scholarly journals Juvenile Punishment, High School Graduation, and Adult Crime: Evidence from Idiosyncratic Judge Harshness

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Ozkan Eren ◽  
Naci Mocan
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Property Crime ◽  
High School Completion ◽  
Juvenile Incarceration ◽  
School Completion ◽  
Drug Offense ◽  
School Graduation ◽  
The Impact

This paper contributes to the debate on the impact of juvenile crime punishment on high school completion and adult recidivism using administrative data from a southern U.S. state. We exploit random assignment of cases to judges and use idiosyncratic judge stringency in imprisonment to estimate the causal effect of incarceration. We find that juvenile incarceration increases the propensity of being convicted for a drug offense in adulthood while it lowers the propensity to be convicted of a property crime. Juvenile incarceration has also a detrimental effect on high school completion for earlier cohorts, but it has no impact on later cohorts.

Examining the Impact of Changes in Maternal Employment on High School Completion Among Low-Income Youth

2004 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen A. Randolph ◽  
Roderick A. Rose ◽  
Mark W. Fraser ◽  
Dennis K. Orthner
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Maternal Employment ◽  
High School Completion ◽  
School Completion ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Juvenile Incarceration, Human Capital, and Future Crime: Evidence from Randomly Assigned Judges *

2015 ◽  
Vol 130 (2) ◽  
pp. 759-803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Aizer ◽  
Joseph J. Doyle
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
High School ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Juvenile Offenders ◽  
Criminal Behavior ◽  
High School Completion ◽  
The United States ◽  
Behavioral Disorder ◽  
Juvenile Incarceration ◽  
School Completion

Abstract Over 130,000 juveniles are detained in the United States each year with 70,000 in detention on any given day, yet little is known about whether such a penalty deters future crime or interrupts social and human capital formation in a way that increases the likelihood of later criminal behavior. This article uses the incarceration tendency of randomly assigned judges as an instrumental variable to estimate causal effects of juvenile incarceration on high school completion and adult recidivism. Estimates based on over 35,000 juvenile offenders over a 10-year period from a large urban county in the United States suggest that juvenile incarceration results in substantially lower high school completion rates and higher adult incarceration rates, including for violent crimes. In an attempt to understand the large effects, we found that incarceration for this population could be very disruptive, greatly reducing the likelihood of ever returning to school and, for those who do return, significantly increasing the likelihood of being classified as having an emotional or behavioral disorder.

scholarly journals The impact of childhood injury and injury severity on school performance and high school completion in Australia: a matched population-based retrospective cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca J. Mitchell ◽  
Cate M. Cameron ◽  
Anne McMaugh ◽  
Reidar P. Lystad ◽  
Tim Badgery-Parker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Young People ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
High School Completion ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Learning Support ◽  
School Completion ◽  
Scholastic Performance ◽  
Comparison Cohort ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Exploring the impact of injury and injury severity on academic outcomes could assist to identify characteristics of young people likely to require learning support services. This study aims to compare scholastic performance and high school completion of young people hospitalised for an injury compared to young people not hospitalised for an injury by injury severity; and to examine factors influencing scholastic performance and school completion. Method A population-based matched case-comparison cohort study of young people aged ≤18 years hospitalised for an injury during 2005–2018 in New South Wales, Australia using linked birth, health, education and mortality records. The comparison cohort was matched on age, gender and residential postcode. Generalised linear mixed modelling examined risk of performance below the national minimum standard (NMS) on the National Assessment Plan for Literacy and Numeracy (NAPLAN) and generalised linear regression examined risk of not completing high school for injured young people compared to matched peers. Results Injured young people had a higher risk of not achieving the NMS compared to their matched peers for numeracy (ARR: 1.12; 95%CI 1.06–1.17), reading (ARR: 1.09; 95%CI 1.04–1.13), spelling (ARR: 1.13; 95%CI 1.09–1.18), grammar (ARR: 1.11; 95%CI 1.06–1.15), and writing (ARR: 1.07; 95%CI 1.04–1.11). As injury severity increased from minor to serious, the risk of not achieving the NMS generally increased for injured young people compared to matched peers. Injured young people had almost twice the risk of not completing high school at year 10 (ARR: 2.17; 95%CI 1.73–2.72), year 11 (ARR: 1.95; 95%CI 1.78–2.14) or year 12 (ARR: 1.93; 95%CI 1.78–2.08) compared to matched peers. Conclusions The identification of characteristics of young people most likely to encounter problems in the academic environment after sustaining an injury is important to facilitate the potential need for learning support. Assessing learning needs and monitoring return-to-school progress post-injury may aid identification of any ongoing learning support requirements.

