Case 156A - Canada - Export Credits and Loan Guarantees for Regional Aircraft - Recourse to Arbitration by Canada Under Article 22.6 of the DSU and Article 4.11 of the SCM Agreement

2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Keyword(s):  
Loan Guarantees ◽  
Export Credits

9 Official Funding Sources: Export Credit Agencies and Multilateral Development Banks

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Borisoff Alexander ◽  
Compton Andrew
Keyword(s):  
Project Finance ◽  
Export Credit ◽  
Working Capital ◽  
Multilateral Development Banks ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Loan Guarantees ◽  
Development Banks ◽  
Export Credits ◽  
Risk Insurance ◽  
Export Credit Agencies

This chapter provides an overview of official funding sources available in the project finance arena, including from export credit agencies, multilateral development banks, and governmental and quasi-governmental entities. The forepart of the chapter describes export credit agencies and multilateral development banks generally, as well as hybrid-type official funding sources. The second part of the chapter explores the types of funding these entities provide, including loans, loan guarantees, political risk insurance, working capital facilities, equity investments, and bond guarantees. The chapter concludes by assessing regulatory regimes applicable to export credit agencies, including the voluntary OECD Consensus or Arrangement on Export Credits that seeks to promote transparency among export credit agencies, and other common issues and considerations to explore when seeking funding by way of such an official funding source.

scholarly journals Canada – Export Credits and Loan Guarantees for Regional Aircraft (WT/DS222/R) A Comment

2005 ◽  
Vol 4 (S1) ◽  
pp. 88-98
Author(s):  
Robert Howse ◽  
Damien J. Neven
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Policy ◽  
Atlantic Coast ◽  
Canadian Province ◽  
Panel Report ◽  
Private Investor ◽  
Export Subsidies ◽  
Development Corporation ◽  
Loan Guarantees ◽  
Export Credits

This panel report represents another installment in the long-standing litigation between Canada and Brazil over subsidization of sales of commuter jets by both countries. The report addresses a set of claims by Brazil closely related to prior claims concerning the practices of the Export Development Corporation as well as industrial policy entities in the Canadian province of Quebec. Brazil specifically challenged certain recent transactions where these federal and provincial entities provided certain kinds of financing assistance in connection with the sale of Bombardier aircraft (namely to Air Wisconsin, Atlantic Coast Airlines, Comair, Kendell, and Air Nostrum). For the most part the panel applied existing jurisprudence on export subsidies to the factual record. In particular, the panel applied a “private investor principle”, verifying in all instances whether the conditions that were granted by the export development and industrial policy agencies were more favorable than the conditions that were available from alternative private sources.

Loan Guarantees and Credit Supply

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie Bachas ◽  
Olivia Kim ◽  
Constantine Yannelis
Keyword(s):  
Credit Supply ◽  
Loan Guarantees
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