scholarly journals Category Mismatches in Coordination Vindicated

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-35
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Patejuk ◽  
Adam Przepiórkowski
Keyword(s):  
Syntactic Position

Abstract Bruening and Al Khalaf (2020) deny the possibility of coordination of unlike categories. They use three mechanisms to reanalyze such coordination as involving same categories: conjunction reduction, supercategories, and empty heads. We show that their attempt leaves many cases of unlike category coordination unaccounted for and we point out various methodological, technical, and empirical problems with their proposal. We conclude that the so-called Law of the Coordination of Likes is a myth. Instead, all conjuncts must satisfy any external restrictions on the syntactic position they occupy. Such restrictions may be rigid, resulting in categorial sameness, but when they are underspecified or disjunctive, category “mismatches” may arise.

An Analysis of Expletive Words Used in Conversation by Kubang Society, Pauh Sub District, Padang

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-75
Author(s):  
Muthia Damaiyanti ◽  
Edwar Kemal
Keyword(s):  
Recording Technique ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Complex Sentences ◽  
Syntactic Position ◽  
Written Form ◽  
And Function ◽  
Simple Sentences

Speaking is one of the activities conducted by human everyday. In speaking, the sentences can be simple sentences and even complex sentences. Sometimes, in speaking the words and phrases are used to fill a syntactic position without having a meaning or referent. It is called expletive. The research analyzes the form and function of expletive in utterances of kubang society. The data were collected through interviews and recording technique and the theory used from Azar and Manser. The data were presented in written form. The research shows that there are fiften expletive words used by Kubang society in conversation. Expletive often appears in adverb. Though, it is only a filler, expletive words are often used by Kubang society.

SYNTACTIC TYPOLOGY OF MULTICOMPONENT VERBAL PHRASEO-COMBINATIONS OF THE GERMAN LANGUAGE

2020 ◽  
pp. 28-37
Author(s):  
Е.О. Ковыршина
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
German Language ◽  
Sentence Structure ◽  
Syntactic Structures ◽  
Continuous Sampling ◽  
Bilingual Dictionaries ◽  
Syntactic Position ◽  
Word Forms ◽  
Concrete Language

Постановка задачи. В статье на материале собранного корпуса фразеологических единиц (в количестве 1828 ФЕ), полученного методом сплошной выборки из немецкоязычных и двуязычных словарей, выделяются и анализируются с синтаксической позиции многокомпонентные фразеоединицы со структурой словосочетания с главным словом - глаголом. Способом буквального перевода определяются синтаксические типы, которые активно используются для создания многокомпонентных глагольных фразеосочетаний (МКГФС), выявляется специфика синтаксических типов немецких ФС и создается синтаксическая типология МКГФС немецкого языка. Результаты. На основе изученного материала было выделено восемь синтаксических типов МКГФС. В ходе исследования с помощью метода квантитативного анализа были установлены наиболее частотные типы структурно-синтаксических схем, активно образующие многокомпонентные глагольные фразеосочетания. Выделение синтаксических типов немецких МКГФС и их анализ позволили установить специфику синтаксической организации МКГФС немецкого языка. Выводы. На основе проведенного исследования была создана синтаксическая типология МКГФС немецкого языка, одного из наиболее многочисленных классов многокомпонентных фразеоединиц с разнообразной синтаксической организацией. Установлено, что в немецком языке существуют специальные синтаксические структуры из трех и более словоформ, которые используются для создания многокомпонентных фразеосочетаний. Анализ МКГФС позволил выявить специфику немецких типов с двумя глагольными компонентами и выделить самый продуктивный, частотный (566 ФС) тип МКГФС со структурой сложного словосочетания. Проведенное исследование и дальнейшее изучение синтаксических типов других многокомпонентых ФЕ - неглагольных типов, ФЕ со структурой предложения позволят расширить и углубить знания о многокомпонентных фразеоединицах, занимающих весомое место в фразеологической системе немецкого языка. Изучение типов структурно-синтаксических схем МКГФС и других многокомпонентных ФЕ, являющихся конкретным языковым воплощением структурной модели ФС, открывает новые перспективы в области синтаксического моделирования немецкого языка. Statement of the problem. In the article on the material of the assembled corpus of phraseological units (in the amount of 1828 PU), obtained by the method of continuous sampling from German-language and bilingual dictionaries, multicomponent phraseological units with a phrase structure with the main word - a verb consisting of three or more components are selected and analyzed from the syntactic position. The method of literal translation determines the syntactic types that are actively used to create multicomponent verbal phraseological combinations (MCVPC), the specificity of syntactic is revealed. types of German PC and syntactic typology of the MCVPC of the German language is created. Results. Based on the material studied, eight syntactic types of MCVPC were distinguished. In the course of the study, using the method of quantitative analysis, the most frequency types of structural-syntactic schemes were established that actively form multicomponent verbal phrase combinations. Syntax type extraction of German MCVPC and their analysis made it possible to establish the specifics of the syntactic organization of the MCVPC of the German language. Conclusion. A syntactic typology of the MCVPC of the German language, one of the most numerous classes of multicomponent phraseological units with a diverse syntactic organization was created on the basis of the study. It is established that in the German language there are special syntactic structures of three or more word forms that are used to create multicomponent phrase combinations. The analysis of MCVPC revealed the specificity of German types with two verb components and highlighted the most productive, frequency (566PC) type of MCVPC with the structure of a complex phrase. The study of the syntactic types of other multicomponent phraseological units - non-verb types, phraseological units with a sentence structure will allow us to expand and deepen our knowledge of multicomponent phraseological units, which occupy a significant place in the phraseological system of the German language. Study of the structural-syntactic schemes types of the MCVPC and other multicomponent phraseological units, which are the concrete language embodiment of the structural model of the FS, opens up new prospects in the field of syntactic modeling of the German language.

