Agreeing Adpositions in Avar and The Directionality-of-Valuation Debate

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 829-844 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Rudnev
Keyword(s):  
Case Assignment ◽  
Traditional Conception ◽  
Central Spot ◽  
Rare Phenomenon ◽  
Lively Debate ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Agreement Morphology ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Locative Case

Given the central spot afforded to unvalued features in current theorizing, the directionality of feature valuation is the subject of a lively debate in the syntactic literature. The traditional conception of upward valuation, whereby the unvalued probe inherits features from a valued goal in its c-command domain ( Chomsky 2000 , 2001 , Carstens and Diercks 2013 , Preminger 2013 ), has to compete with downward valuation ( Zeijlstra 2012 ), Hybrid Agree ( Bjorkman and Zeijlstra 2019 ), and bidirectional Agree ( Baker 2008 ), among others. Here, using data from Avar, I discuss the crosslinguistically rare phenomenon of adposition agreement, whereby certain adverbs, postpositions, and locative case forms undergo agreement with an absolutive argument. I set the stage by sketching the mechanism of case assignment and argument-predicate agreement in Avar ( section 1 ) and introducing the phenomenon of adposition agreement ( section 2 ). I then show that the agreement morphology on agreeing adpositions is a result of agreement rather than concord ( section 3 ). In sections 4 – 5 , I explore the consequences of adposition agreement in Avar for upward and downward valuation, concluding that upward valuation is better equipped to account for the observed patterns. In section 6 , I summarize the results of the discussion.

Inverse agreement in Hungarian

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
András Bárány
Keyword(s):  
First Person ◽  
Personal Pronouns ◽  
Second Person ◽  
Morphological Effect ◽  
Object A ◽  
Feature Sets ◽  
Explicit Analysis ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Agreement Morphology ◽  
Object Agreement

This chapter turns to object agreement with personal pronouns in Hungarian. Pronouns are interesting because they do not always trigger agreement with the verb: first person objects never trigger object agreement (morphology), and second person pronouns only do with first person singular subjects. It is proposed that the distribution of object agreement is a morphological effect and argues that all personal pronouns do in fact trigger agreement, but agreement is not always spelled out. This means that Hungarian has an inverse agreement system, where the spell-out of agreement is determined by the relative person feature (or person feature sets) of the subject and the object. A formally explicit analysis of the syntax and the morphological spell-out of agreement is provided.

Maximization of the Signal Impulsiveness Combining Envelope Technique with Minimum Entropy Deconvolution

2013 ◽  
Vol 392 ◽  
pp. 725-729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael José Gomes de Oliveira ◽  
Mauro Hugo Mathias
Keyword(s):  
Test Bench ◽  
Minimum Entropy ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Gear Trains ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Using Data ◽  
High Frequency Resonance ◽  
Combined Technique ◽  
Experimental Test Bench

The application of the HFRT (High-Frequency Resonance Technique), a demodulation based technique, is a technique for evaluation the condition of bearings and other components in rotating machinery. Another technique MED (Minimum Entropy Deconvolution) has been the subject of recent developments for application in condition monitoring of gear trains and roller bearings. This article demonstrates the effectiveness of the combined application of the MED technique with HFRT in order to enhance the capacity of HFRT to identify the characteristic fault frequencies of damaged bearings by increasing the signal impulsivity. All tests were done using data collected from an experimental test bench in laboratory. The Kurtosis value is used as an indicator of effectiveness of the combined technique and the results shown an increase of five times the original kurtosis value with the application of MED filter together with the HFRT.

Natural Kinds

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ali Khalidi
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Natural Kinds ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Contemporary Philosophy ◽  
Cluster Theory ◽  
Lively Debate ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Homeostatic Property Cluster ◽  
Natural Groups ◽  
Scientific Classification

Science posits entities that are neither individuals nor properties but kinds of individuals that share a number of distinct properties. Philosophers have designated them “natural kinds” and have held different views about how to distinguish them from arbitrary collections of individuals. The doctrine of “kinds” or “natural groups” was first explicitly introduced by nineteenth-century philosophers interested in taxonomy or scientific classification and continues to be the subject of lively debate in contemporary philosophy. After canvassing some of the philosophical controversies regarding natural kinds, the article presents two influential contemporary theories of natural kinds: essentialism and the homeostatic property cluster theory. The article goes on to defend naturalism, which is more in tune with the findings of modern science.

scholarly journals Conceptual effects on agreement: A corpus study of mismatch in English copular constructions

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Cecily Jill Duffield
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Information ◽  
Corpus Study ◽  
Number Agreement ◽  
Verb Agreement ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Agreement Morphology ◽  
Grammatical Number ◽  
Verb Number ◽  
Conceptual Relationship

Research on the production of subject-verb agreement has focused on the features of the subject rather than the larger construction in which subject-verb agreement is produced or how the conceptual relationship between subjects and predicates may interact in affecting subject-verb agreement patterns. This corpus study describes subject-verb number agreement mismatch in English copular constructions which take the frame of (SEMANTICALLY LIGHT) N + [REL] + COP + (SPECIFIC) PRED NOM, where the copula reflects the grammatical number of the predicate. Results suggest that speakers make use of conceptual information from the entire construction, and not just the subject, when formulating agreement morphology.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Age and Happiness Varies by Income

