Unaccentedness in Japanese

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 471-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junko Ito ◽  
Armin Mester
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Optimality Theory ◽  
Pitch Accent ◽  
Japanese Word ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
The Way

A characteristic, though not necessary, property of so-called pitch accent languages is the existence of unaccented words. Work on unaccentedness in Japanese has found a concentration of such words in very specific areas of the lexicon, defined in prosodic terms. While unaccentedness might be some kind of default, the prosodic rationale for the way it is distributed over the lexicon is far from clear. This article investigates the underlying structural reasons for the distribution and develops a formal Optimality Theory account, which involves two well-known constraints: RIGHTMOST and NONFINALITY. The tension between the two, usually resolved by ranking (NONFINALITY ≫ RIGHTMOST ), finds another surprising resolution in unaccentedness: no accent, no conflict. Besides providing a more detailed analysis of Japanese word accent, which takes into consideration other mitigating phonological and morphological factors, the article aims to gain an understanding of the similarities and differences between pitch accent and stress accent languages.

The ethnic-cultural space of modern Karachay-Balkar poetry

2019 ◽  
pp. 247-259
Author(s):  
R. A. Kerimova
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Cultural Perceptions ◽  
Cultural Space ◽  
Self Identity ◽  
Cultural Globalization ◽  
Younger Generation ◽  
Fundamental Values ◽  
The Way

The article is devoted to the problems of ethnic-cultural perceptions in contemporary Karachay-Balkar poetry. It defines criteria for shaping an ethnic and civic self-identity. The paper discusses how cultural globalization affects the ideology of the Karachay-Balkar people. In a detailed analysis of works by N. Bayramkulov and A. Bakkuev, two poets of a younger generation, the author argues that fundamental values and stereotypes take priority in the poetic mentality of younger artists. Closely examining the themes of the poets’ works – philosophy, religion, history, society and politics – the author specially describes the way each poet deals with the nation’s artistic memory. Another focus is on the analysis of poetics. It is suggested that the young poets’ creative method is found at convergence of realism and mythopoeia. Their poetry centers around the mythical images of stone, water, mountains, and ‘taulu’ (‘a man of the mountains’).

Through the Lens of Gadamer’s Hermeneutics: In comparison between Amina Wadud’s and Mohammed Talbi’s Interpretations of Q. 4:34

SUHUF ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-214
Author(s):  
Afifur Rochman Sya'rani
Keyword(s):  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Married Couple ◽  
Contextual Approach ◽  
The Status ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Muslim Scholars ◽  
The Way

Most of traditional Muslim exegetes interpret Q. 4:34 in terms of maintaining the superiority of men over women. Some progressive Muslim scholars then insist a contextual approach to the verse to criticize gender inequality. Among some progressive Muslim scholars, this article comparatively examines the interpretations of Amina Wadud and Mohammed Talbi of Q. 4:34. Although both of them propose a contextual reading of the verse, they have different intellectual background, approach and method in interpreting the Qur’ān. The questions are to what extent the similarities and differences of both Wadud’s and Talbi’s interpretation of Q. 4:34 and how far their interpretations reflect their respective intention and perspective? Applying Gadamer’s hermeneutical approach, the article concludes that [1] Both Wadud and Talbi argue that the verse does not establish the superiority of men over women, but acknowledges duties division among married couple; [2] the difference among their interpretations is on the status of relationship among married couple; [3] Wadud’s and Talbi’s interpretations represent their respective hermeneutical situations and the way they define ontologically the nature of  interpretation and Qur’anic hermeneutics affect on producing the meanings of the verse.

scholarly journals Die fenomenologie van T.T. Cloete

Literator ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 43-60
Author(s):  
H. Viljoen
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
The Way

The phenomenology of T.T. CloeteThis article is an exploration of the way phenomena are treated in the poetry of T.T. Cloete. Four important aspects of Cloete's way of looking are discussed, viz. the collecting eye that connects everything with everything, the eye that discovers correspondences, the deological eye that reads signs of God’s presence, and the reflecting eye. A critique of reflection is developed by means of a more detailed analysis of “Blydskap” (Joy). These four ways of seeing indicate links between Cloete's poetry and Husserl’s Phenomenology.

