scholarly journals Checklist of fossil liverworts suitable for calibrating phylogenetic reconstructions

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
KATHRIN FELDBERG ◽  
S. ROBBERT GRADSTEIN ◽  
CARSTEN GRÖHN ◽  
JOCHEN HEINRICHS† ◽  
MATT VON KONRAT ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microscopic Investigation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Phylogenetic Reconstructions ◽  
Fossil Evidence ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Minimum Age ◽  
Age Constraints

The number of available liverwort fossils substantially increased within the past decade, which is mainly due to new findings from Cretaceous and Cenozoic amber deposits. Many of them, however, are fragmentary and not predestined for consideration in evolutionary analyses. Here, we list those liverwort fossils that we suggest as suitable for calibrating phylogenetic reconstructions, along with brief descriptions, justification of their use, and age information. Our recommendations are based on thorough microscopic investigation of available fossils from worldwide amber collections including recent findings. We recommend that the following 42 fossil taxa can be used as confident minimum age constraints in phylogenetic reconstructions: Acrolejeunea ucrainica (35 Ma), Anastrophyllum rovnoi (35 Ma), Bazzania polyodus (34 Ma), Blepharolejeunea obovata (15 Ma), the genus Bryopteris with B. bispinosa and B. succinea (15 Ma), Calypogeia stenzeliana (34 Ma), Cephaloziella nadezhdae (35 Ma), the genus Ceratolejeunea with C. antiqua, C. palaeomexicana, and C. sublaetefusca (15 Ma), Cheilolejeunea latiloba (34 Ma), Cheirorhiza brittae (158 Ma), Cololejeunea sp. (15 Ma), Cyclolejeunea archaica (15 Ma), Dibrachiella grollei (15 Ma), Diettertia montanensis (112 Ma), Drepanolejeunea eogena (15 Ma), the genus Frullania with F. baerlocheri, F. cretacea, and F. partita (99 Ma), Frullania subgen. Frullania with F. casparyi (34 Ma) and F. riclefgrollei (35 Ma), F. subgen. Trachycolea with F. rovnoi (35 Ma) and F. schumannii (34 Ma), Gackstroemia cretacea (99 Ma), Geocalyx heinrichsii (34 Ma), the genus Lejeunea with L. hamatiloba, L. miocenica, L. resinata, and L. urbanioides (15 Ma), Lopholejeunea subnigricans (15 Ma), Marchantites cyathodoides (228 Ma), Marchesinia brachiata (15 Ma), Metzgeriothallus sharonae (383 Ma), Microlejeunea nyiahae (52 Ma), Neurolejeunea macrostipula (15 Ma), Nipponolejeunea europaea (34 Ma), Notoscyphus balticus (34 Ma), Odontoschisma (sect. Iwatsukia) dimorpha (34 Ma), Plagiochila groehnii (34 Ma), Porella subgrandiloba (34 Ma), Protolophozia kutscheri (34 Ma), Radula (subgen. Odontoradula) cretacea (99 Ma), R. (subgen. Amentuloradula) heinrichsii (99 Ma), Scapania hoffeinsiana (34 Ma), Solenostoma berendtii (34 Ma), Spruceanthus polonicus (34 Ma), Stictolejeunea squamata (15 Ma), Tetralophozia groehnii (34 Ma), Thysananthus auriculatus (15 Ma), Thysananthus contortus (34 Ma). Furthermore, we transfer Lophozia kutscheri to Protolophozia, Archilejeunea grollei to Dibrachiella, Frullania ucrainica to Acrolejeunea, and Mastigolejeunea extincta to Spruceanthus, based on new fossil evidence and morphological revisions.

scholarly journals Sixty Years with the Chrysobalanaceae

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghillean T. Prance
Keyword(s):  
Economic Botany ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Conservation Ecology ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Findings ◽  
The Family ◽  
Molecular Studies ◽  
Economic Use

