scholarly journals Elementarna ontologia językowa rośliny – szkic semantyczny

Adeptus ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justyna Maria Małek
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Semantic Role ◽  
Semantic Roles ◽  
Language Analysis ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Linguistic Ontology

Basic linguistic ontology and plants: A semantic sketchThis article is devoted to verbs collocating with the Polish lexeme roślina ‘plant’. The aim of the study is to determine the linguistic status of the plant and to investigate whether it is ‘someone’ or ‘something’ in view of the semantics of the verbs in question. The author analyses cases in which the plant appears in the semantic role of the agent. She makes conclusions about how the lexeme roślina functions in Polish and defines its unique features (semantic connectivity) and semantic roles. The study is based on language surveys conducted among native speakers of Polish. Language analysis reveals the place of the plant in the hierarchy of living organisms. Elementarna ontologia językowa rośliny – szkic semantycznyPrzedmiotem artykułu są polskie czasowniki, które zgodnie z łączliwością semantycznoskładniową występują z leksemem roślina. Celem tekstu jest ustalenie językowego statusu rośliny oraz, dzięki badaniu semantyki czasowników, znalezienie odpowiedzi na pytanie, czy roślina jest kimś, czy czymś. Autorka analizuje czasowniki, w których roślina występuje w semantycznej roli agensa; następnie na podstawie badań językowych formułuje wnioski dotyczące sposobu funkcjonowania leksemu roślina w języku polskim, określając jego cechy unikatowe (łączliwość semantyczną) oraz role semantyczne. Metody wykorzystane w pracy to testy językowe na materiale pozytywnym i negatywnym oparte na kompetencji językowej użytkowników polszczyzny. Analiza językowa odkrywa miejsce wyznaczone dla rośliny w hierarchii organizmów żywych.

scholarly journals Semantic Roles of The Verb “To See” in Javenese of Kertosono

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-129
Author(s):  
A.A.A Ngr. Adriyanti Weda Ningrat ◽  
I Nyoman Kardana ◽  
Mirsa Umiyati
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Role Theory ◽  
Shape Function ◽  
Semantic Role ◽  
Semantic Roles ◽  
Qualitative Research Design ◽  
Semantic Fields ◽  
General Semantic

This study reveals the semantic fields from the "to see" verb in Javanese. The aims of this research is to describe the shape, function, meaning and role of semantic of each variant of the verb "to see". To realize this goal, qualitative research design was applied in this study and the semantic role theory of Vole and Van Valin (1984). Was also oriented in data analysis. Verbs that have semantic fields that are associated with the "to see" verb with intentional entities numbering 33. Each of them is ndêlok, ndêlêng, ningali, mirsani, ndeleng sacleraman, ndêlêng tênanên, ningali saestu, mirsani saestu, ningali sekedhap, mirsani sekedhap, mlengos, ngwasi, ngêmatake, ngematakên, ndhangak, dingkluk, nginceng, ngêlirêk, mêntêlêngi, ndelok mburi, and maca. The semantic roles of the arguments of each verb consist of agents and themes. This study only sheds light on the meaning field verb "to see" of the type of variant and a little about the general semantic role. For this reason, a more detailed study of the specific role of each variant of the verb is a topic that can be raised in the next study.

Adding semantic roles to the Chinese Treebank

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
NIANWEN XUE ◽  
MARTHA PALMER
Keyword(s):  
Argument Structure ◽  
Syntactic Structure ◽  
Parse Tree ◽  
Semantic Role ◽  
Lexical Database ◽  
Semantic Roles ◽  
Structure Annotation ◽  
Predicate Argument Structure ◽  
Event Result

