scholarly journals Bryophyte diversity patterns in flooded and tierra firme forests in the Araracuara Region, Colombian Amazonia

2004 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-126
Author(s):  
Juan C. Benavides ◽  
Alvaro Idarraga ◽  
Esteban Alvarez
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Habitat Use ◽  
Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Life Form ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Species Assemblages ◽  
Species Assemblage ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Independence Test ◽  
Tierra Firme

We investigated patterns of bryophyte species richness and composition in two forest types of Colombian Amazonia, non-flooded tierra firme forest and floodplain forest of the Caquetá River. A total of 109 bryophyte species were recorded from 14 0.2 ha plots. Bryophyte life forms and habitats were analyzed, including the canopy and epiphylls. Bryophyte species did not show significant differences between landscapes but mosses and liverworts were different and with opposite responses balancing the overall richness. Independence test showed differences in both life form and habitat use distribution between the two forest types with more fan and mat bryophytes species in the floodplains, and more epiphytic liverworts in the tierra firme forest. Correspondence analysis showed differences in the bryophyte species assemblage between the two forest types where they may be responding to the higher humidity provided by the flooding. Despite of, the environmental differences detected, epiphyll species assemblages were not strongly affected. Apparently, epiphyll habitat is stressful enough to hide the environmental differences between the flooded and Tierra firme forests.

scholarly journals Temporary freshwater wetlands floristics in central Mexico highlands

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Lobato-de Magalhães ◽  
Mahinda Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Life Form ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Freshwater Wetlands ◽  
Central Mexico ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Temporary Wetlands ◽  
First Time ◽  
Economic Use

<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mexico has a high diversity of aquatic and subaquatic plants that occur between 1,000 and 2,500 m of elevation, although a larger proportion of aquatic plants is concentrated at lower altitudes. Temporary wetlands harbor close to 73 % of the aquatic species in Mexico. These systems are under a strong anthropogenic pressure and suffer constant degradation.</p><p><strong>Questions:</strong> i) How many species grow in highland temporary wetlands? ii) Are they floristically similar? iii) Is there a latitudinal pattern of species richness?</p><p><strong>Studied groups: </strong>Charophyta, Pteridophyta, Angiosperms.</p><p><strong>Study site and years of study:</strong> Central Mexico (39 wetlands) from 2015 to 2016.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We collected in 39 temporary wetlands for two years. We made a presence/absence list of species per locality, and calculated floristic similarities and correlations between wetlands. We include data characterizing life form, plant use, and conservation status.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> We found 126 species belonging to 80 genera and 38 families. The richest families were Cyperaceae, Asteraceae, and Poaceae. As to genera, <em>Eleocharis</em>, <em>Cyperus</em>, and <em>Juncus </em>had more species. Species with the widest distributions were <em>Persicaria mexicana</em>, <em>Marsilea mollis</em>, <em>Luziola fluitans</em>, <em>Heteranthera peduncularis</em>, and <em>Nymphoides fallax</em>.  We found five different life forms – all herbaceous, including 27 threatened species, 24 species with economic use, 48 endemic species, and 19 cosmopolitan species. In addition, we found 20 species recorded for the first time in some states included in our study, and two species of <em>Eleocharis</em> that might represent undescribed species. The richest wetland harbors 40 species, the poorest has only five. Wetlands were comparable to each other in species composition, and species richness increases towards the south.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Temporary wetlands harbor a high floristic diversity and are similar to each other. Lower latitudes host higher numbers of species.</p>

Bryophyte diversity along an altitudinal gradient in Darién National Park, Panama

1992 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Rob Gradstein ◽  
Noris Salazar Allen
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Rain Forest ◽  
National Park ◽  
Altitudinal Gradient ◽  
Plant Conservation ◽  
Montane Forest ◽  
Species Assemblages ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Seasonal Climate

A bryophyte inventory along an altitudinal gradient on Cerro Pirre (1200 m), Darién National Park, Panama, demonstrates that the different rain forest types along the gradient (inundatedlowland, hillside-lowland, submontane, montane elfin forest) have very different species assemblages. The montane forest has the largest number of exclusive species and the largest bryophyte biomass. Species richness is greatest in the submontane forest. The bryophyte flora of Cerro Pirre is not exceedingly rich in species owing to the rather low elevation of the mountain and the seasonal climate in the adjacent coastal plain. Nevertheless, the distinct altitudinal diversification and the occurrence of a considerable number of rare hepatic taxa, demonstrate the importance of Darién National Park as an area of plant conservation. Forty hepatic species are reported as new to Panama.

