scholarly journals A Study of Oddity in a Russian Clinical Sample

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-27
Author(s):  
Julia A. Atadzhykova ◽  
Sergey S. Enikolopov
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Clinical Assessment ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Concept Design ◽  
Schizotypal Personality ◽  
Adult Personality ◽  
Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire ◽  
Individual Giving

Background. At the beginning of 20th century, the phenomenon of oddity began to be studied. It was de!ned as a set of characteristics responsible for an individual giving the impression of being unusual, odd, and peculiar. Later, psychiatrists integrated oddity into the concept of schizotypy. Yet, while considered a part of the schizotypy construct, oddity has remained singular and maintained its status as an independent dimension. Objective. "e present article discusses oddity as a set of particular clinical traits that can be evaluated both by self-report measures and clinical assessment. We set out to investigate the oddity phenomena as manifested in a clinical sample, in order to delineate key features that constitute this concept. Design. Seventy-one patients were selected according to a speci!c set of criteria and subjected to a set of self-report measures (the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire and the Adult Personality Traits Questionnaire), a clinical interview, and a pathopsychological experiment. A number of cognitive, behavioral, and emotional characteristics were analyzed. An intra-group comparison was carried out in order to clarify the potential di#erences between the self-reported and clinically assessed phenomenon of oddity. Results. "e study’s !rst !nding was that the SPQ-74 does not identify odd personalities in the general population, as re$ected in the fact that the sample’s average scores proved to be low. Secondly, restricted emotionality and a de!cit in social interactions proved to be the prevalent characteristics of the sample of “odd” individuals. Furthermore, a set of certain speech peculiarities (word coinage, bizarrerie, etc.) and thinking impairments of various types (distortion of abstraction level and motivational de!cit) emerged as prominent characteristics in the majority of subjects. Finally, it was determined that clinical assessment allows for a more comprehensive evaluation of the psychology of odd personalities than self-report measures, due to a number of the personality, temperamental, and cognitive characteristics that the latter tend to exhibit. Conclusion. “Odd” individuals can be characterized by a number of cognitive, emotional, and behavioral features independent of social perception and relevant to clinical practice; they can be captured more successfully by the application of qualitative methods. Further research is needed to elaborate this set of traits and test this hypothesis on new samples.

Validation of Turkish and English Versions of the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire-B

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayse Aycicegi ◽  
Wayne M. Dinn ◽  
Catherine L. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Normative Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Personality Questionnaire ◽  
Schizotypal Personality ◽  
Valid Instrument ◽  
Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Personality Features

Abstract. We present normative data for a Turkish translation of the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire-B (SPQ-B). The SPQ-B is a brief, self-report screening instrument developed by Raine and Benishay (1995) and is used to evaluate respondents for the presence of schizotypal personality features. We describe the internal consistency and test-retest reliability of the Turkish instrument and report intercorrelations among subfactors and total SPQ-B score. For comparison purposes, we present normative data for the SPQ-B (English version) from two studies examining schizotypy among nonclinical student samples in the United States. We report α coefficients and assess the convergent validity of the SPQ-B by examining the relationship between scores on the SPQ-B and performance on two existing measures of schizotypy and schizophrenic-spectrum personality disorders. Central tendency, distribution of scores, factor structure, and intercorrelations in both Turkish and US samples were similar, suggesting that our Turkish translation of the SPQ-B is a culturally valid instrument.

scholarly journals Beyond the interpersonal core of Schizotypal Personality and Autism: Associations between autism and schizotypal traits are not merely due to Social Anxiety.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laiose Barry ◽  
Lily Clint ◽  
Maisey Haigh ◽  
Emma Milton ◽  
Annie Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Anxiety Scale ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Clinical Population ◽  
Personality Questionnaire ◽  
Schizotypal Personality ◽  
Autism Quotient ◽  
Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale ◽  
Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire ◽  
Positive Correlations

Several lines of research have established overlap between autistic and schizotypal traits but there have been limited attempts to identify variables that might explain this overlap. As both sets of traits are individually associated with social anxiety, we investigated whether social anxiety traits could explain the overlap between them. To this end, the Autism Quotient (AQ), Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire Brief-Revised (SPQ-BR) and Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale-Self Report (LSAS-SR) were administered to a non-clinical population of 345 adults. Correlational analyses revealed strong, positive correlations between autistic, schizotypal, and social anxiety traits. After controlling for social anxiety, the association between total AQ and SPQ-BR scores remained modest and significant, suggesting that their association is not simply due to a shared association with social anxiety.

scholarly journals Bifactor Structure of the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire Across the Schizotypy Spectrum

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Alexandra B. Moussa-Tooks ◽  
Allen J. Bailey ◽  
Amanda R. Bolbecker ◽  
Richard J. Viken ◽  
Brian F. O'Donnell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Bifactor Model ◽  
Specific Factor ◽  
General Factor ◽  
Personality Questionnaire ◽  
Symptom Dimensions ◽  
Schizotypal Personality ◽  
Empirically Supported ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire

Despite widespread use in schizophrenia-spectrum research, uncertainty remains around an empirically supported and theoretically meaningful factor structure of the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ). Current identified structures are limited by reliance on exclusively nonclinical samples. The current study compared factor structures of the SPQ in a sample of 335 nonpsychiatric individuals, 292 schizotypy-spectrum individuals (schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, or schizotypal personality disorder), and the combined group (N = 627). Unidimensional, correlated, and hierarchical models were assessed in addition to a bifactor model, wherein subscales load simultaneously onto a general factor and a specific factor. The best-fitting model across samples was a two-specific factor bifactor model, consistent with the nine symptom dimensions of schizotypy as primarily a direct manifestation of a unitary construct. Such findings, for the first time demonstrated in a clinical sample, have broad implications for transdiagnostic approaches, including reifying schizotypy as a construct underlying diverse manifestations of phenomenology across a wide range of severity.

