scholarly journals PSYCHOLOGY OF DIFFICULT CHILDHOOD TO THE 150TH ANNIVERSARY OF V.P. KASHCHENKO (1870–1943)

2020 ◽  
pp. 239-261
Author(s):  
Marina A. Stepanova
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Disorders ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Character Traits ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Scientific Biography ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Scientific Heritage ◽  
150Th Anniversary ◽  
Psychological Analysis ◽  
Education And Development

The subject of this publication is the psychological analysis of the system of pedagogical correction (therapeutic pedagogy) developed by the famous Russian educator Vsevolod Petrovich Kashchenko, specialist in the field of education of difficult children. The author concentrates on some data of V.P. Kashchenko’s scientific biography that are directly related to the opening of a unique medical and pedagogical institution in 1908 — a sanatorium-school for disabled children. It led to the emergence of a network of special institutions for children with developmental disabilities in the years to follow, especially in the Soviet period. Methods. The article analyzes the terms used by V.P. Kashchenko: “defective child”, “difficult child”, “special childhood”. The concept of “difficult child” was introduced by V.P. Kashchenko to denote a group of children with marked behavioral disorders and character traits that disrupt their successful socialization, and in particular cause problems in learning the curriculum, and often lead to asocial behavior in school years. Subsequently, the meaning of this term changed, but now it is used in a sense close to how it was regarded by V.P. Kashchenko. Results. General characteristics of V.P. Kashchenko’s effective and practically proven system of education for children with behavioral disorders are given. An attempt is made to identify the psychological foundations of V.P. Kashchenko’s pedagogical correction. The main principle is social conditioning of children’s exclusivity, in particular difficult character traits, that are corrected by the complex system of methods developed by V.P. Kashchenko. The psychological analysis of V.P. Kashchenko’s pedagogical system is based on the ideas of Russian scientists on the unity of education and development, the commonality of the laws of mental development of normal children and those with developmental disorders. It is concluded that it is reasonable to refer to V.P. Kashchenko’s scientific heritage as a source of psychological and pedagogical information in the field of raising children with developmental disorders. The article is dedicated to V.P. Kashchenko 150th anniversary celebrated this year

scholarly journals Augusta Viktorovna Yarmolenko: Selected Pages of a Scientific Biography ((to the Anniversary of 120th birthday))

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 201-210
Author(s):  
E.E. Kats ◽  
T.A. Kolosova ◽  
V.M. Sorokin
Keyword(s):  
Ankylosing Spondylitis ◽  
Hearing Impairment ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Mental Development ◽  
Scientific Biography ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Scientific Heritage ◽  
Psychological Study ◽  
Life Path

The article is devoted to the scientific heritage and life path of the professor of the faculty of psychology A.V. Yarmolenko. The scientific research of A.V. Yarmolenko was largely determined by the ideas of her teacher V.M. Ankylosing spondylitis - the founder of the St. Petersburg psychological school. First of all, these are the ideas of an integrated approach, as well as the study of pathological phenomena as a method of understanding normal psychology. The position that the mental development of abnormal and normal children proceeds according to the same laws is also important. A.V. Yarmolenko carried out the first multilateral clinical and psychological study of the ontogenetic characteristics of children with simultaneous visual and hearing impairment.

I. A. Ilyin аbout Faith Phenomenon

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-122
Author(s):  
Konstantin M. Romanov
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Difficult Situation ◽  
Scientific Heritage ◽  
Psychological Analysis ◽  
Positive Elements ◽  
Constructive Work ◽  
Life Context ◽  
Responsible Attitude ◽  
Important Direction