scholarly journals Bryophyte community diversity and structure associated with Asplenium auritum fern (Aspleniaceae) in a Brazilian Atlantic forest fragment

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Libia Mayerly Cifuentes-Garcia ◽  
Pedro Manuel Villa ◽  
Denilson Fernandes Peralta ◽  
Pedro Bond Schwartsburd
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Community Diversity ◽  
Brazilian Atlantic Forest ◽  
Species Assemblage ◽  
Forest Fragment ◽  
Environmental Filters ◽  
Remnant Forest

Introduction: Local environmental filters have shown the influence on the bryophyte diversity and structure communities, but there are limited studies that analyze how biotic relationships filters influence these communities. Objective: To evaluate whether the influence of fern Asplenium auritum cover determine changes in species richness and composition of bryophyte communities, in a semideciduous remnant forest, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Methods: We selected one transect of 300 m in each of six areas where Asplenium auritum was present. In all transect we estimated plant cover in 39 10 × 10 cm plots randomly distributed. We compare the estimated species richness and composition of bryophyte between fern coverage levels. Results: We found 60 species in 35 genera and 23 families. Weft and mat were the most represented life-forms. Fern cover had no significant effect on bryophyte species richness and composition. Conclusions: Bryophyte cover appears to improve fern development and promote the coexistence of several bryophyte species. Bryophyte cover probably predicts variations in species richness and drives the species assemblage in this community.

scholarly journals Species richness of pteridophytes in a montane Atlantic rain forest plot of Southern Brazil

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 519-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinícius Antonio de Oliveira Dittrich ◽  
Jorge Luiz Waechter ◽  
Alexandre Salino
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Rain Forest ◽  
Life Form ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Forest Plot ◽  
Atlantic Rain Forest ◽  
Brazilian Atlantic Forest ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Floristic Survey ◽  
Ombrophilous Forest

A floristic survey of pteridophytes (ferns and fern allies) was carried out in a 1ha plot in the Pico do Marumbi State Park, Morretes, State of Paraná, Southern Brazil. The study area is covered with a closed ombrophilous forest (Brazilian Atlantic Forest) and lies approximately 630 m in elevation. All species and life-forms of pteridophytes growing in the plot were registered and most of them were collected for taxonomic identification. A total of 81 species, belonging to 17 families were registered. The richest were Polypodiaceae (12 species), Hymenophyllaceae (11) and Lomariopsidaceae (11). The richest genera were Asplenium (ten species), Elaphoglossum (10) and Trichomanes (six). Life-form composition was: epiphytes (49 species), terrestrials (28), lithophytes (two), epiphytes/terrestrials/lithophytes (one) and epiphytes/lithophytes (one). No hemiepiphytes were found. Terrestrials included herbaceous (22 species), arborescent (four) and climbing (two). Species richness of the plot can be considered as high when compared to other neotropical sites.

scholarly journals Shifts in Riparian Plant Life Forms Following Flow Regulation

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 518 ◽  
Author(s):  
María D. Bejarano ◽  
Judith Sarneel ◽  
Xiaolei Su ◽  
Alvaro Sordo-Ward
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Life Form ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
River Regulation ◽  
Flow Regulation ◽  
Plant Life Forms ◽  
Plant Life ◽  
Riparian Plant

Flow regulation affects bordering riparian plant communities worldwide, but how different plant life forms are affected by river regulation still needs further research. In northern Sweden, we selected 10 rivers ranging from free-flowing to low, moderately, and highly regulated ones. In 94 reaches across those rivers, we evaluated the relative abundance of woody and herbaceous (i.e., graminoids and forbs) life forms, their species richness, and their relative presence. We also explored which, and to what extent, hydrological variables drove species assembly within each life form. The relative abundance and species richness of each life form decreased across river categories with increasing levels of regulation. This was particularly apparent in herbaceous life forms, and the most drastic decreases were observed in all life forms in moderately or highly regulated reaches. Additionally, when river regulation increased, the relative presence of many species from all life forms decreased. Unlike woody species, only a few new herbaceous species appeared in regulated reaches. A canonical correspondence analyses (CCA) revealed that a wide range of hydrological variables explained the occurrence of woody species, while fewer variables explained variation in the graminoid and forb life forms. We conclude that flow regulation and its intensity result into clear shifts in the relative abundance of different life forms, as well as in changes of within-group species richness and composition. Consequently, the modification of certain flow attributes in flow regulation schemes, as well as the intensity of these modifications, may alter the ratio between herbaceous and woody species, ultimately impacting the functions and benefits derived from each life form.

