‘This Web Page Should Not Exist’

2020 ◽  
pp. 187-214
Author(s):  
Mojca M. Plesničar ◽  
Pika Šarf
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Hate Speech ◽  
Web Page ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Scrutiny ◽  
Legal Contexts ◽  
Context Specific

Plesničar and Šarf’s chapter considers the backlash to hate speech occurring on social media in the Slovenian context. When seemingly public content on Facebook was republished on a denunciatory Tumblr page, it was re-contextualised, and its authors came under greater public scrutiny. Yet when physical posters of the denunciations appeared in the nation’s capital, a counter-denunciation arose against the anonymous authors of the Tumblr page, and a broader debate emerged about the appropriateness of these tactics. This chapter draws upon a range of data to consider the socio-cultural as well as legal contexts of republishing as weaponised visibility. Not only does this case raise the issue of who is entitled to denounce, but also how the notion of ‘the public’ itself may be context-specific and contested.

scholarly journals Prinsip-Prinsip Etika Kristiani Bermedia Sosial

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-68
Author(s):  
Simon Simon ◽  
Tan Lie Lie ◽  
Heppy Wenny Komaling
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Hate Speech ◽  
Christian Ethics ◽  
Media Ethics ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
The Public ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
The People ◽  
At Will

Indonesian netizens are often labeled as social media users at will without heeding politeness when interacting. This assessment is further confirmed by a survey conducted by Microsoft,  that Medsos users are labeled as netizens with the worst politeness level for Southeast Asia scale. The predicate is certainly aimed at allreligius netizens without emphasizing certain beliefs. The low politeness indicates the lack of social media ethics applied by the people of the country. Ironically, Indonesia is known as areligius and civilized country, it seems invisible if you look at the behavior of netizens who are. The method used in this paper is descriptive qualitative method with a literature study approach. The description of this topic religion certainly teaches how politeness and politeness in the public space are displayed especially in social media, because politeness is an indikator we are called ethical or not. The principle of Christian ethics teaches that when using social media what a believer must do is not to do body shaming with other online media users, or not to comment racistically. Because God does not differentiate between fellow humans by loving one and not loving another just because humans are different physically, race or nation. The next principle of Christian ethics in social media is not to argue theologically and not to spit negative things. The goal is to avoid quarrels, let alone hate speech. Netizen Indonesia kerap di cap sebagai pengguna media sosial sesuka hati tanpa mengindahkan kesantunan ketika berinteraksi. Penilaian ini makin dipertegas melalui survei yang dilakukan oleh Microsoft,  bahwa pengguna Medsos dilabeli sebagai netizen dengan tingkat kesopanan paling buruk untuk skala Asia Tenggara. Predikat itu tentu ditujukan kepada semua netizen yang beragama tanpa menitik-beratkan keyakinan tertentu. Rendahnya kesopanan menandakan kurangnya etika bermedia sosial diterapkan oleh masyarakat tanah air. Ironisnya, Indonesia yang di kenal sebagai negara yang religius dan beradab, hal itu seakan tidak terlihat bila melihat perilaku netizen yang bar-bar. Metode yang digunakan dalam tulisan ini adalah metode kualitatif deskriftif dengan pendekatan studi kepustakaan. Uraian dari topik ini agama tentu mengajarkan bagaimana kesopanan dan kesantunan di ruang publik ditampilkan terlebih dalam bermedia sosial, karena kesopanan itu merupakan indikator kita di sebut beretika atau tidak. Prinsip etika Kristiani mengajarkan bahwa ketika bermedia sosial  yang  harus dilakukan orang Kristen  adalah tidak melakukanbody shaming kesesama pengguna media online, maupun tidak berkomentar secara rasis. Karena Allah tidak membeda-bedakan sesama manusia dengan mengasihi yang satu dan tidak mengasihi yang lain hanya karena manusia itu berbeda secara fisik, ras atau bangsa. Prinsip etika Kristiani berikutnya dalam bermedia sosial adalah tidak berdebat secara teologis dan tidak mengumbar hal negatif. Tujuannya  agar tidak terjadi pertengkaran apalagi ujaran kebencian.

