scholarly journals Can Agricultural Extension and Input Support Be Discontinued? Evidence from a Randomized Phaseout in Uganda

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-45
Author(s):  
Ram Fishman ◽  
Stephen C. Smith ◽  
Vida Bobić ◽  
Munshi Sulaiman
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Extension ◽  
Women Farmers ◽  
Development Programs ◽  
External Funding ◽  
Learning From Experience ◽  
Limited Evidence ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Supply Networks ◽  
Subsidy Program ◽  
Phase Out

Abstract Many development programs that attempt to disseminate improved technologies are limited in duration, either because of external funding constraints or an assumption of impact sustainability, but there is limited evidence on whether and when terminating such programs is efficient. We provide novel experimental evidence on the impacts of a randomized phase-out of an agricultural extension and subsidy program that promotes improved inputs and cultivation practices among smallholder women farmers in Uganda. We find that phaseout does not diminish the use of either practices or inputs, as farmers shift purchases from NGO-sponsored village-based supply networks to market sources. These results indicate short-term interventions can suffice to trigger persistent effects, consistent with models of technology adoption that emphasize learning from experience.

scholarly journals Personality dynamics at work: The effects of form, time, and context of variability

2021 ◽  
pp. 089020702110173
Author(s):  
Nadin Beckmann ◽  
Damian P Birney ◽  
Amirali Minbashian ◽  
Jens F Beckmann
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Temporal Stability ◽  
Limited Evidence ◽  
Short Term ◽  
State Data ◽  
The Status ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Trait Variability

The study aimed to investigate the status of within-person state variability in neuroticism and conscientiousness as individual differences constructs by exploring their (a) temporal stability, (b) cross-context consistency, (c) empirical links to selected antecedents, and (d) empirical links to longer term trait variability. Employing a sample of professionals ( N = 346) from Australian organisations, personality state data together with situation appraisals were collected using experience sampling methodology in field and repeatedly in lab-like settings. Data on personality traits, cognitive ability, and motivational mindsets were collected at baseline and after two years. Contingent (situation contingencies) and non-contingent (relative SD) state variability indices were relatively stable over time and across contexts. Only a small number of predictive effects of state variability were observed, and these differed across contexts. Cognitive ability appeared to be associated with state variability under lab-like conditions. There was limited evidence of links between short-term state and long-term trait variability, except for a small effect for neuroticism. Some evidence of positive manifold was found for non-contingent variability. Systematic efforts are required to further elucidate the complex pattern of results regarding the antecedents, correlates and outcomes of individual differences in state variability.

Bridging Gender Gaps in Provision of Agricultural Extension Service Using ICT

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Sanga ◽  
V. J. Kalungwizi ◽  
C. P. Msuya
Keyword(s):  
Group Discussion ◽  
Agricultural Extension ◽  
Women Farmers ◽  
Extension Service ◽  
Advisory Panel ◽  
Extension Services ◽  
Agricultural Extension Service ◽  
Ict Tools ◽  
Radio Programs ◽  
Important Evidence

This article was designed to present the assessment of the effectiveness of radio - based, impact driven smallholder farmer extension service system provided by FVR to enhance accessibility of extension services to women and men in the project areas of Tanzania. Specifically, this paper assessed women and men farmers' access to ICT and factors influencing the utilization of ICT to deliver agricultural information and knowledge. The paper used data from impact assessment survey of the project conducted between April 2012 and June 2012. These data were complemented by focus group discussion involving members of gender advisory panel that had been established in the selected project sites. Quantitative data were analyzed to yield frequencies and percentages. Qualitative data were analyzed by content analysis. Even though ownership of mobile phones and radio was higher among women in all study areas both men and women farmers' had almost the same percentage in accessibility to agricultural extension information. The factors that affected women and men farmers to get quality agricultural information via these ICT tools were namely: poor radio signal reception, power outrage and poor timing of radio programs among others. This is important evidence that careful use of ICT can reduce gender imbalance in agricultural extension services and information delivery.

scholarly journals Increased resilience for manufacturing systems in supply networks through data-based turbulence mitigation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis Bauer ◽  
Markus Böhm ◽  
Thomas Bauernhansl ◽  
Alexander Sauer
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Systems ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Learning System ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Data Format ◽  
Supply Networks ◽  
Manufacturing Control

