Comparison of the Levels of Presence and Anxiety in an Acrophobic Environment Viewed via HMD or CAVE

2009 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 232-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Carmen Juan ◽  
David Pérez
Keyword(s):  
T Test ◽  
Visualization System ◽  
Head Mounted Display ◽  
Sense Of Presence ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Visualization Systems ◽  
The One ◽  
High Level

People who suffer from acrophobia fear any situation that involves heights. Several virtual reality systems have been presented to treat this problem. This paper presents a comparison study of the levels of presence and anxiety in an acrophobic environment that is viewed using a computer automatic virtual environment (CAVE) and a head-mounted display (HMD). In this environment, the floor fell away and the walls rose up. To determine whether either of the two visualization systems induced a greater sense of presence/anxiety in non-phobic users, an experiment comparing the two visualization systems was carried out. Twenty-five participants took part in this study. After using each visualization system (HMD or CAVE), the participants were asked to fill out an adapted Slater et al. questionnaire (Slater, Usoh, & Steed, 1994), and a Student t test was applied to the data obtained. The CAVE induces a high level of presence in users. The mean score was 5.01 (where 7 is the maximum value), which was higher than the score obtained using the HMD which was 3.59. The Student t test indicates that there are significant statistical differences. The level of anxiety was also examined at different times during the experiment. The results indicate that both visualization systems provoke anxiety, but that the CAVE provokes more anxiety than the HMD. The animation in which the floor falls away is the one that provoked the most anxiety. The results from the correlation between the anxiety and the level of presence at the three times indicated a significant correlation between the two measures.

PENINGKATAN KUALITAS HIDUP MELALUI LOGOTERAPI PADA KLIEN YANG MENJALANI HEMODIALISIS

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-18
Author(s):  
Abdul Wakhid ◽  
Ana Puji Astuti ◽  
Maya Kurnia Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Renal Failure ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
T Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Mean

Logoterapi merupakan terapi untuk menemukan makna positif dibalik sebuah kejadian yang tidak diharapkan. Logoterapi dilaksanakan secara individu maupun berkelompok dalam bentuk konseling dan berorientasi pada pencarian makna hidup individu. Tujuan logoterapi meningkatkan makna pengalaman hidup individu yang diarahkan kepada pengambilan keputusan yang bertanggung jawab. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan rancangan pre-experiment dengan metode pre and post test group, artinya pengumpulan data dilakukan terhadap responden untuk membandingkan kualitas hidup sebelum dan sesudah dilakukan intervensi. Teknik pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan metode total sampling yaitu pengambilan seluruh sampel dengan tetap memperhatikan kriteria yang telah ditetapkan. Jumlah pasien yang menjalani hemodialisis di RSUD Ungaran sebanyak 21 orang dan di RSUD Ambarawa sebanyak 25 pasien. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji t test dependent. Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa dari 46 responden didapatkan rata-rata skor kualitas hidup pasien yang mejalani hemodialisis sebesar 60.22 dengan skor terrendah 55 dan skor tertinggi 69. Bahwa dari 46 responden didapatkan rata-rata skor kualitas hidup pasien yang mejalani hemodialisis sebesar 88.72 dengan skor terrendah 79 dan skor tertinggi 103. Hasil uji statistik dengan uji t test dependent diketahui ada pengaruh logoterapi terhadap kemampuan memaknai hidup pada klien yang menjalani hemodialisis di RSUD Kabupaten Semarang (p value: 0,0001). Saran perlunya peningkatan kemampuan perawat dalam memberikan layanan kesehatan termasuk pemberian atau pemanduan penemuan makna hidup bagi pasien hemodialysis, agar selain dengan hemodialysis, ada faktor internal dari pasien yang dapat dijadikan sebagai motivasi untuk sembuh dari penyakit.   Kata Kunci: Logoterapi, kualitas hidup   IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF PATIENTS WITH RENAL FAILURE WHO UNDERWENT HEMODIALYSIS   ABSTRACT Logotherapy is a therapy to discover the positive meaning behind an unexpected event. Logotherapy is carried out individually or in groups in the form of counseling and oriented to the search for the meaning of individual life. This study aims to improve the quality of life of patients with renal failure who underwent hemodialysis. This research was conducted by using pre-experiment with pre-post test study. The sampling technique was done by the convenience sampling. The number of patients undergoing hemodialysis as many as 46 respondents. Data analysis was done by using test t test dependent. The result showed that from 46 respondents got the mean of quality of life of patients who had hemodialysis 60.22 with lowest score 55 and highest score 69. Whereas from 46 respondents got the mean score of life quality of patients who had hemodialysis 88.72 with score the lowest score 79 and the highest score 103. The result of statistical test with t test dependent is known there is influence of logoterapi to the ability of meaningful life on client who undergo hemodialysis at Semarang Regency hospitals (p value: 0.0001). Advice on the need to improve the nurse's ability to provide health services, including the provision or guidance of the discovery of the meaning of life for hemodialysis patients, in addition to hemodialysis, there are internal factors of the patient that can be used as a motivation to recover from illness.   Keywords: Logotherapy, quality of life, kidney failure.  