AbstractWe report work on adding semantic role labels to the Chinese Treebank, a corpus already annotated with phrase structures. The work involves locating all verbs and their nominalizations in the corpus, and semi-automatically adding semantic role labels to their arguments, which are constituents in a parse tree. Although the same procedure is followed, different issues arise in the annotation of verbs and nominalized predicates. For verbs, identifying their arguments is generally straightforward given their syntactic structure in the Chinese Treebank as they tend to occupy well-defined syntactic positions. Our discussion focuses on the syntactic variations in the realization of the arguments as well as our approach to annotating dislocated and discontinuous arguments. In comparison, identifying the arguments for nominalized predicates is more challenging and we discuss criteria and procedures for distinguishing arguments from non-arguments. In particular we focus on the role of support verbs as well as the relevance of event/result distinctions in the annotation of the predicate-argument structure of nominalized predicates. We also present our approach to taking advantage of the syntactic structure in the Chinese Treebank to bootstrap the predicate-argument structure annotation of verbs. Finally, we discuss the creation of a lexical database of frame files and its role in guiding predicate-argument annotation. Procedures for ensuring annotation consistency and inter-annotator agreement evaluation results are also presented.

Pour un traitement unitaire de l’assignation du datif en français

2009 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fayssal Tayalati ◽  
Marleen Van Peteghem
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Role ◽  
External Argument ◽  
Semantic Roles ◽  
Internal Argument ◽  
Dative Case

The aim of this paper is to propose a unified account of dative assignment for both verbs and adjectives in French. We will show that both types of predicates assign dative case to their second internal argument, provided that this argument is situated in a higher position in the thematic hierarchy than the first internal argument. This hypothesis, which considers the dative in French as a structural rather than a semantic case, can easily account for all three-argument verbs, for most two-argument verbs and even for adjunct datives. As for the adjectival predicates, we will show that only ergative adjectives, whose first argument is an internal argument, can assign dative to their second internal argument. The few exceptions to this hypothesis can be explained by the fact that, although the dative is not a semantic case, it is associated with certain semantic roles, given that its semantic role is situated in the thematic hierarchy between the role of the external argument and the role of the first internal argument.

Alignment across Tsimshianic

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyler Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Semantic Role ◽  
Semantic Roles ◽  
Multiple Alignments ◽  
Standard Set ◽  
Person Hierarchy ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Shed Light

The Tsimshianic languages are entirely morphologically ergative in the agreement system. While there is a split in Tsimshianic, conditioned by both clause type and a person hierarchy, the other side of the split is not the expected nominative-accusative alignment. Rather, other logical groupings of semantic roles are found that are still ergative. This chapter presents a description of the agreement patterns across Tsimshianic, with the aim of explaining these expansions of ergativity, by undertaking a comparative analysis of the individual languages in the Tsimshianic family. This is analysis is extended to the connectives, which are complex, determiner-like morphemes that appear to be sensitive to the semantic role of the NP. This leads to four distinct alignments (nominative, ergative, neutral, and contrastive). An understanding of the alignments in the agreement system can shed light on this complexity, and a comparative analysis eliminates the multiple alignments in the connective system, thus revealing a fairly standard set of determiners.

SEMANTIC-SYNTACTIC COMPONENTS OF THE SITUATION FOR CONVEYING INFORMATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (32) ◽  
pp. 118-129
Author(s):  
Inna Stupak
Keyword(s):  
Explicit Expression ◽  
German Language ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Semantic Role ◽  
Significant Component ◽  
Semantic Roles ◽  
Verb Semantics ◽  
Frequency Of Use

