Surrounded: A Series of Sound Installations That Combine Plant Electrophysiology and 3D Sonic Art

Leonardo ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 517-523
Author(s):  
Augustine Leudar
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Composition ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Sonic Art ◽  
3D Audio ◽  
Forest Flora ◽  
Acoustic Signaling ◽  
Mycorrhizal Network ◽  
Electrophysiological Signals ◽  
Technical Details ◽  
Plant Electrophysiology

This paper discusses a series of sound installations that combine plant electrophysiology with 3D sonic art. A brief introduction to plant electrophysiology is given. The sonification of electrophysiological signals in the mycorrhizal network is discussed, explaining how art and science are combined in this project in a way that differs from the simple sonification of data. Novel 3D audio spatialization techniques, the 3D audio mapping of natural environments and immersion are also discussed, along with technical details of how to read the electrical signals in plants known as action potentials. Other topics addressed include acoustic signaling in the forest, spectral composition and interaction with forest flora and fauna.

scholarly journals The Transmission of Bush-Cricket Calls in Natural Environments

1991 ◽  
Vol 155 (1) ◽  
pp. 227-244
Author(s):  
R. O. STEPHEN ◽  
J. C. HARTLEY
Keyword(s):  
Sound Source ◽  
Pure Tone ◽  
Information Sources ◽  
Spectral Composition ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Frequency Components ◽  
Bush Crickets ◽  
Bush Cricket ◽  
Made In

This study discusses the structure of the calls of bush crickets Steropleurus nobrei and examines the way the structure of records of a bush-cricket call, comprising pure tone bursts and bursts of white noise, changes as these sounds propagate through different environments. Measurements of the coherence and spectral composition at different distances from the sound source are made in open and thickly vegetated environments. The results show that coherent frequency components in reproductions of the records of the natural call propagate over greater distances than do other components. The results are discussed in relation to the possible sources of information contained in insect calls and how the environment degrades these information sources as the call propagates away from the source. The consequences of the structure of the calls on the properties of the auditory organs of bush crickets is also discussed.

scholarly journals Identifying General Stress in Commercial Tomatoes Based on Machine Learning Applied to Plant Electrophysiology

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 5640
Author(s):  
Elena Najdenovska ◽  
Fabien Dutoit ◽  
Daniel Tran ◽  
Antoine Rochat ◽  
Basile Vu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Computation Time ◽  
Plant Health ◽  
Nutrient Deficiencies ◽  
General Stress ◽  
Abiotic Stressors ◽  
Crucial Component ◽  
Electrophysiological Signals ◽  
Plant Electrophysiology

Automated monitoring of plant health is becoming a crucial component for optimizing agricultural production. Recently, several studies have shown that plant electrophysiology could be used as a tool to determine plant status related to applied stressors. However, to the best of our knowledge, there have been no studies relating electrical plant response to general stress responses as a proxy for plant health. This study models general stress of plants exposed to either biotic or abiotic stressors, namely drought, nutrient deficiencies or infestation with spider mites, using electrophysiological signals acquired from 36 plants. Moreover, in the signal processing procedure, the proposed workflow reuses information from the previous steps, therefore considerably reducing computation time regarding recent related approaches in the literature. Careful choice of the principal parameters leads to a classification of the general stress in plants with more than 80% accuracy. The main descriptive statistics measured together with the Hjorth complexity provide the most discriminative information for such classification. The presented findings open new paths to explore for improved monitoring of plant health.

Effect of Iron Limitation on the Ultrastructure of Agmenellum Quadruplicatum

1981 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 410-411
Author(s):  
L. P. Hardie ◽  
D. L. Balkwill ◽  
S. E. Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Growth Medium ◽  
Green Alga ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Iron Limitation ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Blue Green Alga ◽  
Marine Cyanobacterium ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
Thin Sectioning ◽  
Agmenellum Quadruplicatum

Agmenellum quadruplicatum is a unicellular, non-nitrogen-fixing, marine cyanobacterium (blue-green alga). The ultrastructure of this organism, when grown in the laboratory with all necessary nutrients, has been characterized thoroughly. In contrast, little is known of its ultrastructure in the specific nutrient-limiting conditions typical of its natural habitat. Iron is one of the nutrients likely to limit this organism in such natural environments. It is also of great importance metabolically, being required for both photosynthesis and assimilation of nitrate. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects (if any) of iron limitation on the ultrastructure of A. quadruplicatum. It was part of a broader endeavor to elucidate the ultrastructure of cyanobacteria in natural systemsActively growing cells were placed in a growth medium containing 1% of its usual iron. The cultures were then sampled periodically for 10 days and prepared for thin sectioning TEM to assess the effects of iron limitation.