DFT Benchmark Study of the O--O Bond Dissociation Energy in Peroxides Validated with High-Level Ab-Initio Calculations

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danilo Carmona ◽  
Pablo Jaque ◽  
Esteban Vöhringer-Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Reference Value ◽  
Basis Set ◽  
Basis Sets ◽  
Mean Deviation ◽  
Bond Dissociation ◽  
Dissociation Energies ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
High Level ◽  
Almost All

<div><div><div><p>Peroxides play a central role in many chemical and biological pro- cesses such as the Fenton reaction. The relevance of these compounds lies in the low stability of the O–O bond which upon dissociation results in radical species able to initiate various chemical or biological processes. In this work, a set of 64 DFT functional-basis set combinations has been validated in terms of their capability to describe bond dissociation energies (BDE) for the O–O bond in a database of 14 ROOH peroxides for which experimental values ofBDE are available. Moreover, the electronic contributions to the BDE were obtained for four of the peroxides and the anion H2O2− at the CBS limit at CCSD(T) level with Dunning’s basis sets up to triple–ζ quality provid- ing a reference value for the hydrogen peroxide anion as a model. Almost all the functionals considered here yielded mean absolute deviations around 5.0 kcal mol−1. The smallest values were observed for the ωB97 family and the Minnesota M11 functional with a marked basis set dependence. Despite the mean deviation, order relations among BDE experimental values of peroxides were also considered. The ωB97 family was able to reproduce the relations correctly whereas other functionals presented a marked dependence on the chemical nature of the R group. Interestingly, M11 functional did not show a very good agreement with the established order despite its good performance in the mean error. The obtained results support the use of similar validation strategies for proper prediction of BDE or other molecular properties by DF Tmethods in subsequent related studies.</p></div></div></div>

The way of value of Correlation of genomic DNA microsatellite loci and live weight of Chukchi reindeer

2020 ◽  
pp. 27-32
Author(s):  
V. Dodokhov ◽  
N. Pavlova ◽  
T. Rumyantseva ◽  
L. Kalashnikova
Keyword(s):  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Tribal Community ◽  
High Germination ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Level ◽  
Dna Microsatellite

The article presents the genetic characteristic of the Chukchi reindeer breed. The object of the study was of the Chukchi reindeer. In recent years, the number of reindeer of the Chukchi breed has declined sharply. Reduced reindeer numbers could lead to biodiversity loss. The Chukchi breed of deer has good meat qualities, has high germination viability and is adapted in adverse tundra conditions of Yakutia. Herding of the Chukchi breed of deer in Yakutia are engaged only in the Nizhnekolymsky district. There are four generic communities and the largest of which is the agricultural production cooperative of nomadic tribal community «Turvaurgin», which was chosen to assess the genetic processes of breed using microsatellite markers: Rt6, BMS1788, Rt 30, Rt1, Rt9, FCB193, Rt7, BMS745, C 143, Rt24, OheQ, C217, C32, NVHRT16, T40, C276. It was found that microsatellite markers have a wide range of alleles and generally have a high informative value for identifying of genetic differences between animals and groups of animal. The number of identified alleles is one of the indicators of the genetic diversity of the population. The total number of detected alleles was 127. The Chukchi breed of deer is characterized by a high level of heterozygosity, and the random crossing system prevails over inbreeding in the population. On average, there were 7.9 alleles (Na) per locus, and the mean number of effective alleles (Ne) was 4.1. The index of fixation averaged 0.001. The polymorphism index (PIC) ranged from 0.217 to 0.946, with an average of 0.695.

