scholarly journals Raising to Ergative: Remarks on Applicatives of Unaccusatives

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 388-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Rose Deal
Keyword(s):  
Nez Perce ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
Internal Argument ◽  
Remnant Movement ◽  
Inherent Case ◽  
Crucial Test

Applicatives of unaccusatives provide a crucial test case for the inherent-case view of ergativity. If ergative is assigned only to external arguments, in their θ-positions, there can be no “raising to ergative” in applicative unaccusatives; an internal argument subject can never receive ergative case. In this article, I present evidence from Nez Perce (Sahaptian) that this prediction is false. In Nez Perce applicative unaccusatives, the theme argument raises over the applicative argument and is accordingly marked with ergative case. Nez Perce thus demonstrates raising to ergative. Departing from Baker’s (2014) conclusions for similar phenomena in Shipibo (Panoan), I argue that apparently nonlocal movement of the theme in the raising-to-ergative pattern involves not a covert adpositional structure, but rather a response to independently motivated constraints on antilocal movement and remnant movement.

An addition to Krebs' restatement of the Chitty Hypothesis from an entomological perspective

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 833-837
Author(s):  
J. A. Garland
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Schistocerca Gregaria ◽  
Locusta Migratoria ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Animal Population ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
Zeiraphera Diniana ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Larch Bud Moth

The insect examples which Krebs used to illustrate the Chitty Hypothesis of self-regulation in animal population dynamics are updated. For the larch bud moth, Zeiraphera diniana, regulation still is best explained by environmental factors. With the several species of plague locusts, including Locusta migratoria, L. pardalina, and Schistocerca gregaria, locustol and two potential pheromones combine to produce an apparent perpetual state of gregarisation. On present evidence, self-regulation by means of microevolution does not appear to be involved in the action of locust chemical releasing stimuli; so that, for the moment, neither entomological test case can be said to support the Chitty Hypothesis.

scholarly journals Using the UM dynamical cores to reproduce idealised 3-D flows

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 3681-3741 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. J. Mayne ◽  
I. Baraffe ◽  
D. M. Acreman ◽  
C. Smith ◽  
N. Wood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Circulation Model ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Global Circulation Model ◽  
Dynamical Equations ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
Global Circulation ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Tidally Locked Earth

Abstract. We demonstrate that both the current (New Dynamics), and next generation (ENDGame) dynamical cores of the UK Met Office global circulation model, the UM, reproduce consistently, the long-term, large-scale flows found in several published idealised tests. The cases presented are the Held–Suarez test, a simplified model of Earth (including a stratosphere), and a model of a hypothetical Tidally Locked Earth (TLE). Furthermore, we show that using simplifications to the dynamical equations, which are expected to be justified for the physical domains and flow regimes we have studied, and which are supported by the ENDGame dynamical core, also produces matching long-term, large-scale flows. Finally, we present evidence for differences in the detail of the planetary (meridional) flows and circulations resulting from improvements in the ENDGame formulation over New Dynamics. Specifically, we find greater symmetry in the meridional circulations of the Tidally Locked Earth test case using the ENDGame formulation, which is a better match to our physical expectations of the flow for such a slowly rotating Earth-like system.

Taxonomy and structure of Hungarian personality traits

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zsófia Szirmák ◽  
Boele De Raad
Keyword(s):  
Big Five ◽  
Test Case ◽  
European Language ◽  
Factor Solution ◽  
Great Opportunity ◽  
European Languages ◽  
Five Factors ◽  
Lexical Approach ◽  
Crucial Test ◽  
Selection Of

This study reports on the application of the principles of the lexical approach to a non‐Indo‐European language, namely Hungarian. This language is a Uralic island surrounded on all sides by Indo‐European languages. In addition, the Hungarians are, in terms of cultural features, Europeans. These conditions provide a great opportunity for a crucial test case of the lexical approach to personality. Study 1 reports on the different phases of the selection of the trait terms from the Hungarian lexicon, a categorization into kinds of personality‐relevant terms, a comparison of the category findings with those of other languages, and on indices of relevance of the personality terms. Of the total number of 8738 personality‐relevant terms, 3914 adjectives were used for Study 2. In that study, personality descriptiveness ratings were obtained from a group of judges (N = 5). On the basis of these ratings, a manageable set of 624 adjectives was selected for a rating task. Four hundred subjects provided self‐ratings on the 624 adjectives. On the basis of the means and standard deviations of the ratings, the set of 624 was further reduced to 561 adjectives. On ipsatized data, principal components analyses were performed. Both a four‐factor solution and a five‐factor solution, which were Varimax‐rotated, are presented. The correspondence of these factors to the traditional Big Five factors is discussed.