AbstractA review is given of the studies of Ghillean Prance and associates on the Chrysobalanaceae over the past sixty years. This has focussed on defining the generic boundaries in the family and on monographic work with a worldwide approach to this pantropical family. The importance of field studies for work on monographs and Floras is emphasized. Monographs are still the basis for much work on conservation, ecology and economic botany and are needed as a foundation for molecular studies. The importance of being open to experimenting with new techniques and as a result being willing to change the taxonomy in accordance with new findings is demonstrated and emphasized. The twelve genera of the Chrysobalanaceae at the beginning of this career-long study have now increased to twenty-eight in order to present a much better monophyletic and evolutionary arrangement based on recent molecular evidence. In particular it was necessary to divide and rearrange the originally large genera Parinari and Licania into a number of smaller segregate genera. All known species were included in a worldwide monograph published in 2003. A brief review of the economic use for the family is given.

scholarly journals Volcanic synchronization of Dome Fuji and Dome C Antarctic deep ice cores over the past 216 kyr

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1395-1416 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Fujita ◽  
F. Parrenin ◽  
M. Severi ◽  
H. Motoyama ◽  
E. W. Wolff
Keyword(s):  
Age Differences ◽  
Flow Model ◽  
Ice Cores ◽  
Ice Flow ◽  
Surface Mass ◽  
The Past ◽  
The One ◽  
Mis 5E ◽  
Age Constraints ◽  
Mis 5

Abstract. Two deep ice cores, Dome Fuji (DF) and EPICA Dome C (EDC), drilled at remote dome summits in Antarctica, were volcanically synchronized to improve our understanding of their chronologies. Within the past 216 kyr, 1401 volcanic tie points have been identified. DFO2006 is the chronology for the DF core that strictly follows O2 / N2 age constraints with interpolation using an ice flow model. AICC2012 is the chronology for five cores, including the EDC core, and is characterized by glaciological approaches combining ice flow modelling with various age markers. A precise comparison between the two chronologies was performed. The age differences between them are within 2 kyr, except at Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5. DFO2006 gives ages older than AICC2012, with peak values of 4.5 and 3.1 kyr at MIS 5d and MIS 5b, respectively. Accordingly, the ratios of duration (AICC2012 / DFO2006) range between 1.4 at MIS 5e and 0.7 at MIS 5a. When making a comparison with accurately dated speleothem records, the age of DFO2006 agrees well at MIS 5d, while the age of AICC2012 agrees well at MIS 5b, supporting their accuracy at these stages. In addition, we found that glaciological approaches tend to give chronologies with younger ages and with longer durations than age markers suggest at MIS 5d–6. Therefore, we hypothesize that the causes of the DFO2006–AICC2012 age differences at MIS 5 are (i) overestimation in surface mass balance at around MIS 5d–6 in the glaciological approach and (ii) an error in one of the O2 / N2 age constraints by ~ 3 kyr at MIS 5b. Overall, we improved our knowledge of the timing and duration of climatic stages at MIS 5. This new understanding will be incorporated into the production of the next common age scale. Additionally, we found that the deuterium signals of ice, δDice, at DF tends to lead the one at EDC, with the DF lead being more pronounced during cold periods. The lead of DF is by +710 years (maximum) at MIS 5d, −230 years (minimum) at MIS 7a and +60 to +126 years on average.

The Proterozoic Record of Eukaryotes

Paleobiology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 610-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phoebe A. Cohen ◽  
Francis A. Macdonald
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Snowball Earth ◽  
Geographic Variability ◽  
The Past ◽  
Past Half Century ◽  
Age Constraints ◽  
Composition Changes ◽  
Current Record ◽  
Past Half ◽  
Early Neoproterozoic