COMPARISON OF LEARNING MATH LEARNING RESULT STUDENTS WITH SAVI MODEL AND NHT MODEL ON STUDENT SMKN 1 KOLAKA

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-27
Author(s):  
S. Supratman ◽  
Sri Wulandari Muhlis
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Student Learning ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Mathematics Learning ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
T Test ◽  
Mathematics Students ◽  
Learning Models ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Learning Mathematics

The formulation of the problem in this research are: (1) How the result of learning mathematics of students after taught by SAVI learning model?, (2) How the result of learning mathematics of students after taught by NHT learning model?, (3) Is the result of learning mathematics of students who taught with SAVI learning model is higher than students taught by NHT learning model. The purpose of this study are: (1) To know how the results of learning mathematics students after teaching with SAVI learning model, (2) To find out how the results of learning mathematics students after being taught with NHT learning model, (3) To determine whether the results of learning mathematics students taught by SAVI learning models higher than students taught by NHT learning models. Type of research using experimental method. The population in this study is all students of class X spread in 11 parallel classes with the number of 310 people. Sampling was done by using cluster random sampling technique. In this research as a sample taken 2 classes from the entire population that is class X A3 as experiment class 1 using SAVI learning model and class X A1 as experiment class 2 using NHT learning model. From result of data analysis obtained that: (1) result of student learning taught by using SAVI learning model which consist of 25 students show minimum value 62, maximum value 96, mean (mean) 80,36, with standard deviation 9,10; (2) student learning outcomes taught using NHT learning model consisting of 25 students showing minimum score 62, maximum value 96, mean (mean) 79,62, with standard deviation 10,512; (3) result of t-test analysis using independent sample t-test obtained tcount = 0,302 at = 0,05 with degrees of freedom (dk) = 48 obtained t table = 2,011. Because t <t table then Ha is rejected and H0 is accepted. So it can be concluded that the mathematics learning outcomes of students who were taught with the SAVI model was not higher than the students taught by the NHT model.

Evaluation of Road Utilisation as Space For Holding Social Ceremonies in Indigenous Residential Area of Ogbomoso, Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (March 2018) ◽  
Author(s):  
S.A Okanlawon ◽  
O.O Odunjo ◽  
S.A Olaniyan
Keyword(s):  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Noisy Environment ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Core ◽  
Local Roads ◽  
Strict Enforcement ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The One ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town

This study examined Residents’ evaluation of turning transport infrastructure (road) to spaces for holding social ceremonies in the indigenous residential zone of Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria. Upon stratifying the city into the three identifiable zones, the core, otherwise known as the indigenous residential zone was isolated for study. Of the twenty (20) political wards in the two local government areas of the town, fifteen (15) wards that were located in the indigenous zone constituted the study area. Respondents were selected along one out of every three (33.3%) of the Trunk — C (local) roads being the one mostly used for the purpose in the study area. The respondents were the residents, commercial motorists, commercial motorcyclists, and celebrants. Six hundred and forty-two (642) copies of questionnaire were administered and harvested on the spot. The Mean Analysis generated from the respondents’ rating of twelve perceived hazards listed in the questionnaire were then used to determine respondents’ most highly rated perceived consequences of the practice. These were noisy environment, Blockage of drainage by waste, and Endangering the life of the sick on the way to hospital; the most highly rated reasons why the practice came into being; and level of acceptability of the practice which was found to be very unacceptable in the study area. Policy makers should therefore focus their attention on strict enforcement of the law prohibiting the practice in order to ensure more cordial relationship among the citizenry, seeing citizens’ unacceptability of the practice in the study area.