Genetiuus and Ablatiuus pretii in Latin: concepts, functions, and formal marks

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Esperanza Torrego
Keyword(s):  
Intrinsic Value ◽  
Market Value ◽  
Intrinsic Property ◽  
Syntactic Position

AbstractThis paper deals with the revision of the Genitive and the Ablative as codes for the expressions of value and price. In the first part (Sections 2 and 3), the paper revisits the problem of the productivity and partial interchangeability of the two markers and concludes that both are productive, each one for one role: the Genitive is the only way of codifying intrinsic value (understood as an intrinsic property of entities), whereas the Ablative only codifies market value. Market value is projected as estimated value in some contexts, and as price, in other contexts. The second part of the paper (Section 4) deals with the syntactic position they take in their verbal contexts and concludes that the fact that the valuing expression is in the complement, not in the verbs, is an important factor in explaining the association of the Genitive to intrinsic value and the Ablative to market value (projected in some contexts as price).

Verb paradigm in Tomo Kan Dogon: interconnections of polypredicative constructions, grammaticalization, and tonology

2021 ◽  
pp. 252-268
Author(s):  
V. V. Dyachkov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
The Other ◽  
Anal Ysis ◽  
Syntactic Position ◽  
The Family ◽  
Similar Range ◽  
Tonal Contour ◽  
Relationship Of

The paper deals with the grammaticalization problems in Tomo Kan (Dogon family, Niger-Congo) and, in particular, with the diachronic relationship of polypredicative constructions and TAM markers. Dogon languages are characterized by TAM systems that seem to be dia-chronically unstable since markers with a similar range of meanings go back to different lexi-cal sources in different languages of the family. TAM markers are apparently associated with polypredicative constructions, which are very common in Dogon and preserve some of their morphosyntactic properties. At the same time, Dogon languages are characterized by complex tonal changes triggered not only by phonological context but also by the syntactic position of constituents. These tonal changes, frequently referred to as tonosyntax, accompany the formation of polypredicative constructions and other syntactic phenomena. A thorough inves-tigation of Tomo Kan TAM markers shows their tonosyntactic properties to resemble those of polypredicative constructions. Moreover, assuming that tonosyntax of polypredicative con-structions triggers certain tonal contour overlays, one can account for tonal alternations ob-served in TAM forms which would have been left otherwise unexplained. However, the anal-ysis also reveals that at least two classes of TAM forms must be distinguished in Tomo Kan: one of them inherits the tonosyntax of polypredicative constructions while the other does not. A hypothesis is put forward that the latter class has a different source of grammaticalization and is probably associated with verb stem incorporation rather than with polypredication. Methodologically, the paper shows a critical role of tonology in the analysis of grammaticalization processes in tonal languages.