scholarly journals Fuel Station Valuation under Polish and RICS Standards

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 20-32
Author(s):  
Mirosława Czaplińska ◽  
Małgorzata Rymarzak ◽  
Dariusz Trojanowski
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Market Structure ◽  
Comparison Analysis ◽  
Specific Approach ◽  
Valuation Methods ◽  
Property Valuation ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Income Approach ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
The Way

Abstract In the last few years, there has been a visible change in the structure of the fuel station market in both Poland and the United Kingdom. The changes taking place both in the fuel station market structure and the management forms of fuel stations, along with the increasing significance of convenience goods sales, result in the necessity of verifying the existing Polish valuation standards of the income approach. Moreover, there is an urgent need to develop specific fuel station valuation guidelines. Fuel station valuation requires both the specific approach and profits method adjustment to be able to account for the specificity of the valuation. The universal character of property valuation in Poland cannot result in ignoring the specificity of fuel station valuation and the market where it operates. Property valuers undertaking valuations of this type of facilities must be familiar with the rules operating on the fuel station market. This paper focuses on the comparison analysis of the fuel station market structure in Poland and the United Kingdom along with the specificity of the way fuel stations operate. Its emphasis is on the comparison analysis of fuel station valuation methods under Polish and RICS standards in order to show their similarities and differences. The aim of the paper is to present the methods of fuel station valuation in Poland and the United Kingdom, though mainly to show the areas of changes in the Polish valuation standards with regards to the profits method under the income approach that would take into account the specificity of fuel stations and their market.

scholarly journals LA IMPORTANCIA DEL CUERPO EN LA NOCIÓN DE PERSONA ENTRE MAYAS ACTUALES DE OXCHUC, CHAMULA Y CHENALHÓ, CHIAPAS

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (18) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Jaime Tomás Page Pliego
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Common Foundation ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
The Way

Suele asumirse que la noción de persona es igual entre los pueblos de tsotsiles y tesltales de los Altos de Chiapas. Sin embargo, su configuración varía sustancialmente, sin perder la base que los une. Este trabajo trata sobre las diferencias y similitudes que se presentan en el concepto denominado complejo persona en tres municipios: Oxchuc —de habla tseltal—, Chamula y Chenalhó —de habla tsotsil—, y en forma destacada sobre la importancia del cuerpo en dicho concepto. Asimismo, se abordan las variaciones que se han suscitado en torno a esa noción a partir de 1940, bajo la incidencia de la escalada proselitista cristiana. THE IMPORTANCE OF THE BODY WITHIN THE COMPLEX OF THE NOTION OF PERSONHOOD AMONG CONTEMPORARY MAYANS FROM OXCHUC, CHAMULA AND CHENALHÓ IN CHIAPAS STATE There is a tendency to assume that the Tsotsil and Tseltal communities in the Chiapas Highlands (Altos de Chiapas) share the same notion of personhood. However, the way this notion is constructed does vary substantially without losing a common foundation. This piece of research deals with the similarities and differences present in the concept of personhood complex in three different municipalities: Oxchuc —a tseltal-speaking community—, Chamula and Chenalhó —tsotsil-speaking communities—, and emphasizes the importance of the body in this concept. It also addresses the permutations that have emerged around this notion since 1940, under the escalating influence of Christian proselytism.

Translating a worldview in the longue durée: The Tale of “The Bear’s Son”

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roslyn M Frank
Keyword(s):  
Longue Duree ◽  
Longue Durée ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Interpretative Framework ◽  
The Way

<p>Translation is usually understood as the practice of rendering a text written in one language into another, a process that also requires taking into consideration the cultural similarities and differences entrenched in each language. In this chapter a set of European folktales, referred to collectively as the tale of “The Bear’s Son,” are analysed, focusing on the way that the interpretative framework utilised by storytellers and their audiences has changed over time. The chapter enters a terrain that has been little explored, engaging with and addressing not only the question of the role played by folktales in projecting cultural mindsets, but also their role in constructing, maintaining, and ultimately deconstructing a worldview that appears to have been grounded initially in the belief that humans descended from bears.</p>

Moving beyond the Basics

2016 ◽  
pp. 24-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Dickenson ◽  
Martin T. Hall ◽  
Jennifer Courduff
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Participatory Media ◽  
Cultural Contexts ◽  
Participatory Processes ◽  
The Web ◽  
The Way ◽  
Professional Interactions

The evolution of the web has transformed the way persons communicate and interact with each other, and has reformed institutional operations in various sectors. Examining these changes through the theoretical framework Connectivism, provides a detailed analysis of how the web impacts individuals' context within communities as well as the larger society. This chapter examines the evolution of the web and the characteristics of various iterations of the web. A discussion on the emergence of participatory media and other participatory processes provides insight as to how the web influences personal and professional interactions. Research on how the web has changed cultural contexts as well as systems such as education, governments and businesses is shared and analyzed to identify gaps and provide direction for future research.