AbstractProterozoic strata host evidence of global “Snowball Earth” glaciations, large perturbations to the carbon cycle, proposed changes in the redox state of oceans, the diversification of microscopic eukaryotes, and the rise of metazoans. Over the past half century, the number of fossils described from Proterozoic rocks has increased exponentially. These discoveries have occurred alongside an increased understanding of the Proterozoic Earth system and the geological context of fossil occurrences, including improved age constraints. However, the evaluation of relationships between Proterozoic environmental change and fossil diversity has been hampered by several factors, particularly lithological and taphonomic biases. Here we compile and analyze the current record of eukaryotic fossils in Proterozoic strata to assess the effect of biases and better constrain diversity through time. Our results show that mean within assemblage diversity increases through the Proterozoic Eon due to an increase in high diversity assemblages, and that this trend is robust to various external factors including lithology and paleogeographic location. In addition, assemblage composition changes dramatically through time. Most notably, robust recalcitrant taxa appear in the early Neoproterozoic Era, only to disappear by the beginning of the Ediacaran Period. Within assemblage diversity is significantly lower in the Cryogenian Period than in the preceding and following intervals, but the short duration of the nonglacial interlude and unusual depositional conditions may present additional biases. In general, large scale patterns of diversity are robust while smaller scale patterns are difficult to discern through the lens of lithological, taphonomic, and geographic variability.

New Physics: Sae Mulli, the Past 60 Years and the Next 60 Years

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (11) ◽  
pp. 2-7
Author(s):  
Jae-Hyeon KO
Keyword(s):  
New Physics ◽  
Current Status ◽  
The Past ◽  
Korean Physical Society ◽  
New Findings ◽  
History Of

The first issue of the journal “New Physics: Sae Mulli”, one of the representative journals of the Korean Physical Society, was published in May 1961. Since then, Sae Mulli has evolved as an important platform for sharing new findings with those members belonging to the Korean Physical Society. This article presents a brief review of the history of this journal. It also includes the current status of and prospects for this journal.

Beyond the Glittering Eye

2020 ◽  
pp. 117-183
Author(s):  
Shibani Bose
Keyword(s):  
Ancient India ◽  
Human Interactions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Fossil Evidence ◽  
Wide Range

Notwithstanding the cultural fascination evoked by the tiger, wildlife histories have done little to salvage it from the shadows of the past, particularly in the context of ancient India. This chapter endeavours to fill in this gap by marshalling evidence testifying to human interactions with this mega carnivore in early India. It underlines the dearth of fossil evidence, notes the patchy evidence offered by the archaeozoological record, and details the images which can be garnered from visual depictions of the animal on seals, copper tablets, and terracottas. It also explores at length the ways in which it is perceived in a wide range of Sanskrit, Pali, Prakrit, and classical Western accounts. Typically an animal of the forest and jungle, charting the journey of the tiger provides valuable glimpses into India’s ancient ecological past.

How Do Actions Influence Attitudes? An Inferential Account of the Impact of Action Performance on Stimulus Evaluation

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pieter Van Dessel ◽  
Sean Hughes ◽  
Jan De Houwer
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Predictive Processing ◽  
Inferential Reasoning ◽  
Approach And Avoidance ◽  
The Past ◽  
Stimulus Evaluation ◽  
New Findings ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Automatic Formation

Over the past decade, an increasing number of studies have shown that the performance of specific actions (e.g., approach and avoidance) in response to a stimulus can lead to changes in how that stimulus is evaluated. In contrast to the reigning idea that these effects are mediated by the automatic formation and activation of associations in memory, we describe an inferential account that specifies the inferences underlying the effects and how these inferences are formed. We draw on predictive processing theories to explain the basic processes underlying inferential reasoning and their main characteristics. Our inferential account accommodates past findings, is supported by new findings, and leads to novel predictions as well as concrete recommendations for how action performance can be used to influence real-world behavior.

scholarly journals Revision of the genus Exsuperantia Özdikmen, 2009 (Tetractinellida: Phymaraphiniidae) with description of a new species from the Atlantic Ocean

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4613 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
FRANCISCA C. CARVALHO ◽  
ANDRZEJ PISERA
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
The Past ◽  
Phylogenetic Reconstructions ◽  
The Family ◽  
Long Time ◽  
New Material ◽  
Northeast Atlantic Ocean ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
A New Species