Relations between carbon removal rates, biofilm size and density of a novel anaerobic reactor: the inverse turbulent bed

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 253-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Buffière ◽  
R. Moletta
Keyword(s):  
Removal Rate ◽  
Removal Rates ◽  
Carbon Removal ◽  
Biofilm Growth ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Biomass Activity ◽  
High Turbulence ◽  
The One ◽  
High Level ◽  
Very High

An anaerobic inverse turbulent bed, in which the biogas only ensures fluidisation of floating carrier particles, was investigated for carbon removal kinetics and for biofilm growth and detachment. The range of operation of the reactor was kept within 5 and 30 kgCOD· m−3· d−1, with Hydraulic Retention Times between 0.28 and 1 day. The carbon removal efficiency remained between 70 and 85%. Biofilm size were rather low (between 5 and 30 μm) while biofilm density reached very high values (over 80 kgVS· m−3). The biofilm size and density varied with increasing carbon removal rates with opposite trends; as biofilm size increases, its density decreases. On the one hand, biomass activity within the reactor was kept at a high level, (between 0.23 and 0.75 kgTOC· kgVS· d−1, i.e. between 0.6 and 1.85 kgCOD·kgVS · d−1).This result indicates that high turbulence and shear may favour growth of thin, dense and active biofilms. It is thus an interesting tool for biomass control. On the other hand, volatile solid detachment increases quasi linearly with carbon removal rate and the total amount of solid in the reactor levels off at high OLR. This means that detachment could be a limit of the process at higher organic loading rates.

Digital volumetric measurements based on 3D scans of the lower limb: A valid and reproducible method for evaluation in lymphedema therapy. (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Schiltz ◽  
Natalie Kiermeier ◽  
Dominik Eibl ◽  
Christoph Koch ◽  
Karolina Müller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Lower Leg ◽  
T Test ◽  
Volume Changes ◽  
Quick Method ◽  
Reproducible Method ◽  
The Mean ◽  
3D Scans ◽  
Paired T Test ◽  
Volumetric Measurements

BACKGROUND Exact quantification of volumetric changes of the extremities is difficult. There are several direct and indirect methods to assess extremity volume. As water displacement volumetry is rarely viable in a clinical setting and circumference measurements are prone to errors due to poor reproducibility and high inter- and intra-observer variability, an objective and easily reproducible method is indispensable. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to establish a standardized method based on 3D scans with defined caudal and cranial landmarks of the lower leg which allows for measurements of exactly the same body area. Furthermore, this study tests the method in terms of reproducibility and evaluates volume changes after surgical therapy in patients suffering from lymphedema. METHODS 3D-scans of the lower limb were performed with a mobile 3D-scanner. Volumetric calculation was done digitally. “Repeatability“ and “Inter-observer reliability” of digital volumetry were tested. Furthermore, the method was applied on 31 patients suffering from chronic lymphedema. ANOVA (analyses of variance) was conducted to compare the digital volumetric measurements. To assess the sensitivity to changes in digital volumetry, the mean volume of 31 patients before and 3 months after therapy were compared by a paired t-Test. RESULTS Calculations of repeatability of the volume based on 20 3D-scans of the same lower leg showed a mean volume of 2,488 ± 0,011 liters (range: 2,470 – 2,510). The mean volume of the 7 measurements of the 3 examiners did not differ significantly (F(2,18) = 1,579, p = .233). The paired t-Test showed a significant mean volume decrease of 375ml (95% CI = 245/505ml) between pre and post treatment (t (30) =5,892, p < .001). CONCLUSIONS 3D-Volumetry is a noninvasive, easy and quick method to assess volume changes of the lower leg. Other than the costs, it is reproducible and precise and therefore ideal for evolution of therapy in lymphedema.

scholarly journals Performance of microvascular anastomosis with a new robotic visualization system: proof of concept

