scholarly journals Delivering Education to the Underserved through a Public-Private Partnership Program in Pakistan

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-47
Author(s):  
Felipe Barrera-Osorio ◽  
David S Blakeslee ◽  
Matthew Hoover ◽  
Leigh Linden ◽  
Dhushyanth Raju ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Test Scores ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Social Planner ◽  
New Schools ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Private Partnership ◽  
Education Benefits ◽  
Free Primary Education ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Partnership Program

We evaluate a program that recruited local entrepreneurs to open and operate new schools in 200 underserved villages in Sindh, Pakistan. School operators received a per-student subsidy to provide tuition-free primary education, and in half the villages received a higher subsidy for females. The program increased enrollment by 32 percentage points, and test scores by 0.63 standard deviations, with no difference across the two subsidy schemes. Estimating a structural model of the demand and supply for school inputs, we find that program schools selected inputs similar to those of a social planner who internalizes all the education benefits to society.

scholarly journals Incentives Work: Getting Teachers to Come to School

2012 ◽  
Vol 102 (4) ◽  
pp. 1241-1278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther Duflo ◽  
Rema Hanna ◽  
Stephen P Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Test Scores ◽  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Nonlinear Function ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Teacher Absenteeism ◽  
Structural Dynamic ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Supply Model ◽  
To Come

We use a randomized experiment and a structural model to test whether monitoring and financial incentives can reduce teacher absence and increase learning in India. In treatment schools, teachers' attendance was monitored daily using cameras, and their salaries were made a nonlinear function of attendance. Teacher absenteeism in the treatment group fell by 21 percentage points relative to the control group, and the children's test scores increased by 0.17 standard deviations. We estimate a structural dynamic labor supply model and find that teachers respond strongly to financial incentives. Our model is used to compute cost-minimizing compensation policies. (JEL I21, J31, J45, O15)

System Dynamics Modeling for a Public–Private Partnership Program to Promote Bicycle–Metro Integration Based on Evolutionary Game

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110124
Author(s):  
Jianming Cai ◽  
Yue Liang
Keyword(s):  
System Dynamics ◽  
Evolutionary Game ◽  
Public Private Partnership ◽  
Dynamics Simulation ◽  
Rail Transit ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Private Partnership ◽  
Bike Sharing ◽  
Integration Mode ◽  
Partnership Program

A marriage between dockless bike-sharing systems and rail transit presents new opportunities for sustainable transportation in Chinese cities. However, how to promote the bicycle–metro integration mode remains largely unstudied. This paper designs a public–private partnership program to promote bicycle–metro integration. We consider the cooperation between bike-sharing companies and rail transit companies to improve both services and attract long-distance travelers to choose the bicycle–metro integration mode, with government subsidies. To analyze the proportion of each population participating in this public–private partnership program, we establish an evolutionary game model considering bike-sharing companies, rail transit companies, and long-distance travelers, and obtain eight scenarios of equilibriums and corresponding stable conditions. To prove the evolutionary game analysis, we construct a system dynamics simulation model and confirm that the public–private partnership project can be achieved in reality. We discuss key parameters that affect the final stable state through sensitivity analysis. The results demonstrate that by reasonably adjusting the values of parameters, each equilibrium can be changed into an optimal evolutionary stable strategy. This study can provide useful policy implications and operational recommendations for government agencies, bike-sharing companies, and transit authorities to promote bicycle–metro integration.

Access, Sorting, and Achievement: The Short-Run Effects of Free Primary Education in Kenya

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 226-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrienne M Lucas ◽  
Isaac M Mbiti
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Primary Education ◽  
Education Program ◽  
Private School ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
School Entry ◽  
Exit Examination ◽  
Free Primary Education ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Impact

We examine the impact of the Kenyan Free Primary Education program on student participation, sorting, and achievement on the primary school exit examination. Exploiting variation in pre-program dropout rates between districts, we find that the program increased the number of students who completed primary school, spurred private school entry, and increased access for students from disadvantaged backgrounds. We argue that the program was welfare enhancing as it promoted educational access without substantially reducing the test scores of students who would have been in school in the absence of the program. (JEL H52, I21, I28, O15)

Comparative study

2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri Indarti ◽  
Yulia Efni
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Mediation Effect ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Entrepreneurial Attitude ◽  
Partnership Program

