The Impact of Immigration on Competing Natives' Wages: Evidence from German Reunification

2020 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Prantl ◽  
Alexandra Spitz-Oener
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
German Reunification ◽  
Berlin Wall ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Labor Market Conditions ◽  
East German ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Direct Measures

After the fall of the Berlin Wall on November 9, 1989, and the collapse of the German Democratic Republic, a sudden, unexpected, and massive influx of East German migrants hit the entire West German labor market. The context is well suited for investigating whether immigration influences natives' wages and how the effects depend on product and labor market conditions. We propose direct measures of potential migration with exogenous variation, compare migrants to natives with similar capabilities, and segment the labor market along predetermined margins. We find that immigration can have negative effects on the wages of natives. These effects surface when product and labor markets are competitive but not under regulations that restrict the entry of firms and provide workers with a strong influence on firms' decision making.

The Effects of Unemployment and Underemployment on Employment Opportunities

ILR Review ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 642-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Nunley ◽  
Adam Pugh ◽  
Nicholas Romero ◽  
R. Alan Seals
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
College Graduates ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Employment Opportunities ◽  
Labor Market Conditions ◽  
Strong Signal ◽  
Internship Experience ◽  
Unemployment Spells ◽  
The Impact

The authors use data from a résumé audit to estimate the impact of unemployment and underemployment on the employment prospects of recent college graduates. They find no statistical evidence linking unemployment spells of different durations to employment opportunities. By contrast, college graduates who are underemployed have callback rates that are 30% lower than those of applicants who are adequately employed. The null effects associated with unemployment and the adverse effects associated with underemployment are robust across cities with relatively tight and loose labor-market conditions. Internship experience obtained while completing one’s degree substantially reduces the negative effects of underemployment. The data support the proposition that employers view underemployment as a strong signal of lower expected productivity.

scholarly journals Impact of the Covid 19 Pandemic on the Labor Market in the Slovak Republic: Women vs. Men

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 396-409
Author(s):  
Jakub Harman
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Low Education ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

In the spring of 2020, the world was hit by the COVID-19 pandemic, which had a significant impact on both the economic and noneconomic spheres of everyone's life. The paper deals with the impact of the pandemic on the labour market in the Slovak Republic. The analysis examines data of selected indicators at the level of districts and regions. The results showed a more negative impact on men than on women. The economic activity rate of men decreased on average by 1 p.p., while that of women only by 0.5. At the same time, labor markets in eastern and central Slovakia were affected more than those in western Slovakia. The results of the analysis indicate that people with higher education are more resilient to the corona crisis than those with no or low education, specially women with higher education are more resilient to the corona crisis. A paradoxical outcome of the analysis is the finding that the number of workers in the 55+ age group in the labor market increased for both genders and across the country. The focus of economic policy should be to mitigate the negative effects of the corona crisis through measures aimed at creating jobs and increasing employment.

scholarly journals The Impact of Population Aging and Public Health Support on EU Labor Markets

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 1439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirela Cristea ◽  
Gratiela Georgiana Noja ◽  
Petru Stefea ◽  
Adrian Lucian Sala
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Older People ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Public Health Expenditure ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Life Years ◽  
The Impact

Population aging and public health expenditure mainly dedicated to older dependent persons present major challenges for the European Union (EU) Member States, with profound implications for their economies and labor markets. Sustainable economic development relies on a well-balanced workforce of young and older people. As this balance shifts in favor of older people, productivity tends to suffer, on the one hand, and the older group demands more from health services, on the other hand. These requisites tend to manifest differently within developed and developing EU countries. This research aimed to assess population aging impacts on labor market coordinates (employment rate, labor productivity), in the framework of several health dimensions (namely, health government expenditure, hospital services, healthy life years, perceived health) and other economic and social factors. The analytical approach consisted of applying structural equation models, Gaussian graphical models, and macroeconometric models (robust regression and panel corrected standard errors) to EU panel data for the years 1995–2017. The results show significant dissimilarities between developed and developing EU countries, suggesting the need for specific policies and strategies for the labor market integration of older people, jointly with public health expenditure, with implications for EU labor market performance.

scholarly journals The Influence of London on Labor Markets in Southern England, 1830-1914

1998 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
George R. Boyer
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Agricultural Labor ◽  
Market Conditions ◽  
Labor Market Conditions ◽  
Southern England ◽  
Wage Rates ◽  
Short Run

Historians have long acknowledged that London, because of its enormous size and rapidly growing demand for labor, acted as a powerful magnet for migrants from throughout southern England. However, while there is a large literature documenting the flow of migrants to London, there have been surprisingly few attempts to determine the consequences of this migration for southern labor markets. This article attempts to redress the imbalance in the literature by examining the influence of London on agricultural labor markets during the nineteenth century. In particular, the article examines the effect of distance from London on wage rates in southern England at various points in time, and the effect of labor market conditions in London on short-run changes in agricultural wage rates.