Introduction. In the context of the psychological analysis of the scientific heritage of the famous Russian philosopher I. A. Ilyin, the problem of experiencing difficult and critical life situations is considered. He believed that such situations are integral companions in human life. Therefore, a person must be ready to meet them. Fostering an active and responsible attitude towards difficult situations is a very important direction in preparing young people for life. Results. The author’s key concepts are the categories „suffering„ and „patience„. He viewed patience as a mental property of a person and as a process or a special activity of the subject, aimed at experiencing a difficult life situation. Methods of strengthening patience and effective ways of experiencing life difficulties are analyzed in detail: inclusion of a difficult situation in a broader life context, communication with loved ones, prayer appeal to God, distracting attention from experience, strengthening faith in yourself, constructive work with your imagination, etc. Discussion and Conclusion. The problem of understanding the meaning of suffering is considered. Not only negative, but also positive elements of suffering are highlighted. The approach proposed by I. A. Ilyin to the phenomenon of suffering and patience is of great practical importance.

scholarly journals PSIKOEDUKASI SMART PARENTING TENTANG KARAKTERISTIK ANAK BERKEBUTUHAN KHUSUS (ABK

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela Hendra Heng
Keyword(s):  
Special Needs ◽  
Learning Style ◽  
Education Program ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Multiple Intelligence ◽  
Special Treatment ◽  
Children With Special Needs ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Education Services ◽  
Inclusive Schools

Children with special needs (ABK) are very different from normal children in terms of needs, health, education, teaching, how to give advice and attention. Children with special needs require special treatment because they have developmental disorders and others disorders from children in general (Desiningrum, 2016). In 2015, Indonesia had approximately 4.2 million ABK. Baska and Stambaugh (in Juwono and Kumara, 2011) state that education services in Indonesia are still experiencing difficulties due to the lack of knowledge of teachers about ABK. Sunardi, Yusuf, Gunarhadi, Priyono, and Yeager (2011) state that in Indonesia, almost no changes have been made to accommodate the education program for children with special needs in inclusive schools; there is no difference in teaching strategies for children with special needs (Kurniawati, De Boer, Minnaert, and Mangunsong, 2017; Mangungsong 2014). The Holland Interests Test, the written Learning Style test and the Multiple Intelligence seminar were attended by 42 adolescents, analyzed by psychologists to determine their interests and talents. A psychoeducation approach through the smart parenting seminar "Mengasuh kidz jaman now" attended by 101 parents, teachers and church practitioners, aimed to give an understanding of the characteristics of children with special needs at church X in East Java.

CSF Monoamines in Autistic Syndromes and Other Pervasive Developmental Disorders of Early Childhood

1987 ◽  
Vol 151 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Gillberg ◽  
L Svennerholm
Keyword(s):  
Neurodevelopmental Disorders ◽  
Pervasive Developmental Disorders ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Homovanillic Acid ◽  
Monoamine Metabolites ◽  
Autistic Children ◽  
Nerve Fibres ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Childhood Psychoses

Spinal fluid concentrations of the three major monoamine metabolites were examined in 25 infantile autistic children and 12 children with other childhood psychoses, and were contrasted with results obtained in normal children and in groups of children with neurological and neurodevelopmental disorders. Autistic children showed absolute and relative increases of the dopamine metabolite homovanillic acid. The group with other childhood psychoses also showed an increase in HVA level; in this group there were also indications of high levels of serotonin and norepinephrine metabolites. The results are discussed in the context of a pathogenetic model for autism involving hyperfunction of dopaminergic nerve fibres in the brain stem-mesolimbic system.

scholarly journals Neurocranium thickness mapping in early childhood

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Niharika Gajawelli ◽  
Sean Deoni ◽  
Jie Shi ◽  
Marius George Linguraru ◽  
Antonio R. Porras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Conformal Geometry ◽  
Bone Development ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Cranial Bone ◽  
Analysis Pipeline ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Age Range ◽  
The Brain

Abstract The neurocranium changes rapidly in early childhood to accommodate the growing brain. Developmental disorders and environmental factors such as sleep position may lead to abnormal neurocranial maturation. Therefore, it is important to understand how this structure develops, in order to provide a baseline for early detection of anomalies. However, its anatomy has not yet been well studied in early childhood due to the lack of available imaging databases. In hospitals, CT is typically used to image the neurocranium when a pathology is suspected, but the presence of ionizing radiation makes it harder to construct databases of healthy subjects. In this study, instead, we use a dataset of MRI data from healthy normal children in the age range of 6 months to 36 months to study the development of the neurocranium. After extracting its outline from the MRI data, we used a conformal geometry-based analysis pipeline to detect local thickness growth throughout this age span. These changes will help us understand cranial bone development with respect to the brain, as well as detect abnormal variations, which will in turn inform better treatment strategies for implicated disorders.