HATE SPEECH IN THE INTERNET PUBLIC DISCOURSE

Yazykoznaniye ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 92-118
Author(s):  
Liliya Komalova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
Hate Speech ◽  
Broad Sense ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Behavioral Characteristics ◽  
The Public

The paper provides an overview of foreign studies on the implementation of hate speech in the public discourse of institutional and non-institutional media and social media based on the material of Indo-European, Fino-Ugric and Sino-Tibetan language families. The content of the concept «hate speech» is analyzed in the broad sense of this word. The findings reveal thematic, discursive, and cognitive features of hate speech realization, the behavioral characteristics of haters, as well as the groups of people towards whom hate speech is most often targeted.

Sentiment of the public: the role of social media in revealing important events

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoda Daou
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Peer Review ◽  
Topic Detection ◽  
Online Content ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Public ◽  
Detection Algorithms ◽  
Diffusion Of Information ◽  
Context Specific

PurposeSocial media is characterized by its volume, its speed of generation and its easy and open access; all this making it an important source of information that provides valuable insights. Content characteristics such as valence and emotions play an important role in the diffusion of information; in fact, emotions can shape virality of topics in social media. The purpose of this research is to fill the gap in event detection applied on online content by incorporating sentiment, more specifically strong sentiment, as main attribute in identifying relevant content.Design/methodology/approachThe study proposes a methodology based on strong sentiment classification using machine learning and an advanced scoring technique.FindingsThe results show the following key findings: the proposed methodology is able to automatically capture trending topics and achieve better classification compared to state-of-the-art topic detection algorithms. In addition, the methodology is not context specific; it is able to successfully identify important events from various datasets within the context of politics, rallies, various news and real tragedies.Originality/valueThis study fills the gap of topic detection applied on online content by building on the assumption that important events trigger strong sentiment among the society. In addition, classic topic detection algorithms require tuning in terms of number of topics to search for. This methodology involves scoring the posts and, thus, does not require limiting the number topics; it also allows ordering the topics by relevance based on the value of the score.Peer reviewThe peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/OIR-12-2019-0373

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF THE MASS MEDIA IN THE 2017 GUBERNATORIAL ELECTION OF JAKARTA

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-246
Author(s):  
Rina Hermawati ◽  
Nunung Runiawati
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Hate Speech ◽  
Online Media ◽  
Public Interests ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Media ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Gubernatorial Election ◽  
Local Leaders

Purpose of Study: The media have an important role in the introducing process of candidates of local leaders. Various opinions on the candidates may be formed and spread to the public through the media. The media are able to organize realities from various events occurred so that they become the discourse that supports or rejects the candidates. Methodology: The media’s construction of the candidates is determined by three main factors, namely the media’s par- tiality towards capitalism/capital owners; quasi-support for the public and support for the public interests. The relation between the media and capital owners may make the news report of the media unbalance and tend to be on the side of certain candidates. The news narrative, the terms used, and the resource persons invited are adjusted to the interests of the media to make certain candidates win. Results: The media wars occur in every election for local leaders. One of the elections for local leaders that involved the media war is the Jakarta Election 2017. The media war occurred not only in offline such as printed matter media and online media but also in social media like Facebook and Twitter. Social media were filled with the issue about diversity against obedience to religion which was followed by some hate speech, hoax news, and insults from those who were not of the same opinion. Through this discourse, the political image of the candidate was constructed.

scholarly journals Penyalahgunaan Media Sosial Sebagai Alat Propaganda

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-76
Author(s):  
Rety Palupi
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Hate Speech ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Public ◽  
Political World ◽  
Digital Era ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government

Changes in the communication of information continue to occur along with the advancement of technology in the digital era. Nowadays everyone can work as a journalist even though he or she has never learned the basics of journalism. The public also frequently receive information or news that raise the eyebrows — ranging from disaster threats to information about the political world. The finding of this research is that often information that circulates in the hands of Warganet is a hoax and even hate speech, despite the government efforts to reduce the spread of hoax and hate speech. With this paper, the author aims at disclosing the propaganda elements in the hoax and hate speech in the social media as in the digital era the social media is the most vulnerable in spreading of hoax news and hate speech. By utilising qualitative content analysis, the author discusses five hoax news and hate speeches which are dissected using nine propaganda practices. The conclusion obtained by the author is that the hoax news and hate speech comprise of elements of exaggeration, rhetoric, recognition and influence on a variety of parties, as well as prejudices supplemented by emotions. 