scholarly journals Two types of aa3-nominals in Cantonese

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-103
Author(s):  
Joanna Ut-Seong Sio ◽  
Sze-Wing Tang
Keyword(s):  
Syntactic Position ◽  
Semantic Properties

Abstract This paper provides an overview of the grammatical properties of the Cantonese aa3, a nominal element that only attaches itself to [+human] nouns. We provide evidence to show that there are in fact two types of aa3-nominals. Their syntactic and semantic properties correlate with the number of syllables they consist of. There is a two-way split between disyllabic aa3-nominals and multisyllabic aa3-nominals. Aa3 in disyllabic aa3-nominals should be treated as a prosodic template filler while aa3 in multisyllabic aa3-nominals occupies a syntactic position in the referential layer of the Chinese nominal.

Tipos de Predicação em Aristóteles

2005 ◽  
Vol 13 (26) ◽  
pp. 7-34
Author(s):  
António Pedro Mesquita ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Specific Difference ◽  
Complex Entity ◽  
Posterior Analytics ◽  
Present Essay ◽  
Syntactic Position ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Per Se

Predication is a complex entity in Aristotelian thought. The aim of the present essay is to account for this complexity, making explicit the diverse forms it assumes. To this end, we tum to a crucial chapter of the Posterior Analytics (1 22), where, in the most complete and developed manner within the corpus, Aristotle proceeds to systematize this topic. From the analysis, it will become apparent that predication can assume, generically, five forms: 1) the predication of essence (τὸ αύτᾢ εἶναι κατηγορεἲσθαι), that is of the genus and the specific difference; 2) essential predication (τὸ αύτᾢ εἶναι κατηγορεἲσθαι), that is either of the genus or of the differences (or their genera); 3) the predication of accidents per se 4) and of simple accidents (ώς συμβεβηκότα κατηγορεἲσθαι); and 5) accidental predication (κατἁ συμβεβηκός κατηγορεἲσθαι). However, only types 2-4 are forms of strict predication (άπλὢς). In effect, the “predication” of essence is not a genuine predication, but a formula for identity, constituting, technically, the statement of the essence of the subject (or its definition). On the other hand, accidental “predication” can only be conceived of as such equivocally, since it results from a linguistic accident through which the ontological subject of the attribution suffers a displacement to the syntactic position of the predicate, which is not, by nature, its own. In neither case does the phrase bring about any legitimate predication. The study concludes with a discussion of Aristotle’s thesis according to which no substance can be a predicate, which is implied by its notion of accidental predication, a thesis which has been - and in our opinion wrongly so - challenged in modem times.

Punctual time adverbials in Italian

2020 ◽  
pp. 38-52
Author(s):  
Valentina Bianchi
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Syntactic Structure ◽  
Intervention Effect ◽  
Reference Time ◽  
Functional Projection ◽  
Event Time ◽  
Compositional Semantic ◽  
Syntactic Position ◽  
The Subject

In past and future perfect sentences, punctual time adverbials like at five o’clock can specify either the Event Time or the Reference Time. In Italian, their interpretation is affected by syntactic position: a clause-peripheral adverbial allows for both interpretations, while a clause-internal adverbial only has the E-interpretation. Moreover, for clause-peripheral adverbials the presence of the adverb già (already) blocks the E-interpretation. It is shown that this pattern can be accounted for under a smuggling analysis, in which (i) the adverbial is merged as a DP in a functional projection intervening between T and the subject in the edge of v/VP, thus blocking Agree between them; (ii) smuggling of v/VP past the adverbial solves the intervention effect; and (iii) an E-adverbial originates in a projection below già (already), while an R-adverbial originates in a projection above it. A compositional semantic analysis is provided for the proposed syntactic structure.

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