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimiter Toshkov
Keyword(s):  
Income Distribution ◽  
Old Age ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe link between age and happiness has been the subject of numerous studies. It is still a matter of controversy whether the relationship is U-shaped, with happiness declining after youth before bouncing back in old age, or not. While the effect of age has been examined conditional on income and other socio-demographic variables, so far, the interactions between age and income have remained insufficiently explored. Using data from the European Social Survey, this article shows that the nature of the relationship between age and happiness varies strongly with different levels of relative income. People in the lowest decile of the income distribution experience a ‘hockey stick’: a deep decline in self-reported happiness until around age 50–55 and a small bounce back in old age. The classic U-curve is found mostly in the middle-income ranks. For people at the top of the income distribution, average happiness does not vary much with age. These results demonstrate the important role of income in moderating the relationship between age and happiness.

scholarly journals Global Publications Output in Quantum Computing Research: A Scientometric Assessment during 2007-16

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Dhawan ◽  
B.M. Gupta ◽  
Sudhanshu Bhusan
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Computing ◽  
Computer Science ◽  
Citation Index ◽  
National Level ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Scopus Database ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Scientometric Assessment ◽  
Highly Cited

The paper maps quantum computing research on various publication and citation indicators, using data from Scopus database covering 10-year period 2007-16. Quantum computing research cumulated 4703 publications in 10 years, registered a slow 3.39% growth per annum, and averaged 14.30 citations per paper during the period. Top 10 countries dominate the field with 93.15% global publications share. The USA accounted for the highest 29.98% during the period. Australia tops in relative citation index (2.0).  International collaboration has been a major driver of research in the subject; 14.10% to 62.64% of national level output of top 10 countries appeared as international collaborative publications. Computer Science is one of the most popular areas of research in quantum computing research. The study identifies top 30 most productive organizations and authors, top 20 journals reporting quantum computing research, and 124 highly cited papers with 100+ citations per paper.

Case and Agreement

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Hagstrom
Keyword(s):  
Subject Position ◽  
General Overview ◽  
The Past ◽  
Default Case ◽  
Verb Forms ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Agreement Morphology

Children’s use of case and agreement morphology offers a window into the structure of their developing grammatical systems. Children acquiring English commonly produce accusative pronouns in subject position, and use verb forms lacking agreement morphology. The systematic patterns in these errors and correlations between them have been the subject of a great deal of research over the past few decades. This chapter lays out some of the results to date and the theoretical interpretations they have led to, as well as points of debate on methodology. The discussion centers around English, with other languages considered where predictions differ, and the topics include a general overview of the relation of case and agreement, optional/root infinitives, default case, and morphological access.

To the question of nephrosclerosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-322
Author(s):  
S. Zimnitsky
Keyword(s):  
Lively Debate ◽  
The Subject

As you know, the issue of nephrosclerosis is currently the subject of a lively debate

Gender and Computing at University in the UK

2009 ◽  
pp. 1583-1590
Author(s):  
Ruth Woodfield
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Computer Science ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
The Us ◽  
Underlying Causes ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Women's Role ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Educational Field

In the late 1970s, women’s progress and participation in the more traditional scientific and technical fields, such as physics and engineering, was slow, prompting many feminist commentators to conclude that these areas had developed a nearunshakeable masculine bias. Although clearly rooted in the domains of science and technology, the advent of the computer was initially seen to challenge this perspective. It was a novel kind of artefact, a machine that was the subject of its own newly created field: “computer science” (Poster, 1990, p. 147). The fact that it was not quite subsumed within either of its parent realms led commentators to argue that computer science was also somewhat ambiguously positioned in relation to their identity as masculine. As such, it was claimed that its future trajectory as equally masculine could not be assumed, and the field of computing might offer fewer obstacles and more opportunities for women than they had experienced before. Early predictions of how women’s role in relation to information technology would develop were consequently often highly optimistic in tone. Computing was hailed as “sex-blind and colour-blind” (Williams, Cited in Griffths 1988, p. 145; see also Zientara, 1987) in support of a belief that women would freely enter the educational field, and subsequently the profession, as the 1980s advanced. During this decade, however, it became increasingly difficult to deny that this optimism was misplaced. The numbers of females undertaking undergraduate courses in the computer sciences stabilised at just over a fifth of each cohort through the 1980s and 1990s, and they were less likely to take them in the more prestigious or researchbased universities (Woodfield, 2000). Tracy Camp’s landmark article “The Incredible Shrinking Pipeline” (1997), using data up to 1994, plotted the fall-off of women in computer science between one educational level and the next in the US. It noted that “a critical point” was the drop-off before bachelor-level study—critical because the loss of women was dramatic, but also because a degree in computer science is often seen as one of the best preparatory qualifications for working within a professional IT role1. The main aim of this article is to examine how the situation has developed since 1994, and within the UK context. It will also consider its potential underlying causes, and possible routes to improvement.

Model Data

2021 ◽  
pp. 95-188
Author(s):  
Kai R. Larsen ◽  
Daniel S. Becker
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Diabetes Patient ◽  
Model Data ◽  
Real World Data ◽  
Future Events ◽  
Patient’S Information ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Modeling Data ◽  
Using Data ◽  
World Environment

After preparing your dataset, the business problem should be quite familiar, along with the subject matter and the content of the dataset. This section is about modeling data, using data to train algorithms to create models that can be used to predict future events or understand past events. The section shows where data modeling fits in the overall machine learning pipeline. Traditionally, we store real-world data in one or more databases or files. This data is extracted, and features and a target (T) are created and submitted to the “Model Data” stage (the topic of this section). Following the completion of this stage, the model produced is examined (Section V) and placed into production. With the model in the production system, present data generated from the real-world environment is inputted into the system. In the example case of a diabetes patient, we enter a new patient’s information electronic health record into the system, and a database lookup retrieves additional data for feature creation.

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