scholarly journals Relationship Between Characteristics of Marine Debris and Impact to Coral Reef

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Muhamad Gilang Arindra Putra ◽  
Neviaty Putri Zamani ◽  
Nyoman Metta Natih ◽  
Syawaludin Alisyahbana Harahap
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Life Form ◽  
Algal Growth ◽  
Impact Category ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Marine Debris ◽  
Tissue Loss ◽  
Belt Transect

HighlightMarine debris can be as a treat for coral reefBranching coral is the most affected by marine debrisPlastic marine debris commonly found in all research location, especially from fisheries and daily activityAbstractA coral reef is one of the important ecosystems, however, the existence of coral reef is threatened. Several factors can be a threat to the coral reef, such as marine debris. Research about marine debris on coral reefs in Indonesia has not much been done. This research aims to identify marine debris that is found and impacted, to identify the impacts caused, and to identify the life forms most susceptible to being affected. This research was conducted in Kelapa Island, Kelapa Dua Island, and Harapan Island by using the Belt Transect method sized 20 x 4 m2 with four repetitions at each station to determine coral reef life form, and type of marine  debris. The data was analyzed by using the Correspondence Analysis (CA) to determine the correlation of marine debris and the affected life forms of coral reefs. The result showed the plastic marine debris was found in all stations. Six life forms were affected by marine debris, and the most susceptible life forms that affected were massive and branching. The most dominant impact category on coral reefs was tissue loss with algal growth (TLAG).

scholarly journals Do carabids (Coleoptera: Carabidae) and chironomids (Diptera: Chironomidae) exhibit similar diversity and distributional patterns along a spatio-temporal gradient on a glacier foreland?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Gobbi ◽  
Valeria Lencioni
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Turnover ◽  
Aquatic Insect ◽  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
Carabid Beetles ◽  
Species Assemblages ◽  
Glacier Foreland ◽  
Distributional Patterns ◽  
Glacier Front ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Carabid beetles and chironomid midges are two dominant cold-adapted taxa, respectively on glacier forefiel terrains and in glacial-stream rivers. Although their sensitivity to high altitude climate warming is well known, no studies compare the species assemblages exhibited in glacial systems. Our study compares diversity and distributional patterns of carabids and chironomids in the foreland of the receding Amola glacier in central-eastern Italian Alps. Carabids were sampled by pitfall traps; chironomids by kick sampling in sites located at the same distance from the glacier as the terrestrial ones. The distance from the glacier front was considered as a proxy for time since deglaciation since these variables are positively correlated. We tested if the distance from the glacier front affects: i) the species richness; ii) taxonomic diversity; and iii) species turnover. Carabid species richness and taxonomic diversity increased positively from recently deglaciated sites (those c. 160 m from the glacier front) to sites deglaciated more than 160yrs ago (those located >1300 m from glacier front). Species distributions along the glacier foreland were characterized by mutually exclusive species. Conversely, no pattern in chironomid species richness and turnover was observed. Interestingly, taxonomic diversity increased significantly: closely related species were found near the glacier front, while the most taxonomically diverse species assemblages were found distant from the glacier front. Increasing glacial retreat differently affect epigeic and aquatic insect taxa: carabids respond faster to glacier retreat than do chironomids, at least in species richness and species turnover patterns.