Purpose This paper aims to investigate the role of corporate social responsibility (CSR) funding through Partnership and Development Nurturing Program (PDNP) in the development of entrepreneurial attitude and the small and micro entrepreneurs’ (SMEs’) income in Pekanbaru. Design/methodology/approach Primary data were obtained from the SMEs’ response to the development of entrepreneurial attitude, income of sales and expenses before and after getting PDNP fund. Secondary data were obtained from the publication of firms and relevant authorities. The sample used in this study comprised 95 respondents, including the SMEs in Pekanbaru who received PDNP fund in 2013 and who were selected by purposive sampling. Generalized structural component analysis (GSCA) was used to analyze the data for inner model (hypothesis testing for structural model) and outer model (measurement model for unobservable variables). Sobel test (under GSCA model) was used to test whether a variable is a mediating variable that assesses the relationship between endogenous variables and exogenous variables. Findings CSR funding (by PNBP fund) is significantly effective for entrepreneurial attitude. The higher value of CSR funding (by PNBP fund), which is reflected in the high values of turnover (X1), marketing coverage (X2), partnership program (X3) and sales (X4), will lead to a higher value of entrepreneurial attitude, which is reflected in the high value of planning (M1), confidence (M2), orientation to task (M3), risk taking (M4), leadership (M5) and honesty (M6). Entrepreneurial attitude significantly affects the income of SMEs. The higher value of entrepreneurial attitude, which is reflected in the high value of planning (M1), confidence (M2), orientation to task (M3), risk taking (M4), leadership (M5) and honesty (M6), will lead to a higher value of income of SMEs, which is reflected in the high value of effectivity (Y1), efficiency (Y2) and economist (Y3). CSR funding (by PNBP Fund) has a significant effect on the SMEs’ income with a mediation effect of entrepreneurial attitude. A high value of CSR funding (by PNBP Fund), which is reflected in the high values of turnover (X1), marketing coverage (X2), partnership program (X3) and sales (X4), will lead to a higher value of income of SMEs, which is reflected in the high value of effectivity (Y1), efficiency (Y2) and economist (Y3), if the value of entrepreneurial attitude is higher, which is reflected in the high values of planning (M1), confidence (M2), orientation to task (M3), risk taking (M4), leadership (M5) and honesty (M6). Originality/value A gap exists between the expected goals of SMEs, which is to increase people’s income through the development of their entrepreneurship, and the realization of the program. Hence, it is necessary to improve the implementation of the partnership program, which needs improvement in planning, process and the evaluation of the program. This phenomenon motivated the researcher to conduct this study so that the partnership and the community development program, as a form of CSR, benefit SMEs to increase their income.

Bringing Education to Afghan Girls: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Village-Based Schools

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 27-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana Burde ◽  
Leigh L Linden
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Academic Performance ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Randomized Evaluation ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Standard Deviations

We conduct a randomized evaluation of the effect of village-based schools on children's academic performance using a sample of 31 villages and 1,490 children in rural northwestern Afghanistan. The program significantly increases enrollment and test scores among all children, but particularly for girls. Girls' enrollment increases by 52 percentage points and their average test scores increase by 0.65 standard deviations. The effect is large enough that it eliminates the gender gap in enrollment and dramatically reduces differences in test scores. Boys' enrollment increases by 35 percentage points, and average test scores increase by 0.40 standard deviations. (JEL I21, J16, O15, O18)

scholarly journals The Right to Education Act: Trends in Enrollment, Test Scores, and School Quality

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 ◽  
pp. 232-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manisha Shah ◽  
Bryce Steinberg
Keyword(s):  
Educational Outcomes ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
School Quality ◽  
Household Surveys ◽  
Right To Education ◽  
Free Primary Education ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Education Act ◽  
The Right ◽  
National Trends

The Right to Education (RTE) Act passed in 2009 guarantees access to free primary education to all children ages 6-14 in India. This paper investigates whether national trends in educational outcomes change around the time of this law using household surveys and administrative data. We document four trends: (1) school-going increases after the passage of RTE, (2) test scores decline dramatically after 2010, (3) school infrastructure appears to improve both before and after RTE, and (4) the number of students who have to repeat a grade falls precipitously after RTE is enacted, in line with official provisions of the law.

scholarly journals Tracing the Woes: An Empirical Analysis of the Airline Industry

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Berry ◽  
Panle Jia
Keyword(s):  
Airline Industry ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Travel Demand ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Air Travel ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
The Us ◽  
Low Cost Carriers ◽  
Air Travel Demand ◽  
The Impact

The US airline industry went through tremendous turmoil in the early 2000s, with four major bankruptcies, two major mergers, and various changes in network structure. This paper presents a structural model of the industry, and estimates the impact of demand and supply changes on profitability. Compared with 1999, we find that, in 2006, air-travel demand was 8 percent more price sensitive, passengers displayed a stronger preference for nonstop flights, and changes in marginal cost significantly favored nonstop flights. Together with the expansion of low-cost carriers, they explain more than 80 percent of legacy carriers' variable profit reduction. (JEL L13, L25, L93)

scholarly journals The Effects of “Girl-Friendly” Schools: Evidence from the BRIGHT School Construction Program in Burkina Faso

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 41-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harounan Kazianga ◽  
Dan Levy ◽  
Leigh L Linden ◽  
Matt Sloan
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Regression Discontinuity ◽  
School Construction ◽  
Regression Discontinuity Design ◽  
School Program ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Standard Deviations

We evaluate a “girl-friendly” primary school program in Burkina Faso using a regression discontinuity design. After 2.5 years, the program increased enrollment by 19 percentage points and increased test scores by 0.41 standard deviations. For those caused to attend school, scores increased by 2.2 standard deviations. Girls' enrollment increased by 5 percentage points more than boys' enrollment, but they experienced the same increase in test scores as boys. The unique characteristics of the schools are responsible for increasing enrollment by 13 percentage points and test scores by 0.35 standard deviations. They account for the entire difference in the treatment effects by gender. (JEL I21, I28, J16, O15)

A Method for Studying the Homogeneity of Test Items with Respect to Other Relevant Variables

1985 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bengt Muthén
Keyword(s):  
Categorical Data ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Test Items ◽  
Latent Ability ◽  
Relevant Variables ◽  
Related Test

Drawing on recently developed methodology for structural equation modeling with categorical data, this article proposes a new approach for investigating the behavior of a set of dichotomously scored test items in relation to a set of other relevant (observed) variables. This is achieved by considering a linear structural model relating the latent ability variable to a set of observed scores. The approach gives information on hypothesized unidimensionality and homogeneity of items with respect to these other variables. Some examples are given where a set of biology anchor items is related to a set of other related test scores obtained from the examinees.

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