologian was conscious of his requirements in support of his doctrine, which revolves around the issue of the Imamah in Jalil al-Kalam and Daqiq al-Kalam alike. In addition, this study will also identify the real origins of the idea of limiting the imamate to twelve imams, ending with the consideration of the early Imamite scholars through which they established their arguments against their opponents in their writings and debates. This is all the more important since the titles of the Shi’ite Imami writings and from what is quoted in their debates on the issue of Imamate, do not point to the imamate of only twelve imams, as the history of the Imami Thought depicts and which starts with the period of the Minor Occultation, which lasted about 70 years from 260 to 329 AH. KeywordsImami Shiʻites, Jalil al-Kalam, Daqiq al-Kalam, Major Occultation

scholarly journals Architecture and the Dilemma of Aesthetics: Towards an Alternate Defintion and Approach to Architecture

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunter Dittmar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
The Other ◽  
Natural Order ◽  
The Real ◽  
Societal Relevance ◽  
Real Issue ◽  
Outer World ◽  
Ontological Approach ◽  
The World

The paper calls for a paradigm shift in the definition and approach to architecture to reverse the erosion of its societal relevance, and the loss of its identity as a discipline. The paper contends that this development originated with the Renaissance when architecture evolved from a craft into an art, and the pursuit of beauty became the foremost ideal: the aspect that distinguishes architecture from “mere building”. Ever since, architecture has tried-and failed- to solve the dilemma of aesthetics: the integration of utility, technology and beauty. However, neither beauty, nor the question of aesthetics, are really the problem. The real issue is that architecture is, ultimately, about more than beauty or aesthetics: it is about our life and our existence; about creating a place for our being in the world. Architecture is, thus, grounded in an ontological paradigm rather than an aesthetic one. This has far-reaching, theoretical implications. The paper then proceeds to delineate some of the premises fundamental to an ontological approach to architecture, based on the notion that architecture makes possible the congruence between human and natural order, between our inner and our outer world. Beauty is present when one resonates and reveals itself through the other.

scholarly journals Use of Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Medicine

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deekshaa Khanna
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Computer Science ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Medical Field ◽  
Healthcare Data ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Different Types

Artificial Intelligence is a field of computer science that mimic human cognitive functions. It has brought a paradigm shift in the medical field mostly due to the increase in healthcare data and rapid increase of analytical techniques. In recent years AI has surpassed human performance in several medical field areas, and this is a great adoption in healthcare. Also, through the use of analytical techniques, AI has the capabilities to prevent, detect, diagnose, and treat a wide range of diseases. This research paper will discuss different types of Artificial Intelligence techniques and how AI has been used in healthcare. Also, it will provide a view of the future of Artificial Intelligence in healthcare.

scholarly journals POPULATION DYNAMICS OF THE SEGREGATION DISTORTER POLYMORPHISM OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Genetics ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Charlesworth ◽  
Daniel L Hartl
Keyword(s):  
Population Genetics ◽  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Core ◽  
Segregation Distorter ◽  
Tight Linkage ◽  
Highly Oscillatory ◽  
Approximate Treatment ◽  
Special Case

ABSTRACT Two two-locus models of the population dynamics of the segregation distortion (SD) polymorphism of Drosophila melanogaster are described. One model is appropriate for understanding the population genetics of SD in nature, whereas the other is a special case appropriate for understanding an artificial population that has been extensively analysed. The models incorporate the general features of the Sd and Rsp loci which form the core of the SD system. It is shown that the SD polymorphism can be established only when there is sufficiently tight linkage between Sd and Rsp. An approximate treatment, valid for tight linkage, is given of all the equilibria of the system and their stabilities. It is shown that the observed composition of natural and artificial populations with respect to the Sd and Rsp loci is predicted well by the model, provided that restrictions are imposed on the fertilities of certain genotypes. Highly oscillatory paths towards equilibrium are usually to be expected on the basis of this model. The selection pressures on inversions introduced into this system are also investigated.

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