In the Circle of Sense and Nonsense: Through a Mathematical Model of Meaning

Leonardo ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Mark Burgin ◽  
William Seaman

Abstract The terms sense and nonsense indicate important phenomena in social environment. In this paper, we explore the relations and interactions between sense and nonsense with the following three-fold goal: 1. Elaborations of the formal definitions of these concepts. 2. Investigation of the processes of making sense from nonsense. 3. Establishment of the mathematical foundations for a sense-nonsense theory. On this way, we extend the dyad sense-nonsense by introducing the concept no-sense situated between sense and nonsense and by extending the concept sense to the concept poly-sense. In addition, we construct a mathematical model of these concepts and related processes using logical structures such as logical calculus, logical variety and logical prevariety. This approach correlates with the opinion of Leonardo da Vinci who wrote “No human investigation can claim to be scientific if it doesn't pass the test of mathematical proof.”

Author(s):  
J. A. Nowell ◽  
J. Pangborn ◽  
W. S. Tyler

Leonardo da Vinci in the 16th century, used injection replica techniques to study internal surfaces of the cerebral ventricles. Developments in replicating media have made it possible for modern morphologists to examine injection replicas of lung and kidney with the scanning electron microscope (SEM). Deeply concave surfaces and interrelationships to tubular structures are difficult to examine with the SEM. Injection replicas convert concavities to convexities and tubes to rods, overcoming these difficulties.Batson's plastic was injected into the renal artery of a horse kidney. Latex was injected into the pulmonary artery and cementex in the trachea of a cat. Following polymerization the tissues were removed by digestion in concentrated HCl. Slices of dog kidney were aldehyde fixed by immersion. Rat lung was aldehyde fixed by perfusion via the trachea at 30 cm H2O. Pieces of tissue 10 x 10 x 2 mm were critical point dried using CO2. Selected areas of replicas and tissues were coated with silver and gold and examined with the SEM.


1910 ◽  
Vol 69 (1782supp) ◽  
pp. 138-140
Author(s):  
Edward P. Buffet
Keyword(s):  
Da Vinci ◽  

2019 ◽  
Vol 137 (11) ◽  
pp. 1332
Author(s):  
Christopher W. Tyler
Keyword(s):  
Da Vinci ◽  

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