Does Online Course-Taking Increase High School Completion and Open Pathways to Postsecondary Education Opportunities?

2021 ◽  
pp. 016237372199348
Author(s):  
Carolyn J. Heinrich ◽  
Jennifer Darling-Aduana
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Postsecondary Education ◽  
High School Graduation ◽  
High School Completion ◽  
Further Education ◽  
Online Course ◽  
High School Graduation Rates ◽  
School Completion ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
School Graduation

Recent increases in high school graduation rates have been linked anecdotally to online course-taking for credit recovery. Online course-taking that supports high school completion could open opportunities for postsecondary education pursuits. Alternatively, poorer quality online instruction could diminish student learning and discourage persistence toward graduation and further education. Using quasi-experimental methods in an 8-year longitudinal study of high school online course-taking, we find positive associations between online course-taking, credits earned and high school graduation, and for those with limited online course-taking, small increases in college enrollment. However, we find significantly lower 4-year college enrollments and lower quality college enrollments for all online course-takers, leaving open the question of whether online course-taking will lead to long-term postsecondary education and labor market success.

The Impact of State Drug Laws on High School Completion and College Enrollment for Latino Young Men

2021 ◽  
pp. 000276422110548
Author(s):  
Tolani A. Britton ◽  
Arlyn Y. Moreno Luna
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
High School ◽  
Drug Abuse ◽  
College Enrollment ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
High School Completion ◽  
Access To Higher Education ◽  
Drug Laws ◽  
School Completion ◽  
The Impact

Although college enrollment and completion rates have increased over the past 30 years, access to higher education has not been uniform across racial groups. In addition to racial gaps, differences in tertiary education outcomes exist by gender. Gender gaps in college enrollment are larger in the Latinx community than in other racial or ethnic groups. In this paper, we use the October Current Population Survey (CPS) supplements for the years 1984–1992 and state and federal drug laws to measure the impact of the passage of the 1986 Anti-Drug Abuse Act on the likelihood of college enrollment for young Latino men. Following the passage of the federal law, some states changed their drug laws around marijuana and cocaine possession and distribution. We use this variation in state law in order to explore whether states that have more lenient marijuana and cocaine laws also have a higher likelihood of college enrollment. We find that there was a four percentage point decline in both the likelihood of high school completion and that of college enrollment for Latinx men after the passage of the 1986 Anti-Drug Abuse Act. Findings have implications for modifications to state drug laws and addressing the ways in which these laws impact educational attainment for students underrepresented in higher education.

The Special Olympics Unified Champion Schools Program and High School Completion

2021 ◽  
pp. 000283122110327
Author(s):  
Michelle Yin ◽  
Garima Siwach ◽  
Yulia Belyakova
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Students With Disabilities ◽  
School Environment ◽  
School Engagement ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
High School Completion ◽  
Special Olympics ◽  
School Completion ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
The Impact

Despite an increase in special education enrollment, a stark gap in high school completion between students with and without disabilities persists. This study examined the impact of Unified Champion Schools (UCS), a Special Olympics program designed to foster social inclusion through three components—Unified Sports, Inclusive Youth Leadership, and Whole School Engagement—on high school graduation rates. Using a novel dataset and a difference-in-differences design, we found that implementing the UCS program increased the graduation rate by 1.1 percentage points for all students and 1.4 percentage points for students with disabilities. The increase in schooling outcomes for students with disabilities in UCS schools also was found to be positively correlated with perceptions about a more socially inclusive school environment.

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