AbstractIn manufacturing systems, a state of high resilience is always desirable. However, internal and external complexity has great influence on these systems. An approach is to increase manufacturing robustness and responsiveness—and thus resilience—by manufacturing control. In order to execute an effective control method, it is necessary to provide sufficient information of high value in terms of data format, quality and time of availability. Nowadays, raw data is available in large quantities. An obstacle to manufacturing control is the short-term handling of events induced by customers and suppliers. These events cause different kinds of turbulence in manufacturing systems. If such turbulences could be evaluated in advance, based on data processing, they could serve as aggregated input data for a control system. This paper presents an approach how to combine turbulence evaluation and the derivation of measures into a learning system for turbulence mitigation. Integrated in manufacturing control, turbulence mitigation increases manufacturing resilience and strengthens the supply network’s resilience.

scholarly journals PEMBERDAYAAN KELOMPOK WANITA TANI MELALUI PEMANFAATAN LAHAN PEKARANGAN UNTUK BUDIDAYA SAYURAN SEHAT DI KECAMATAN BOJONGGAMBIR KABUPATEN TASIKMALAYA

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
M. Sholehuddin Al Ayyubi ◽  
Yul Harry Bahar ◽  
Achmad Musyadar
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Method ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Agricultural Extension ◽  
Women Farmers ◽  
Spearman Rank Correlation ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Vegetable Cultivation

Empowerment of Women Farmers Groups (KWT) through the utilization of yardland is one way to improve the quality of life and women's independence. The purpose of the study is to describe, analyze, and formulate a strategy for empowering KWT through the use of yard land for healthy vegetable cultivation in Bojonggambir District, Tasikmalaya Regency. The number of samples was determined by the total sampling method. The results of descriptive analysis describe the characteristics of KWT on age (productive), education (low), length of farming (high), yard area (narrow), and all external factors (medium). The related factors are the area of the yard, the role of agricultural extension workers, and the availability of facilities and infrastructure. The strategy is in the form of extension activities with descriptive analysis to determine the material and Spearman Rank correlation to optimize factors related to empowerment, namely the area of yards (sig .044), availability of facilities and infrastructure (sig .037), and the role of extension workers (sig .000).

What love has to do with it: An attachment perspective on pair bonding and sexual behavior

2009 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivian Zayas ◽  
Daphna Ram
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Mating Strategies ◽  
Pair Bonding ◽  
Limited Evidence ◽  
Short Term

AbstractDel Giudice proposes that short-term mating strategies are adaptive for attachment-avoidant men. We argue that this model (1) does not apply to the majority of avoidant men (fearful-avoidants); (2) is based on limited evidence that the remaining subset of avoidant men (dismissing-avoidants) engage in short-term mating strategies; and (3) disregards the importance of pair bonding even for dismissing-avoidants.

Ear protection as a treatment for disruptive snoring: do ear plugs really work?

2006 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. 381-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Robertson ◽  
S Loughran ◽  
K MacKenzie
Keyword(s):  
Nottingham Health Profile ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Social Effects ◽  
Limited Evidence ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Treatment ◽  
The Social ◽  
Surgical Treatments

Background: In the absence of surgical treatments with demonstrable long-term efficacy, conservative treatments for snoring remain appropriate. Only limited evidence evaluating the use of ear protection by partners has been published.Methods: Eligible couples were invited to participate in a two-month trial, with each partner using custom-moulded ear plugs. Five questionnaires were completed by patients and their partners, at baseline and after two months: the snoring outcomes survey (SOS) or the spouse/bed partners survey (SBPS), the Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS), the general health questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12), the Nottingham health profile (NHP) and the Golombok–Rust inventory of marital status (GRIMS).Results: After two months, there was a significant improvement in the SOS score for patients (p = 0.005), the SBPS score for partners (p = 0.001) and the ESS for partners (p = 0.004).Conclusions: For selected couples, ear plugs represent an effective short-term treatment for some of the social effects of disruptive snoring, as determined by the SOS, SBPS and ESS questionnaires.

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