scholarly journals Technofeudalism illustrated by Trump's Twitter suspension and Australia vs. Google and Facebook dispute

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 538-561
Author(s):  
Ljubiša Bojić ◽  
Damir Zejnulahović ◽  
Miloš Janković
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Political Communication ◽  
Hate Speech ◽  
Communication Tool ◽  
The Public ◽  
Media Regulation ◽  
Legislative Branch ◽  
The World ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
Legislative Processes

Social media are becoming an indispensable communication tool today, including political communication. Therefore, technological companies running them have a great power. Every intervention they have in the public sphere may have far-reaching consequences. We will focus on two cases of the influence of technological companies on media, election and legislative processes as basic factors of democracy. We will consider the implications of the prohibition of Donald Trump's use of Twitter, as well as the conflict of Australia's media policy with Facebook and Google. We have reached the conclusion that in these cases technological companies took over the power that used to belong to the judicial and legislative branch of power, in terms of defining what hate speech, as well as media regulation is. Accordingly, this threatens the information system and sovereignty of the countries where these interventions are made. These events indicate that the world is entering a period of domination of technological companies, which may be called technocracy or technofeudalism. Further considerations should be directed towards defining social media as a public good that should be influenced by societies and not only technological companies as the owners of these communication platforms.

scholarly journals Media Sosial Dan Kebijakan Kapolri Mengenai ”Hate Speech” (Ujaran Kebencian)

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Satria Kusuma ◽  
Djuara P. Lubis
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Hate Speech ◽  
Public Information ◽  
Shared Responsibility ◽  
The Public ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
The Government ◽  
False News

The developments of information technologies affect the life of democracy in Indonesia. Information technology such as social media has caused social change. Social media should be a public space to establish relations and public information centers. The user submits a message to create a closer ties with the community and convey information about social problems. The public get information faster from social media rather than print media, radio and television. But there are some people who spread false news (hoaxes) or even attack the other party through hate speech. Such actions lead to defamation toward certain people then lead public opinion to worsen the socio-political situation, causing a split. The insult to the President by a citizen through a message on social media which continues to the proceedings reminds us to be more concerned about the ethical consideration of communication in public spaces. This issue should be a shared responsibility between the organizers and users of social media in order to maintain a cultured communication behavior and ethical understanding. The policy from the head of Indonesian Police regarding hate speech in social media is the firm stance of the government against violators who deliberately spread messages of hate, violate the values, norms, manners and ethics. The act of spreading the message of hate speech is against the law. Hate speech message ruins the conduciveness of social and political situation. This kind of violation could threaten the mentality of younger generations as users of social media in creating a civilized communication in Indonesia.Keywords: hate speech policy, messages of hate, and social media.

scholarly journals Makna Teks Ujaran Kebencian Pada Media Sosial

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Dita Kusumasari ◽  
S. Arifianto
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Public Sphere ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Hate Speech ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Comparison Theory ◽  
The Public ◽  
Political Views ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
Political Economic

