scholarly journals Dynamic spatiotemporal patterns of brain connectivity reorganize across development

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakub Vohryzek ◽  
Alessandra Griffa ◽  
Emeline Mullier ◽  
Cecilia Friedrichs-Maeder ◽  
Corrado Sandini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Brain Dynamics ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Functional Patterns ◽  
Global Increase ◽  
High Level ◽  
White Matter Connectivity ◽  
The Relationship

Late human development is characterized by the maturation of high-level functional processes, which rely on reshaping of white matter connections, as well as synaptic density. However, the relationship between the whole-brain dynamics and the underlying white matter networks in neurodevelopment is largely unknown. In this study, we focused on how the structural connectome shapes the emerging dynamics of cerebral development between the ages of 6 and 33 years, using functional and diffusion magnetic resonance imaging combined into a spatiotemporal connectivity framework. We defined two new measures of brain dynamics, namely the system diversity and the spatiotemporal diversity, which quantify the level of integration/segregation between functional systems and the level of temporal self-similarity of the functional patterns of brain dynamics, respectively. We observed a global increase in system diversity and a global decrease and local refinement in spatiotemporal diversity values with age. In support of these findings, we further found an increase in the usage of long-range and inter-system white matter connectivity and a decrease in the usage of short-range connectivity with age. These findings suggest that dynamic functional patterns in the brain progressively become more integrative and temporally self-similar with age. These functional changes are supported by a greater involvement of long-range and inter-system axonal pathways.

scholarly journals Quantifying indices of short- and long-range white matter connectivity at each cortical vertex

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. e0187493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Carmela Padula ◽  
Marie Schaer ◽  
Elisa Scariati ◽  
A. Kadir Mutlu ◽  
Daniela Zöller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Long Range ◽  
White Matter Connectivity

Brain connectivity in body dysmorphic disorder compared with controls: a diffusion tensor imaging study

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (12) ◽  
pp. 2513-2521 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. G. Buchanan ◽  
S. L. Rossell ◽  
J. J. Maller ◽  
W. L. Toh ◽  
S. Brennan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Tensor Imaging ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Body Dysmorphic Disorder ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Imaging Study ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Caudate Nuclei ◽  
White Matter Connectivity ◽  
The Brain

BackgroundSeveral neuroimaging studies have investigated brain grey matter in people with body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), showing possible abnormalities in the limbic system, orbitofrontal cortex, caudate nuclei and temporal lobes. This study takes these findings forward by investigating white matter properties in BDD compared with controls using diffusion tensor imaging. It was hypothesized that the BDD sample would have widespread significantly reduced white matter connectivity as characterized by fractional anisotropy (FA).MethodA total of 20 participants with BDD and 20 healthy controls matched on age, gender and handedness underwent diffusion tensor imaging. FA, a measure of water diffusion within a voxel, was compared between groups on a voxel-by-voxel basis across the brain using tract-based spatial statistics within the FSL package.ResultsResults showed that, compared with healthy controls, BDD patients demonstrated significantly lower FA (p < 0.05) in most major white matter tracts throughout the brain, including in the superior longitudinal fasciculus, inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus and corpus callosum. Lower FA levels could be accounted for by increased radial diffusivity as characterized by eigenvalues 2 and 3. No area of higher FA was found in BDD.ConclusionsThis study provided the first evidence of compromised white matter integrity within BDD patients. This suggests that there are inefficient connections between different brain areas, which may explain the cognitive and emotion regulation deficits within BDD patients.

scholarly journals Psychosis related to neurological conditions: pro and cons of the dis- / mis-connectivity models of schizophrenia

2006 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-27
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Neuronal Loss ◽  
Functional Level ◽  
Local Reduction ◽  
Neurological Conditions

Schizophrenia is still a condition with obscure causes and psychopathology. This paper aims to discuss the "disconnectivity" hypothesis in relation to some neurological conditions which are known to alter brain connectivity, as well as mimicking some aspects of the disorder. After a short historical introduction to the concept, we will examine the evidence for connectivity problems in schizophrenia, separating the anatomical level from the functional level. Then, we will discuss three different issues concerning connectivity: i) local reduction in connectivity without neuronal loss (within the gray matter); ii) reduction in or alteration of long-range connectivity (within the white matter); and iii) abnormal targets for connections. For each of these aspects, we will look at the conditions able to reproduce anomalies capable of increasing susceptibility to schizophrenia. We conclude that psychosis is more likely to occur: i) when long-range connectivity is concerned; ii) when lesions result in lengthening and scattering of conduction times; and iii) when there are high dopamine levels, shedding light on or adding weight to the idea of an interaction between dopamine and connectivity.