scholarly journals The impact of lifetime interpersonal and intentional trauma on cognition and vulnerability to psychosis in bipolar disorder

BJPsych Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia G. Lebovitz ◽  
Caitlin E. Millett ◽  
Meg Shanahan ◽  
Nomi C. Levy-Carrick ◽  
Katherine E. Burdick
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Social Adjustment ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Personality Questionnaire ◽  
Schizotypal Personality ◽  
Lifetime Trauma ◽  
Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire ◽  
The Impact

Background Studies have shown that over half of individuals with bipolar disorder experience early-life trauma, which may influence clinical outcomes, including suicidality and presence of psychotic features. However, studies report inconsistent findings regarding the effect of trauma on cognitive outcomes in bipolar disorder. Aims Our study explores the effect of lifetime trauma on the level of vulnerability to psychosis and cognitive performance in participants with bipolar disorder. Method We evaluated lifetime trauma history in 236 participants with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder type 1 or 2, using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. We classified trauma types based on the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration's concept of trauma, which characterises the type of experienced trauma (e.g. interpersonal and intentional, accidental or naturally occurring). Our primary outcome measures of interest were vulnerability to psychosis (Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire), cognitive performance (MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery) and social functioning (Social Adjustment Scale Self-Report). Results Multivariate analysis of covariance showed a significant effect of trauma type on the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire cognitive–perceptual domain (F(3) = 6.7, P < 0.001). The no-trauma group had lower cognitive–perceptual schizotypal features compared with the accidental and intentional trauma (P < 0.001) and interpersonal and intentional trauma (P = 0.01) groups. Conclusions Our results highlight the need for careful trauma inquiry in patients with bipolar disorder, and consideration of how trauma-focused or -informed treatments may be an integral part of treatment planning to improve outcomes in bipolar disorder.

Test-Retest Reliability of a Self-Report Questionnaire for DSM-IV and ICD-10 Personality Disorders

2000 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Ottosson ◽  
Martin Grann ◽  
Gunnar Kullgren
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Anxiety State ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Axis I ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Summary: Short-term stability or test-retest reliability of self-reported personality traits is likely to be biased if the respondent is affected by a depressive or anxiety state. However, in some studies, DSM-oriented self-reported instruments have proved to be reasonably stable in the short term, regardless of co-occurring depressive or anxiety disorders. In the present study, we examined the short-term test-retest reliability of a new self-report questionnaire for personality disorder diagnosis (DIP-Q) on a clinical sample of 30 individuals, having either a depressive, an anxiety, or no axis-I disorder. Test-retest scorings from subjects with depressive disorders were mostly unstable, with a significant change in fulfilled criteria between entry and retest for three out of ten personality disorders: borderline, avoidant and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder. Scorings from subjects with anxiety disorders were unstable only for cluster C and dependent personality disorder items. In the absence of co-morbid depressive or anxiety disorders, mean dimensional scores of DIP-Q showed no significant differences between entry and retest. Overall, the effect from state on trait scorings was moderate, and it is concluded that test-retest reliability for DIP-Q is acceptable.

Ethical Issues Relevant to the Assessment of Suicide Risk in Nonclinical Research Settings

Crisis ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn M. Wilson ◽  
Bruce K. Christensen
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Current Paper ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Ethical Guidelines ◽  
Schizotypal Personality ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Genetic Features ◽  
Conducting Research

Background: Our laboratory recently confronted this issue while conducting research with undergraduate students at the University of Waterloo (UW). Although our main objective was to examine cognitive and genetic features of individuals with schizotypal personality disorder (SPD), the study protocol also entailed the completion of various self-report measures to identify participants deemed at increased risk for suicide. Aims and Methods: This paper seeks to review and discuss the relevant ethical guidelines and legislation that bear upon a psychologist’s obligation to further assess and intervene when research participants reveal that they are at increased risk for suicide. Results and Conclusions: In the current paper we argue that psychologists are ethically impelled to assess and appropriately intervene in cases of suicide risk, even when such risk is revealed within a research context. We also discuss how any such obligation may potentially be modulated by the research participant’s expectations of the role of a psychologist, within such a context. Although the focus of the current paper is on the ethical obligations of psychologists, specifically those practicing within Canada, the relevance of this paper extends to all regulated health professionals conducting research in nonclinical settings.

Self-reports of emotional distress in a sample of urban black high school students

1982 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 809-817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen W. Freeman ◽  
Karl Rickels ◽  
Emily B. H. Mudd ◽  
George R. Huggins ◽  
Celso-Ramon Garcia
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Emotional Distress ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
Self Report ◽  
School Students ◽  
Hopkins Symptom Checklist ◽  
Adolescent Groups ◽  
High Distress

SynopsisEmotional distress as assessed by the self-report Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL) was examined in a sample of 607 urban black high school students aged 15–18. These adolescents reported high distress primarily about feelings of disadvantage, volatile anger, interpersonal sensitivity and loneliness. Females were significantly more likely than males to indicate emotional distress, although several of the leading distress items were endorsed equally by both groups. Male and female scores across the HSCL factors differed in degree rather than form. The great majority of these adolescents didnotreport significant emotional distress. These data provide a base from a non-clinical sample for comparison with other adolescent groups where emotional distress may play a role.

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