scholarly journals Detection of childhood developmental disorders, behavioral disorders, and depression in a post-earthquake setting

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
Yogi Prawira ◽  
Intan Tumbelaka ◽  
Ali Alhadar ◽  
Erwin Hendrata ◽  
Renno Hidayat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Disorders ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Developmental Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Externalizing Disorders ◽  
Emotional And Behavioral Problems ◽  
Behavioral Disorder ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Internalizing Disorder

Background Disasters, including earthquakes, may strike abruptly without warning. Children may develop psychological damage resulting from experiencing an overwhelmingly traumatic event. They may feel very frightened during a disaster and demonstrate emotional and behavioral problems afterwards.Objective To evaluate the presence of developmental disorders, behavioral disorders, and depression in children after the earthquake at Padang and Pariaman on September 30th, 2009.Methods This was a cross􀁘sectional study using the developmental pre screening questionnaire (KPSP), Pediatric Symptoms Checklist-17 (PSC-17), and Child Depression Inventory (CDI) in children after the Padang and Pariaman earthquake (September 30th, 2009), in Sungai Limau and Sungai Geringging District, Pariaman Region, West Sumatera. Our study was conducted October 15th to November 28th, 2009.Results There were 172 children screened using the KPSP. Forty-two (25%) children scored 7􀁘8 (reason for concern), 18 (10%) children scored <7 (suspected to have a developmental disorder), and the remainder scored as developmentally appropriate. Behavioral disorder screening was perfonned in 339 children using the PSC􀁘 17. Internalizing disorder alone was suspected in 58 (17%) children, externalizing disorder alone in 26 (7.7%), and attention􀁘defidt disorder alone in 5 (1.5%). Eight (2.4%) children were suspected to have both internalizing and attention􀁘defidt disorders, 4 (1.2%) children externalizing and attention􀁘defidt disorders, 22 (6.5%) children internalizing and externalizing disorders, and 15 (4.4%) children all three disorders. From 4 9 children who underwent depression screening using CDI, 15(30.6%) children were suspected to have depression. Conclusion After the Padang and Pariaman earthquake, we found 10% of subjects screened were suspected of having a developmental disorder. The most connnonbehavioral disorder found was internalizing disorder. Possible depression was found in 30.6% of children surveyed. Traumatized children are at risk for developing post traumatic stress disorder. 2011;5' :133-7]. 

scholarly journals The biography and scientific work of the Soviet microbiologist Z.V. Yermolyeva: historiographic characteristics of post-Soviet publications

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 268-271
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Vladimirovich Gorshenin
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Work ◽  
Research Direction ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Woman Scientist ◽  
Scientific Biography ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Active Substances

This paper provides a brief analysis of works that consider the main stages of the scientific biography of the famous Soviet scientist-microbiologist, academician of medicine Zinaida Vissarionovna Yermolyeva (18981974). Among the most famous achievements of the scientist are the receipt of the first Soviet penicillin and the prevention of the cholera epidemic in Stalingrad during the Great Patriotic War. Her scientific interests had a fairly wide range: from cholera and antibiotics to lysozyme, interferon and other biologically active substances. Speaking about Z.V. Yermolyeva, the famous Soviet microbiologist and epidemiologist, academician N.F. Gamaleya noted that she as a researcher is characterized by a desire to work in the area that is currently the most urgent for socialist health care. Indeed, getting acquainted with the biography of this amazing woman scientist, it becomes clear why she switched from one research direction into another this was her ability to quickly respond to the needs of the country and the challenges of the time. Given a great importance to the figure of Z.V. Yermolyeva in the history of Russian science, it seems relevant to establish a degree of study of this problem. The author of this paper has already carried out a brief analysis of the historiography of the works in the Soviet period on the history of Zinaida Yermolyevas scientific activities; therefore this paper is its logical continuation.