scholarly journals Beckett, Minimalism, and the Question of Postmodernism

2020 ◽  
pp. 16-32
Author(s):  
Duncan McColl Chesney
Keyword(s):  
James Joyce ◽  
Marcel Proust ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Republic Of Ireland ◽  
Simple Question ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Right ◽  
Crucial Test

This article addresses a simple question: Is Beckett a postmodernist writer? Of course, the question is not so simple at all, for it begs a number of other tricky questions that get only more complicated as we address them: How am I defining modernism and postmodernism? What does the post in postmodernism signify? And in any case, Beckett's work does not suffer from not fitting easily into either of these categories or periodizations, so who really cares? Yet all the same, it seems that if postmodernism has any analytical value as a category, a style, or a "cultural dominant" applied to literature (in Fredric Jameson's appropriation of Raymond Williams's term), then Beckett is a crucial test case: He follows perhaps the most exemplary of prose modernists, James Joyce, and produces a body of work which is very much unlike that of his famous predecessor and compatriot/co-exile, as well as that of the subject of his youthful scholarly interest (another quintessential prose modernist), Marcel Proust. Beckett clearly, and not just temporally, comes after these modernists and their moment. His defining war is the Second, not the First. His childhood was not that of the fin-de-si?cle; his abandoned homeland was the Republic of Ireland; his exile was so famously marked by the change of language in order to achieve what he called "the right weakening effect" [2] in a clear attempt to escape the style of Joyce in the language of Proust, and thus attain a style all his own. If post simply means after, then Beckett is perhaps the first great postmodernist. But we all know it is not so simple.

Point and shoot: Police media labor and technologies of surveillance in End of Watch

2021 ◽  
pp. 174165902110207
Author(s):  
James Alexander McVey
Keyword(s):  
Police Officers ◽  
Media Representations ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Rhetorical Invention ◽  
Cultural Impact ◽  
Found Footage ◽  
The Face ◽  
Media Work ◽  
Police Visibility ◽  
Crucial Test

This article analyzes the 2012 found-footage buddy-cop film End of Watch. The author analyzes the film’s production, plot, para-textual materials, audience reviews, and audience-generated media to examine the film’s rhetorical strategies and cultural impact. The author shows how police media work inspired the film’s creation, influenced the film’s production, and shaped the film’s messages. End of Watch is a crucial test case for understanding how police collaborate with the entertainment industry to respond to public crises of police visuality. Police media labor shaped the creation, production, and performances of the film, helping create a media product branded simultaneously as a realistic look at police life and a positive correction to negative media representations of police officers. End of Watch breathes cinematic life into commonplace hegemonic tropes of police backlash rhetoric. This article argues that End of Watch uses surveillant narration to humanize police and dehumanize the subjects of police violence. It also demonstrates how End of Watch served as a source of rhetorical invention for pro-police publics who drew on images and tropes from the film to defend police in the face of the crises of police visibility that emerged in the years following the film’s release.

A Quick Visual Mind Can be a Slow Auditory Mind

2009 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sander Martens ◽  
Addie Johnson ◽  
Martje Bolle ◽  
Jelmer Borst
Keyword(s):  
Attentional Blink ◽  
Task Difficulty ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Visual Modality ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
Conscious Level ◽  
Visual Targets ◽  
Concurrent Information

The human mind is severely limited in processing concurrent information at a conscious level of awareness. These temporal restrictions are clearly reflected in the attentional blink (AB), a deficit in reporting the second of two targets when it occurs 200–500 ms after the first. However, we recently reported that some individuals do not show a visual AB, and presented psychophysiological evidence that target processing differs between “blinkers” and “nonblinkers”. Here, we present evidence that visual nonblinkers do show an auditory AB, which suggests that a major source of attentional restriction as reflected in the AB is likely to be modality-specific. In Experiment 3, we show that when the difficulty in identifying visual targets is increased, nonblinkers continue to show little or no visual AB, suggesting that the presence of an AB in the auditory but not in the visual modality is not due to a difference in task difficulty.

Anticipated ambiguity prolongs the present: Evidence of a return trip effect.

2016 ◽  
Vol 145 (11) ◽  
pp. 1415-1419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam J. Maglio ◽  
Cherrie Y. N. Kwok
Keyword(s):  
Trip Effect ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
Return Trip
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