Tract-Based Spatial Statistics Reveal Altered Relationship Between Non-verbal Reasoning Abilities and White Matter Integrity in Autism Spectrum Disorder

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 723-728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy M. Ellmore ◽  
Hai Li ◽  
Zhong Xue ◽  
Stephen T.C. Wong ◽  
Richard E. Frye
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
White Matter Integrity ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Reasoning Abilities ◽  
Intellectual Abilities ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractAltered brain connectivity accompanies autism spectrum disorders (ASD), but the relationship between connectivity and intellectual abilities, which often differs within ASD, and between ASD and typically developing (TD) children, is not understood. Here, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was used to explore the relationship between white matter integrity and non-verbal intelligence quotients (IQ) in children with ASD and in age- and gender-matched TD children. Tract-based spatial statistical analyses (TBSS) of DTI fractional anisotropy (FA) revealed altered relationships between white matter and IQ. Different relationships were found using within-group analyses, where regions of significant (p< .05, corrected) correlations in ASD overlapped minimally with regions of FA-IQ correlations in TD subjects. An additional between-groups analysis revealed significant correlation differences in widespread cortical and subcortical areas. These preliminary findings suggest altered brain connectivity may underlie some differences in intellectual abilities of ASD, and should be investigated further in larger samples as a function of development. (JINS, 2013,19, 1–6)

scholarly journals Diffuse reduction of white matter connectivity in cerebral palsy with specific vulnerability of long range fiber tracts

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 440-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoë A. Englander ◽  
Carolyn E. Pizoli ◽  
Anastasiya Batrachenko ◽  
Jessica Sun ◽  
Gordon Worley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Fiber Tracts ◽  
Specific Vulnerability ◽  
White Matter Connectivity

A model for anteroposterior patterning of the vertebrate limb based on sequential long- and short-range Shh signalling and Bmp signalling

Development ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 127 (7) ◽  
pp. 1337-1348 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Drossopoulou ◽  
K.E. Lewis ◽  
J.J. Sanz-Ezquerro ◽  
N. Nikbakht ◽  
A.P. McMahon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Long Range ◽  
Short Range ◽  
Limb Bud ◽  
Anteroposterior Patterning ◽  
Dose Dependent Fashion ◽  
Bmp Signalling ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Digit Identity

It has been proposed that digit identity in chick limb bud is specified in a dose-dependent fashion by a long-range morphogen, produced by the polarising region. One candidate is Sonic hedgehog (Shh) protein, but it is not clear whether Shh acts long or short range or via Bmps. Here we dissect the relationship between Shh and Bmp signalling. We show that Shh is necessary not only for initiating bmp2 expression but also for sustaining its expression during the period when additional digits are being specified. We also show that we can reproduce much of the effect of Shh during this period by applying only Bmp2. We further demonstrate that it is Bmps that are responsible for digit specification by transiently adding Noggin or Bmp antibodies to limbs treated with Shh. In such limbs, multiple additional digits still form but they all have the same identity. We also explored time dependency and range of Shh signalling by examining ptc expression. We show that high-level ptc expression is induced rapidly when either Shh beads or polarising regions are grafted to a host limb. Furthermore, we find that high-level ptc expression is first widespread but later more restricted. All these data lead us to propose a new model for digit patterning. We suggest that Shh initially acts long range to prime the region of the limb competent to form digits and thus control digit number. Then later, Shh acts short range to induce expression of Bmps, whose morphogenetic action specifies digit identity.

scholarly journals Neurophysiological Biomarkers of Persistent Post-concussive Symptoms: A Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sepehr Mortaheb ◽  
Maria Maddalena Filippini ◽  
Jean-François Kaux ◽  
Jitka Annen ◽  
Nicolas Lejeune ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Positive Finding ◽  
Conventional Mri ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Functional Patterns ◽  
Task Positive Network ◽  
The Relationship

Background and Objectives: Persistent post-concussive symptoms (PCS) consist of neurologic and psychological complaints persisting after a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). It affects up to 50% of mTBI patients, may cause long-term disability, and reduce patients' quality of life. The aim of this review was to examine the possible use of different neuroimaging modalities in PCS.Methods: Articles from Pubmed database were screened to extract studies that investigated the relationship between any neuroimaging features and symptoms of PCS. Descriptive statistics were applied to report the results.Results: A total of 80 out of 939 papers were included in the final review. Ten examined conventional MRI (30% positive finding), 24 examined diffusion weighted imaging (54.17% positive finding), 23 examined functional MRI (82.61% positive finding), nine examined electro(magneto)encephalography (77.78% positive finding), and 14 examined other techniques (71% positive finding).Conclusion: MRI was the most widely used technique, while functional techniques seem to be the most sensitive tools to evaluate PCS. The common functional patterns associated with symptoms of PCS were a decreased anti-correlation between the default mode network and the task positive network and reduced brain activity in specific areas (most often in the prefrontal cortex).Significance: Our findings highlight the importance to use functional approaches which demonstrated a functional alteration in brain connectivity and activity in most studies assessing PCS.