scholarly journals MENGENALI GIFTED PADA ANAK MELALUI PERKEMBANGAN BAHASA

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
David Syasli
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Language Development ◽  
Behavioral Disorders ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Gifted Children ◽  
The Will ◽  
Gifted Characteristics ◽  
Very High ◽  
Development Of Students

One language development of children who appear to be less than perfect is gifted or giftedness. This imperfect development received the attention of experts in the fields of language, health, and education, as well as other experts. At present the problem of gifted children is diagnosed with various behavioral disorders, mental disorders, and developmental disorders, so that for the needs of care, guidance, and education for him gifted children should be detected early so that guidance can be given according to their needs. Khalid, a 6-year-old child has gifted characteristics. Khalid's curiosity was so high that he did not take into account the risks of getting answers from his curiosity. When you want something Khalid wants to impose the will, so that the goal is achieved. Khalid is indicated to experience behavioral disorders, mental disorders and is very fond of toy collections. Khalid's parents must be observant and understand the development of their children, because despite having behavioral, mental disorders and fans of toy collections, Khalid actually has an advantage that is very beneficial for his future such as a very strong desire to do and realize things and have curiosity very high against any phenomenon that interests him. Report on the Development of Students from the school where Khalid learned to show information that Khalid stood out one of them in an attitude of curiosity.Keywords: gifted, development, behavior, mental.

scholarly journals Supporting Children with Developmental Disorders: Difficulties and Future Strategies as Perceived by Japanese Public Health Nurses

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiyori Haga
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Developmental Disabilities ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Public Health Nurses ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Specialized Institutions

In Japan, according to the “Law to Support Persons with Developmental Disabilities” and the project “Healthy Parents and Children 21 (Second Phase),” every prefecture, city, and town needs to identify children affected by developmental disorders and provide support to these children and their parents as early as possible. Public health nurses (PHNs) are responsible for the early detection of cases and complete a diverse range of tasks relating to screening and supporting procedures. The number of children who are waiting to receive specialized medical care in institutions is increasing. Furthermore, the demands for expert personnel such as child psychiatrists, child psychologists, occupational therapists, as well as the establishment of more specialized institutions, are escalating. Various professionals encounter many challenges in identifying children affected by developmental disabilities and in providing effective treatments. Rehabilitative care for children with developmental disorders may be applied to developmental support as for other normal children. It is necessary to promote the skills of professionals relating to maternal and child care. Hence, this study aimed to identify the difficulties experienced by PHNs in providing early care to children with developmental disorders, and to examine ways to improve their performance in the future

scholarly journals Bakhtin, Russia and World: Reception of Scientist’s Ideas and Works in 1996—2020 Research

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. 227-265
Author(s):  
O. E. Osovsky ◽  
S. A. Dubrovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Interdisciplinary Research ◽  
Scientific Theory ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Scientific Biography ◽  
Scientific Heritage ◽  
The Past ◽  
Systematic Description ◽  
Independent Branch

The process of reception of M. M. Bakhtin’s scientific heritage over the past 25 years is analyzed in the review article. The focus of the authors is on identifying the stages and main directions, trends and achievements of modern Russian Bakhtin studies, determining the prospects for further research. The relevance of the review lies in the need for an objective reconstruction of the process of studying the ideas and heritage of M. M. Bakhtin in Russia and abroad, primarily over the past 25 years. It is noted that the works of M. M. Bakhtin are the most cited in scientific literary criticism and Bakhtin studies have become an independent branch of interdisciplinary research. The analysis revealed the role in the development of Russian Bakhtin studies of such a phenomenon as a collection of works by a scientist, Bakhtin studies journals and publications, publications of leading researchers. Conclusions are made that in 1996—2020 Russian Bakhtin studies have reached a fundamentally new level in the development of the scientist’s heritage, made a significant contribution to the study of his key ideas and concepts, completed a preliminary reconstruction of his scientific biography, carried out a systematic description of his terminological language and scientific theory as a whole, indicated the points of the necessary dialogue between Russian scientists and foreign colleagues.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document