 Public sphere in social media, which should be used for information exchange, science, also democratic and independent values, currently are partially replaced by certain political economic matters. The public sphere has shifted into media of spreading hate speech. For that reason, this study aims to explain the meaning of the use of public sphere for presence of hate speech texts which are constructed to attack others with differing ideological and political views; also describes factors that affect the use of hate speech. This study applies phenomenological approach to the text of speech hate on social media and its critical impact in Indonesia. Data collection is done through observation, comparison theory, and literature studies. By referring the concept of Habermas (1989) related public sphere, supported by expert statements and qualitative data; conclusions of this article show that public sphere in social media is no longer functioning as a communication media, where thought and knowledge are exchanged for values in a dialogical, independent and democratic way. Its existence has partially replaced by capitalist economic forces and pragmatic politics in order to achieve certain goals instantly, at the expense of its values and social cultural ethics. Ruang publik pada media sosial, yang seharusnya berfungsi sebagai tempat pertukaran gagasan dan ilmu pengetahuan dengan nilai-nilai secara demokratis dan independen, sebagian kini telah tergantikan oleh kekuatan ekonomi politik tertentu. Fungsi ruang publik tersebut kini telah bergeser sebagai arena penyebaran teks ujaran kebencian, yang menyebabkan audiens mengalami kesulitan dalam membedakan informasi yang akurat dengan teks yang berupa berita palsu, termasuk ujaran kebencian. Oleh karena itu, studi ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis makna teks ujaran kebencian yang beredar melalui saluran media sosial. Artikel ini menjabarkan penggunaan ruang publik atas hadirnya teks ujaran kebencian yang dikonstruksi untuk menyerang pihak lain dengan pandangan ideologi dan politik yang berbeda; serta menjelaskan faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap penggunaan teks ujaran kebencian. Penelitian ini menerapkan pendekatan fenomenologi terhadap teks ujaran kebencian pada media sosial dan dampak kritisnya di Indonesia. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi, perbandingan teori, dan studi literatur. Dengan penjabaran yang mengacu pada konsep Habermas (1989) tentang ruang publik, didukung data kualitatif dan argumen lainnya, simpulan dalam artikel ini menunjukkan bahwa ruang publik pada media sosial bukan lagi hanya berfungsi sebagai arena berkomunikasi, tempat pemikiran dan pengetahuan dipertukarkan nilai nilai secara dialogis, independen dan demokratis. Keberadaannya sebagian telah tergeser oleh kekuatan ekonomi kapitalis dan politik pragmatis untuk mencapai tujuan tertentu yang bersifat instan, dengan mengorbankan nilai dan estetika sosial budayanya.

scholarly journals The Connection of Moral With Social Media

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ni Made Maheswari Anindya Putri ◽  
Nada Anjani Putri Hermawan ◽  
Moses Glorino Rumambo Pandin
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Hate Speech ◽  
Public Life ◽  
Moral Formation ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Face ◽  
Considerable Impact ◽  
Use Of Social Media ◽  
The Right ◽  
Speech Content

Social media has become a big role in people's lives. The attitudes and influence of today's society are greatly influenced by the circulation of information on social media. One of the things that has a considerable impact in public life is the rampant spread of negative hate speech content on social media. In the face of hate speech on social media it takes foundation and conviction to be right and respectful. Individuals should have the right attitude so that decisions are taken based on belief in the truth of the information received, and not based on assumptions and feelings alone. So the external target of this paper is so that the public can assess what is good and what is not so that people can use social media positively. The approach we use in this activity is a qualitative approach. We choose to use this approach because we use journals as references. Based on the results and discussions above it can be concluded that social media becomes important in today's era. The use of social media is determined by the application, content and the effect it has in shaping a person's morals. The moral formation of a person who is positive and negative from social media used on his gadgets.

scholarly journals Insults, criminalization, and calls for violence: Forms of hate speech and offensive language in German user comments on immigration

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sünje Paasch-Colberg ◽  
Joachim Trebbe ◽  
Christian Strippel ◽  
Martin Emmer
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
Hate Speech ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
The Public ◽  
Text Annotation ◽  
User Comments ◽  
News Websites ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
Offensive Language

In the past decade, the public discourse on immigration in Germany has been strongly affected by right-wing populist, racist, and Islamophobic positions. This becomes evident especially in the comment sections of news websites and social media platforms, where user discussions often escalate and trigger hate comments against refugees and immigrants and also against journalists, politicians, and other groups. In view of the threatening consequences such sentiments can have for groups who are targeted by right-wing extremist violence, we take a closer look into such user discussions to gain detailed insights into the various forms of hate speech and offensive language against these groups. Using a modularized framework that goes beyond the common “hate/no-hate” dichotomy in the field, we conducted a structured text annotation of 5,031 user comments posted on German news websites and social media in March 2019. Most of the hate speech we found was directed against refugees and immigrants, while other groups were mostly exposed to various forms of offensive language. In comments containing hate speech, refugees and Muslims were frequently stereotyped as criminals, whereas extreme forms of hate speech, such as calls for violence, were rare in our data. These findings are discussed with a focus on their potential consequences for public discourse on immigration in Germany.

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