What Is and to What End Does One Study the History of East German Literature?

PMLA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 133 (3) ◽  
pp. 594-609
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Emmerich ◽  
Nicole G. Burgoyne ◽  
Andrew B. B. Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
German Democratic Republic ◽  
Literary History ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Berlin Wall ◽  
Literary Scholarship ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
East German ◽  
The Right

East german literary history is a case study of how political and cultural institutions interact. the state's cultural regime mo-nopolized the right to publish within its borders and demanded that the nation's new art describe contemporary life or its precedents. Even authors seen in the West as dissidents understood themselves, more often than not, as pursuing that goal and the broader aims of socialism with their work. During the lifespan of the German Democratic Republic, this political albatross weighed on all literary scholarship. Even now, whatever their feelings toward the socialist state, scholars, critics, and readers are bound to approach a text from East Germany as an artifact of its political culture—and rightly, because the political sphere encroached heavily on the artistic. But since German unification, the rise and fall in the stock of so many East German authors has directly resulted from political revelations, raising a number of troubling questions. Though historical distance seemed to have sprung up as abruptly as the Berlin Wall had come down, to what extent does scholarship from the German Democratic Republic represent only a heightened case of what is always true of literary history— namely, that political motivation colors critical evaluation? Is it possible to consider a work of literature with no recourse to the social and political circumstances under which it was written? And would it even be desirable to do so?

Modern Features of the Transformation of the World and Russian Labor Markets

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-12
Author(s):  
Vasiliy Svistunov ◽  
Valeriya Konovalova ◽  
Vitaliy Lobachyev
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Digital Technology ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Individual Factors ◽  
Cation Composition ◽  
The World ◽  
Digital Development ◽  
The Impact

The article is devoted to the assessment of the impact of modern digital technologies on the world and Russian labor market. The relevance of the chosen problem is explained by the fact that the achieved level of digital development of society has a signifi cant impact on the size of labor markets, the qualifi cation composition of workers, the demand for certain professions. The article presents the results of the analysis of the impact of digital technology on the growth of Russia’s GDP, the contribution of individual factors of growth in value added of diff erent sectors of the economy, including the sectoral dimension, the dynamics of digital technologies across regions of the country. The article presents the results of studies characterizing new trends in the labor market, formed as a response to the increasingly active penetration of the digital economy in the socioeconomic sphere of society.

Labor Market in the Light of Pension Reform

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-78
Author(s):  
Л. Аникеева ◽  
L. Anikeeva ◽  
Александра Митрофанова ◽  
Aleksandra Mitrofanova
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Pension Reform ◽  
The State ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
Unemployment Benefits ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
The Impact ◽  
To Receive

The article deals with issues related to the change in the situation on the labor market in connection with the new pension reform. The mechanism of the impact of the conditions and standards of pensions on the state of the labor market is revealed. Special attention is paid to increasing tension in the labor market due to the increase in the retirement age. The procedure for raising the retirement age is revealed, categories of workers are identified that will not be affected by raising the retirement age or who are entitled to receive an old-age insurance pension of a higher retirement age. Consideration is given to aspects related to changes in the conditions and procedure for granting unemployment benefits, including new conditions for granting benefits to persons in pre-retirement age. Particular attention is paid to the disclosure of the factors that determine the possibility of raising the retirement age, and the justification of measures that contribute to leveling the negative effects of the increase.

scholarly journals COVID-19 PANDEMIC’S IMPACT ON THE LABOUR MARKETS OF ASEAN MEMBER STATES (REVIEW)

2021 ◽  
pp. 141-153
Author(s):  
Olga Pryazhnikova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Informal Sector ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Labour Markets ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Labor Migrants ◽  
Asean Member ◽  
Asean Countries ◽  
The Impact

The review examines the implications of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the labor markets of ASEAN countries. Shows that measures to contain the spread of COVID-19, taken by the governments of the alliance countries, such as lockdowns and isolation, have led to a decrease in economic activity and in employment. Notes that the most vulnerable groups in the labor market of the ASEAN countries in the context of the crisis provoked by COVID-19 are labor migrants and persons employed in the informal sector of the economy.

Rückwanderung nach Ostdeutschland

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michaela Fuchs ◽  
Antje Weyh
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Return Migration ◽  
East Germany ◽  
Regional Labor Markets ◽  
Regional Labor ◽  
East German

Return migration to East Germany. Spatial patterns and relevance for regional labor markets. We analyze labor market-related return migration from West to East Germany between 1999 and 2012. The spatial patterns of relocating the place of living versus the place of work attribute clear benefits from return migration to the East German districts directly at the former intra-German border, the larger cities and the regions surrounding Berlin. Return migration to rural areas is in most cases undertaken by natives of these regions.

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