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Boehm ◽  
P. J. Schuler ◽  
R. Riepl ◽  
L. Schild ◽  
T. K. Hoffmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Body Position ◽  
Head Movements ◽  
Camera System ◽  
Visualization System ◽  
Head Mounted Display ◽  
General Evaluation ◽  
Surgical Field ◽  
Technical Instructions

AbstractMicrovascular procedures require visual magnification of the surgical field, e.g. by a microscope. This can be accompanied by an unergonomic posture with musculoskeletal pain or long-term degenerative changes as the eye is bound to the ocular throughout the whole procedure. The presented study describes the advantages and drawbacks of a 3D exoscope camera system. The RoboticScope®-system (BHS Technologies®, Innsbruck, Austria) features a high-resolution 3D-camera that is placed over the surgical field and a head-mounted-display (HMD) that the camera pictures are transferred to. A motion sensor in the HMD allows for hands-free change of the exoscope position via head movements. For general evaluation of the system functions coronary artery anastomoses of ex-vivo pig hearts were performed. Second, the system was evaluated for anastomosis of a radial-forearm-free-flap in a clinical setting/in vivo. The system positioning was possible entirely hands-free using head movements. Camera control was intuitive; visualization of the operation site was adequate and independent from head or body position. Besides technical instructions of the providing company, there was no special surgical training of the surgeons or involved staff upfront performing the procedures necessary. An ergonomic assessment questionnaire showed a favorable ergonomic position in comparison to surgery with a microscope. The outcome of the operated patient was good. There were no intra- or postoperative complications. The exoscope facilitates a change of head and body position without losing focus of the operation site and an ergonomic working position. Repeated applications have to clarify if the system benefits in clinical routine.

scholarly journals Pattern of symptom improvement following endoscopic sinus surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis

BMC Surgery ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Salma S. Al Sharhan ◽  
Mohammed H. Al Bar ◽  
Shahad Y. Assiri ◽  
Assayl R. AlOtiabi ◽  
Deemah M. Bin-Nooh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Outcomes ◽  
Endoscopic Sinus Surgery ◽  
T Test ◽  
Sinus Surgery ◽  
Symptom Improvement ◽  
P Value ◽  
Psychological Dysfunction ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Snot 22

Abstract Background Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a common inflammation of the nose and the paranasal sinuses. Intractable CRS cases are generally treated with endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). Although the effect of ESS on CRS symptoms has been studied, the pattern of symptom improvement after ESS for CRS is yet to be investigated. The aim of this study was to determine the magnitude and sequence of symptom improvement after ESS for CRS, and to assess the possible preoperative factors that predict surgical outcomes in CRS patients. Methods This was a longitudinal prospective study of 68 patients who had CRS (with or without nasal polyps). The patients underwent ESS at King Fahd Hospital of the University, Al Khobar, Saudi Arabia. The Sino-nasal Outcome Test-22 (SNOT-22) questionnaire was used for assessment at four time points during the study: pre-ESS, 1-week post-ESS, 4 weeks post-ESS, and 6 months post-ESS. Results The difference between the mean scores recorded for the five SNOT-22 domains pre-ESS and 6 months post-ESS were as follows: rhinologic symptoms (t-test = 7.22, p-value =  < 0.001); extra-nasal rhinologic symptoms (t-test = 4.87, p-value =  < 0.001); ear/facial symptoms (t-test = 6.34, p-value =  < 0.001); psychological dysfunction (t-test = 1.99, p-value = 0.049); and sleep dysfunction (t-test = 5.58, p-value =  < 0.001). There was a significant difference between the mean scores recorded for the five domains pre-ESS and 6 months post-ESS. Rhinologic symptoms had the largest effect size (d = 1.12), whereas psychological dysfunction had the least effect size (d = 0.24). The only statistically significant difference in the SNOT-22 mean scores recorded 4 weeks post-ESS was observed between allergic and non-allergic patients (t = − 2.16, df = 66, p = 0.035). Conclusion Understanding the pattern of symptom improvement following ESS for CRS will facilitate patient counselling and aid the optimization of the current treatment protocols to maximize surgical outcomes and quality of life. Level of evidence Prospective observational.

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