Phymaraphiniidae Schrammen 1924 (Porifera: Astrophorina) is a family of lithistid demosponges that has received little attention in the past decades. The systematic problems within this family have not been addressed for a long time due to the absence of new records and material. The genus Exsuperantia Özdikmen 2009 was first described by Schmidt (1879) as Rimella to allocate the species Rimella clava, found in the Caribbean. In 1892, Topsent found what he thought to be the same species described by Schmidt in the Azores, and synonymized it with Racodiscula clava, as he thought this species belonged to the family Theonellidae Lendenfeld 1903. However, Rimella and Racodiscula belong to distinct families: Rimella to Phymaraphiniidae, and Racodiscula to Theonellidae. Due to the fact that the genus Rimella was already preoccupied by a gastropod, it was renamed as Exsuperantia. In result of the poor preservation of Schmidt’s material and the absence of new specimens, the attribution of Topsent’s specimens to the family level remained obscure. Here, we review the genus Exsuperantia based on the analysis of new material recently collected during various research expeditions in the northeast Atlantic Ocean. The comparison of these new specimens with Schmidt’s and Topsent’s type material, allowed us to assign Topsent’s specimens to a new species, Exsuperantia archipelagus sp. nov., and confirm its attribution to the family Phymaraphiniidae (not Theonellidae). Phylogenetic reconstructions using newly generated sequences of the cytochrome subunit (COI) marker also support the assignment of the new species to the family Phymaraphiniidae (not Theonellidae). 

Introduction: Historical Coherence, Complexity, and the Scientific Revolution

2007 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 439-444
Author(s):  
DONALD A. YERXA
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Revolution ◽  
Inadequate Response ◽  
Historical Inquiry ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Multiple Levels ◽  
The Rich

Historical inquiry today is robust at multiple levels and celebrates novel interpretation and the rich complexity of the past. Although historians show no signs of paralysis in the light of the epistemological challenges of the 1980s and 1990s, many remain disillusioned with traditional periodization schemes. In the case of the Scientific Revolution, this skittishness seems to translate into a sceptical resignation about the possibility that the new scholarship can ever reveal an underlying coherence. As the essays in this forum on the Scientific Revolution demonstrate, however, such resignation is an inadequate response to novelty and complexity. New findings ought to prod historians to search for more intricate and satisfactory patterns.

scholarly journals The remarkable improvements in survival at older ages

1997 ◽  
Vol 352 (1363) ◽  
pp. 1799-1804 ◽  
Author(s):  
James W. Vaupel
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Oldest Old ◽  
Human Survival ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Mortality Improvement ◽  
Remarkable Progress

The belief that old–age mortality is intractable remains deeply held by many people. Remarkable progress, however, has been made since 1950, and especially since 1970, in substantially improving survival at older ages, even the most advanced ages. The pace of mortality improvement at older ages continues to be particularly rapid in Japan, even though mortality levels in Japan are lower than elsewhere. The progress in improving survival has accelerated the growth of the population of older people and has advanced the frontier of human survival substantially beyond the extremes of longevity attained in pre–industrial times. Little, however, is known about why mortality among the oldest–old has been so plastic since 1950. The little that is known has largely been learned within the past few years. New findings, especially concerning genetic factors that influence longevity, are emerging at accelerating rate.

The early Mesozoic radiation of dinoflagellates

Paleobiology ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Fensome ◽  
R. A. MacRae ◽  
J. M. Moldowan ◽  
F. J. R. Taylor ◽  
G. L. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
The Past ◽  
Early Mesozoic ◽  
Fossil Evidence ◽  
Evolutionary Radiation ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Sudden Appearance ◽  
New Evidence

Dinoflagellates are a major component of the marine microplankton and, from fossil evidence, appear to have been so for the past 200 million years. In contrast, the pre-Triassic record contains only equivocal occurrences of dinoflagellates, despite the fact that comparative ultrastructural and molecular phylogenetic evidence indicates a Precambrian origin for the lineage. Thus, it has often been assumed that the dearth of Paleozoic fossil dinoflagellates was due to a lack of preservation or recognition and that the relatively sudden appearance of dinoflagellates in the Mesozoic is an artifact of the record. However, new evidence from a detailed analysis of the fossil record and from the biogeochemical record indicates that dinoflagellates did indeed undergo a major evolutionary radiation in the early Mesozoic.

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