scholarly journals White Matter Correlates of Theory of Mind in Patients With First-Episode Psychosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nahrie Suk Kim ◽  
Tae Young Lee ◽  
Wu Jeong Hwang ◽  
Yoo Bin Kwak ◽  
Seowoo Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
First Episode Psychosis ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Strange Story ◽  
Episode Psychosis ◽  
White Matter Connectivity ◽  
The Relationship

Deficits in theory of mind (ToM) are considered as a distinctive feature of schizophrenia. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have suggested that aberrant activity among the regions comprising the mentalizing network is related to observed ToM deficits. However, the white matter structures underlying the ToM functional network in schizophrenia remain unclear. To investigate the relationship between white matter integrity and ToM impairment, 35 patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP) and 29 matched healthy controls (HCs) underwent diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Using tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS), fractional anisotropy (FA) values of the two regions of interest (ROI)–the cingulum and superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF)–were acquired, and correlational analysis with ToM task scores was performed. Among the patients with FEP, ToM strange story scores were positively correlated with the FA values of the left cingulum and left SLF. There was no significant correlation between FA and ToM task scores in HCs. These results suggest that the left cingulum and SLF constitute a possible neural basis for ToM deficits in schizophrenia. Our study is the first to demonstrate the white matter connectivity underlying the mentalizing network, as well as its relation to ToM ability in patients with FEP.

Dysautonomia is associated with structural and functional alterations in Parkinson disease

Neurology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 92 (13) ◽  
pp. e1456-e1467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seok Jong Chung ◽  
Youn Jung Bae ◽  
Suhnyoung Jun ◽  
Han Soo Yoo ◽  
Seung Woo Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Parkinson Disease ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Autonomic Dysfunction ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
White Matter Connectivity

ObjectiveTo investigate whether the presence of autonomic dysfunction is associated with white matter and functional connectivities and the level of cognitive performance in patients with de novo Parkinson disease (PD).MethodsSeventy-five patients with de novo PD underwent a comprehensive autonomic function test and were classified into 2 groups according to the Composite Autonomic Severity Score (CASS; 30 with moderate to severe autonomic dysfunction [CASS 4–10, PD-AUT+] and 45 without significant autonomic dysfunction [CASS 0–3, PD-AUT−]). Network-based statistics and a graph theoretical analysis were performed to assess the interregional white matter connectivity using diffusion tensor imaging. We also performed analyses of resting-state functional connectivity and compared cognitive performance between the 2 groups.ResultsThere were no significant differences in demographic characteristics and vascular risk factors between the PD-AUT+ and PD-AUT− groups. The PD-AUT+ group showed poorer cognitive performance on frontal/executive function than the PD-AUT− group. The PD-AUT+ group exhibited severely disrupted white matter connectivity in both fronto-subcortical and posterior cortical regions, which was well correlated with the severity of autonomic dysfunction assessed by the CASS. In addition, functional connectivity within the executive control network and dorsal attention network negatively correlated with the CASS.ConclusionsOur results suggest that autonomic dysfunction is associated with disrupted white matter and functional brain connectivity as well as cognitive impairment in de novo patients with PD.

scholarly journals A case of aphasia due to temporobasal edema: Contemporary models of language anatomy are clinically relevant

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 212
Author(s):  
Werner Surbeck ◽  
Francois Gerardy ◽  
Aude Barjona Morgado De Moura ◽  
Louis Deprez ◽  
Didier Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Network Models ◽  
Complete Recovery ◽  
Functional Disturbance ◽  
Verbal Comprehension ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Occipitotemporal Cortex ◽  
White Matter Connectivity

Background: Understanding the anatomy of language in the human brain is crucial for neurosurgical decision making and complication avoidance. The traditional anatomical models of human language, relying on relatively simple and rigid concepts of brain connectivity, cannot explain all clinical observations. The clinical case reported here illustrates the relevance of more recent concepts of language networks involving white matter tracts and their connections. Case Description: Postoperative edema of the ventral occipitotemporal cortex, where modern network models locate a crucial language hub, resulted in transient severe aphasia after a subtemporal approach. Both verbal comprehension and expression were lost. The resolution of edema was associated with complete recovery from phonetic and semantic dysfunction. Conclusion: Complete aphasia due to a functional disturbance remote from the areas of Broca and Wernicke could be explained by contemporary neuroanatomical concepts of white matter connectivity. Knowledge of network-based models is relevant in brain surgery complication avoidance.

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