Seasonality in a taxocoenosis of molluscs from soft bottoms in the Bay of Cádiz (southern Spain)

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (6) ◽  
pp. 903-912 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose L. Rueda ◽  
Manuel Fernández-Casado ◽  
Carmen Salas ◽  
Serge Gofas
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Southern Spain ◽  
Soft Bottom ◽  
Soft Bottoms ◽  
High Species Richness ◽  
Bay Of Cadiz ◽  
Bay Of Cádiz ◽  
Autumn And Winter

The macrofauna of molluscs associated with soft bottoms in the Bay of Cádiz (southern Spain) was studied monthly from February 1994 to January 1996. The number of species (63) is high for a soft bottom and is related to environmental characteristics (growth of macrophytes) and the biogeographical setting of the studied area. Corbula gibba (∼90%) was the dominant species in this taxocoenosis together with the gastropod Nassarius pygmaeus and the bivalves Pandora inaequivalvis, Parvicardium exiguum and Macoma melo. The most frequent species during the two years was also the bivalve Corbula gibba (100%) followed by the gastropods Nassarius pygmaeus, Tricolia tenuis, Rissoa membranacea and the bivalve Macoma melo. Total abundance of the taxocoenosis in both years reached higher values in spring. The dynamics of the ecological indices such as diversity or evenness, and the species richness showed a similar pattern in both years, with low values of diversity and evenness together with high species richness in spring and summer months and the reverse in autumn and winter. The qualitative correspondence analysis of monthly samples shows an ordination related to seasonality in both studied years, however the values of Jaccard's coefficient do not indicate significant boundaries among the monthly samples. The quantitative correspondence analysis shows an ordination and grouping of samples related to the biology of species, particularly with the recruitment of C. gibba, the dominant species. The existence of similar trends in the structure of the taxocoenoses over both years, and the seasonality highlighted by the qualitative correspondence analysis, seems to indicate a certain stability of the ecosystem.

Habitat use by stream-breeding frogs in south-east Sulawesi, with some preliminary observations on community organization

2004 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 439-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graeme R. Gillespie ◽  
David Lockie ◽  
Michael P. Scroggie ◽  
Djoko T. Iskandar
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Habitat Use ◽  
Community Organization ◽  
Habitat Associations ◽  
Habitat Partitioning ◽  
Tropical Stream ◽  
Frog Species ◽  
Oviposition Sites ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Spatial Habitat

The habitat associations of stream-breeding frogs were examined along a series of stream transects on Buton Island in south-east Sulawesi, Indonesia. Of the eight frog species located along streams, four were observed breeding in stream habitats. We examined spatial habitat partitioning among these species. Three of the four species were found to be associated with a non-random selection of the available perch sites. Strong partitioning between species in habitat associations was found; partitioning of the available habitat space was primarily associated with differences in proximity to stream features, and in the height of perch sites. General observations indicated that oviposition sites of most species were associated with the microhabitats in which the adult frogs were found. All four stream-breeding species appear to have synchronous breeding phenologies and the spatial relationships of these species within the habitat space appear to reflect partitioning of calling sites and oviposition sites. The stream-breeding frog community in this region of Sulawesi has much lower species richness and less specialized habitat use compared with other tropical stream-breeding frog communities in the region.

Variation in longevity and traits of leaves among co-occurring understorey plants in a tropical montane forest

2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satomi Shiodera ◽  
Joeni S. Rahajoe ◽  
Takashi Kohyama
Keyword(s):  
Life Form ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Condensed Tannin ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Montane Forest ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Leaf Longevity ◽  
Tropical Montane Forest ◽  
Leaf Mass Per Area

Abstract:The relationship between leaf longevity and other leaf traits was compared among different life-form categories (trees, herbs, climbers and epiphytes) of 101 plant species in a tropical montane forest on Mt. Halimun, West Java, Indonesia. We applied the Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate the leaf longevity of each species from 30 mo of census data. We examined whether estimated longevity was explained by either species life-form categories, taxonomic groupings (eudicots, monocots, magnoliids and chloranthales, and ferns) or such leaf traits as leaf area, leaf mass per area (LMA), mass-based leaf nitrogen, penetrometer reading, condensed-tannin-free total phenolics and condensed tannin. There was a wide-ranged interspecific variation in leaf longevity, mostly 10–50 mo, similarly across life-form categories. LMA showed a strong positive influence on leaf longevity. We found that relationships between leaf longevity and some leaf traits were different among various life forms. Trees tended to have high LMA, while climbers tended to have low LMA at the same leaf longevity. We hypothesize that such difference among life forms reflects shoot architecture characteristics. Multi-shoot trees with branching architecture need to have self-supporting leaves, whereas semi-epiphytic climbers can maintain relatively low biomass investment to leaves hanging or relying upon the mechanical support from host plants.

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