Verbs of speech activity constitute a significant layer of verbal lexicon, which is characterized bya complex semantic structure. Depending on the nature of the semantic features, verbs of speechactivity are divided into three groups, one of which is represented byverbs to deliver information. In recentyears, there has been an increase in the frequency of use of verbs for conveying information indifferent literary styles. The aim of the study is to establish the most frequent verbs of this semanticsand to identify the specifics of their functioning in the situation for informational transmission on thematerial of German journalistic texts. The analysis of the to deliver information was carried out usingthe electronic corpus of the German language, which made it possible to trace the dynamics of theuse of 28 to deliver information, identify the four most frequent verbs and establish their semanticmodels. The situation for conveying information provides three obligatory semantic roles: agent,addressee and message.The analysis of the situation for conveying information with the verbs іnformieren, melden, mitteilen, berichten revealed the asymmetry of the obligatory components at the semantic and syntactic levels. Explicit and elliptical implementation of required components depends on the semantics of the verbs. The situation for conveying information with the verb is characterized at the syntactic level by the implementation of two semantic roles: addressee and message. The semantic role of agent in the situation for conveying information with the verbs berichten, melden, mitteilen is filled with a noun in a metonymic transfer of the type WHOLEPART, where the WHOLE is an institution, and PART is an employee or the head of this institution. The second mandatory component of the situation is addressee, who at the syntactic level has an explicit expression mainly with the verb іnformieren. In the situation with the verbs berichten, melden, mitteilen the semantic role of addressee is identified by the previous context. The third obligatory component of the situation for conveying information – the information that istransmitted – has both explicit and deictic expression. Verb semantics, communicative necessity and the principle of saving language efforts regulate the implementation of the obligatory semantic components of the situation for conveying information. The most significant component of the informational situation has an explicit expression. In general, the analyzed verbs are characterized by the possibility of shiftingthe focus of attention to any of the obligatory components.

The grammar, meaning, and referential functions of else

2000 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Foong Ha Yap ◽  
Marianne Celce-Murcia
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Native Speaker ◽  
American English ◽  
Semantic Role ◽  
Spoken Discourse ◽  
Frequency Of Use ◽  
Different Types ◽  
English Native Speaker

Although else is recognized as a cohesive device (e.g. Halliday & Hasan, 1976: 76), it has received relatively little attention in the literature. To help remedy the situation, this article investigates how native speakers use else in both written and spoken discourse. We first review the literature for a description of the meaning(s) of else, then identify its most common meaning as reflected in its frequency of use in American English native-speaker discourse. More specifically, we undertake a quantitative analysis of the frequency and distribution of different types of else constructions, as well as a qualitative analysis of how else functions as a referential and cohesive marker. The unique referential role of else is then highlighted by contrasting it with its closest synonym, namely other. It is shown that these two referential and cohesive markers complement each other, with else playing a less specified semantic role than other.

scholarly journals Case relations vs. semantic roles

2016 ◽  
Vol 72 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
Zuzanna Topolińska
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Semantic Role ◽  
Semantic Roles ◽  
Object A ◽  
Factor I ◽  
Syntactic Relation

The author understands the ?case? as a semantically motivated syntactic relation between the predicate and its implied argument. The semantic motivation of the relation means that the semantic role of the respective argument is coded in the semantic structure of the controlling predicate. Traditional adverbal cases such as Nominative, Dative, Accusative, Instrumental, Locative imply primarily arguments functioning as agent (N), addressee/beneficient (D), object (A), accompanying factor (I), location (L) - the above labels should be understood as generalized semantic roles. The set of concrete roles is open and it is impossible and unnecessary to compile a universal inventory of semantic roles.

scholarly journals Category Of Complement And Semantic Role Of Single Argument In Balinese Syntactic Constructions

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 384
Author(s):  
I Nyoman Kardana ◽  
I Made Beni Wrihatnala ◽  
Made Sri Satyawati
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Semantic Role ◽  
Semantic Roles ◽  
Intransitive Verb ◽  
Single Argument ◽  
Language Data ◽  
Observation Method ◽  
Few Data ◽  
The City

This study aims to analyze and describe the word category of complement and semantic roles of single argument found in syntactic constructions with complement in Balinese language. Data of this study was collected from Balinese speaking informants living in the city of Denpasar, Bali. The data was supported by those obtained from Balinese story books. The data was collected by observation method completed with recording and note taking techniques. The collected data was analyzed based on theory of semantic role proposed by Van Valin and LaPolla, 1997 and by I Saeed, 1997. The result shows that complement in Balinese can be filled in by noun, adjective, numeral, and verb. The verb predicate of constructions with complement are mostly intransitive verb with ma- but in few data of intransitive verb with N- are also found. Then, the semantic roles of single argument in constructions with complement are agent, experiencer, patient, and recipient. Key words: complement, semantic role, argument, intransitive, transitive.

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