Symbols Without Context

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary Smith
Keyword(s):  
Data Base ◽  
Machine Translation ◽  
Real World ◽  
Language Translation ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Meaningful Difference ◽  
World Knowledge ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Words And Images ◽  
The Way

Humans have invaluable real-world knowledge because we have accumulated a lifetime of experiences that help us recognize, understand, and anticipate. Computers do not have real-world experiences to guide them, so they must rely on statistical patterns in their digital data base—which may be helpful, but is certainly fallible. We use emotions as well as logic to construct concepts that help us understand what we see and hear. When we see a dog, we may visualize other dogs, think about the similarities and differences between dogs and cats, or expect the dog to chase after a cat we see nearby. We may remember a childhood pet or recall past encounters with dogs. Remembering that dogs are friendly and loyal, we might smile and want to pet the dog or throw a stick for the dog to fetch. Remembering once being scared by an aggressive dog, we might pull back to a safe distance. A computer does none of this. For a computer, there is no meaningful difference between dog, tiger, and XyB3c, other than the fact that they use different symbols. A computer can count the number of times the word dog is used in a story and retrieve facts about dogs (such as how many legs they have), but computers do not understand words the way humans do, and will not respond to the word dog the way humans do. The lack of real world knowledge is often revealed in software that attempts to interpret words and images. Language translation software programs are designed to convert sentences written or spoken in one language into equivalent sentences in another language. In the 1950s, a Georgetown–IBM team demonstrated the machine translation of 60 sentences from Russian to English using a 250-word vocabulary and six grammatical rules. The lead scientist predicted that, with a larger vocabulary and more rules, translation programs would be perfected in three to five years. Little did he know! He had far too much faith in computers. It has now been more than 60 years and, while translation software is impressive, it is far from perfect. The stumbling blocks are instructive. Humans translate passages by thinking about the content—what the author means—and then expressing that content in another language.

Metus Parthicus

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kit Morrell
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Electoral Competition ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Way

This chapter presents a detailed analysis of the lex Pompeia de provinciis of 52. The law should be seen as the product of collaboration between Pompey and Cato in the first half of 52. Cato had been instrumental in creating Pompey’s sole consulship and his role in Milo’s trial shows that their cooperation continued; moreover, Pompey’s law gave effect to a senatus consultum passed the previous year probably with Cato’s backing. Although Cassius Dio presents the law as an attempt to control electoral competition, the lex Pompeia was also a far-sighted provincial reform which transformed the way in which provincial commands were created and conceptualized. Besides requiring an interval between magistracy and promagistracy, the law gave the senate much greater control over provincial appointments and thus provided the framework for a policy of provincial governance closely associated with Cato.

Pursuing ‘the Pressure of the Past’: British Prehistoric Research, 1980–2010

2012 ◽  
Vol 78 ◽  
pp. 315-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anwen Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Research Practices ◽  
The Past ◽  
Planning Policy ◽  
Guidance Note ◽  
Policy Guidance ◽  
Investigative Process ◽  
The Way

This article presents a detailed analysis of developments in British prehistoric research practices from 1980–2010, traversing the period during which Planning Policy Guidance Note 16 (PPG16) was introduced and changed substantially the way that archaeology was carried out. Using evidence from Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society (PPS) itself together with key fieldwork records collated over the duration of this period, a consideration is made of changes in the character of prehistoric investigations, in the evidence base available to researchers, and in the methodologies drawn upon and interpretations put forward in significant outputs of British prehistoric research. Several major shifts in research practices are highlighted. The findings augment considerably broad claims which have been made about the changing character of British prehistoric research practices and reveal some perhaps surprising traits of the investigative process. PPS's own role within this broader research milieu is also assessed.

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