Amplitude Distributions of Cochlear Microphonic Response to an Acoustic Sinusoid in Noise

1968 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-76
Author(s):  
Donald C. Teas ◽  
Gretchen B. Henry
Keyword(s):  
Small Amplitude ◽  
Basilar Membrane ◽  
Spectral Composition ◽  
Pass Band ◽  
Cochlear Microphonic ◽  
Filter Output ◽  
Electronic Filter ◽  
Low Pass ◽  
Band Pass ◽  
Instantaneous Voltage

The distributions of instantaneous voltage amplitudes in the cochlear microphonic response recorded from a small segment along the basilar membrane are described by computing amplitude histograms. Comparisons are made between the distributions for noise and for those after the addition to the noise of successively stronger sinusoids. The amplitudes of the cochlear microphonic response to 5000 Hz low-pass noise are normally distributed in both Turn I and Turn III of the guinea pig’s cochlea. The spectral composition of the microphonic from Turn I and from Turn III resembles the output of band-pass filters set at about 4000 Hz, and about 500 Hz, respectively. The normal distribution of cochlear microphonic amplitudes for noise is systematically altered by increasing the strength of the added sinusoid. A decrease of three percent in the number of small amplitude events (±1 standard deviation) in the cochlear microphonic from Turn III is seen when the rms voltage of a 500 Hz sinusoid is at −18 dB re the rms voltage of the noise (at the earphone). When the rms of the sinusoid and noise are equal, the decrease in small voltages is about 25%, but there is also an increase in the number of large voltage amplitudes. Histograms were also computed for the output of an electronic filter with a pass-band similar to Turn III of the cochlea. Strong 500 Hz sinusoids showed a greater proportion of large amplitudes in the filter output than in CM III . The data are interpreted in terms of an anatomical substrate.

Using Personal Cell Phones for Ecological Momentary Assessment

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Kuntsche ◽  
Florian Labhart
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Ecological Momentary Assessment ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Cell Phones ◽  
Personal Digital Assistants ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Mobility Patterns ◽  
Standard Data ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
Momentary Assessment

Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) is a way of collecting data in people’s natural environments in real time and has become very popular in social and health sciences. The emergence of personal digital assistants has led to more complex and sophisticated EMA protocols but has also highlighted some important drawbacks. Modern cell phones combine the functionalities of advanced communication systems with those of a handheld computer and offer various additional features to capture and record sound, pictures, locations, and movements. Moreover, most people own a cell phone, are familiar with the different functions, and always carry it with them. This paper describes ways in which cell phones have been used for data collection purposes in the field of social sciences. This includes automated data capture techniques, for example, geolocation for the study of mobility patterns and the use of external sensors for remote health-monitoring research. The paper also describes cell phones as efficient and user-friendly tools for prompt manual data collection, that is, by asking participants to produce or to provide data. This can either be done by means of dedicated applications or by simply using the web browser. We conclude that cell phones offer a variety of advantages and have a great deal of potential for innovative research designs, suggesting they will be among the standard data collection devices for EMA in the coming years.

Surgical Technique: Papillary Muscle Sling for Functional Mitral Regurgitation during Minimally Invasive Valve Surgery

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. E295-E297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Lamelas ◽  
Christos Mihos ◽  
Orlando Santana
Keyword(s):  
Mitral Regurgitation ◽  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Median Sternotomy ◽  
Rational Approach ◽  
Functional Mitral Regurgitation ◽  
Minimally Invasive Approach ◽  
Invasive Approach ◽  
Mitral Annuloplasty ◽  
Technical Details ◽  
Mitral Apparatus

In patients with functional mitral regurgitation, the placement of a sling encircling both papillary muscles in conjunction with mitral annuloplasty appears to be a rational approach for surgical correction, because it addresses both the mitral valve and the deformities of the subvalvular mitral apparatus. Reports in the literature that describe the utilization of this technique are few, and mainly involve a median sternotomy approach. The purpose of this communication is to describe the technical details of performing this procedure via a minimally invasive approach.

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