scholarly journals How to Make Living Viral Tattoos

Leonardo ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-165
Author(s):  
Tagny Duff ◽  
Jill Muhling ◽  
Maria Grade Godinho ◽  
Stuart Hodgetts
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Human Skin ◽  
Source Model ◽  
Technical Paper ◽  
Cell And Tissue Culture ◽  
Pig Skin ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Made In

Living Viral Tattoos (2008) is a research-creation project featuring the development of sculptures made in vitro. The creation of tattoos in the form of blue ‘bruises’ on pig skin and donated human skin was made using retroviruses, cell and tissue culture and immunohistochemical stains. This technical paper presents the protocols created and materials used in the project with the intention of contributing to an open source model for the development of wetware and biological art processes.

scholarly journals Rejuvenation of chicory and lettuce plants following phase change in tissue culture

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony J. Conner ◽  
Helen Searle ◽  
Jeanne M. E. Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Shoot Regeneration ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
Adventitious Shoot ◽  
In Vitro Flowering ◽  
Phase Changes ◽  
Adventitious Shoot Regeneration ◽  
Cell And Tissue Culture

Abstract Background A frequent problem associated with the tissue culture of Compositae species such as chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is the premature bolting to in vitro flowering of regenerated plants. Plants exhibiting such phase changes have poor survival and poor seed set upon transfer from tissue culture to greenhouse conditions. This can result in the loss of valuable plant lines following applications of cell and tissue culture for genetic manipulation. Results This study demonstrates that chicory and lettuce plants exhibiting stable in vitro flowering can be rejuvenated by a further cycle of adventitious shoot regeneration from cauline leaves. The resulting rejuvenated plants exhibit substantially improved performance following transfer to greenhouse conditions, with increased frequency of plant survival, a doubling of the frequency of plants that flowered, and substantially increased seed production. Conclusion As soon as in vitro flowering is observed in unique highly-valued chicory and lettuce lines, a further cycle of adventitious shoot regeneration from cauline leaves should be implemented to induce rejuvenation. This re-establishes a juvenile phase accompanied by in vitro rosette formation, resulting in substantially improved survival, flowering and seed set in a greenhouse, thereby ensuring the recovery of future generations from lines genetically manipulated in cell and tissue culture.

Small-scale cultivation of cells and tissues from gobiid teleosts

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 933-938
Author(s):  
C. J. Webb
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Coastal Ecosystems ◽  
Estuarine Fish ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Freshwater Teleost ◽  
Fish Tissues ◽  
Cell And Tissue Culture

Although freshwater teleost cell and tissue culture is an established field, the in vitro maintenance and growth of marine or estuarine fish tissues and cells is less well reported (Wolf & Quimby, 1969). Small demersal gobiid teleosts of the genus Pomatoschistus Gill, 1864 are widely distributed and very abundant around the coast of Britain and play an extremely important role in estuarine and coastal ecosystems (Hartley, 1940; Miller, 1963, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Liverpool; Green, 1968). Excluding the in vitro maintenance of whole organs (e.g. Bonnin, 1971a, b and Doneen & Bern, 1974) the culture of cells or tissues from gobiids has not been reported.

scholarly journals Screening the Medicines for Malaria Venture Pathogen Box across Multiple Pathogens Reclassifies Starting Points for Open-Source Drug Discovery

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Duffy ◽  
Melissa L. Sykes ◽  
Amy J. Jones ◽  
Todd B. Shelper ◽  
Moana Simpson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Open Access ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Target Identification ◽  
Source Model ◽  
Biological Evaluation ◽  
Neglected Diseases ◽  
Extensive Literature

ABSTRACT Open-access drug discovery provides a substantial resource for diseases primarily affecting the poor and disadvantaged. The open-access Pathogen Box collection is comprised of compounds with demonstrated biological activity against specific pathogenic organisms. The supply of this resource by the Medicines for Malaria Venture has the potential to provide new chemical starting points for a number of tropical and neglected diseases, through repurposing of these compounds for use in drug discovery campaigns for these additional pathogens. We tested the Pathogen Box against kinetoplastid parasites and malaria life cycle stages in vitro. Consequently, chemical starting points for malaria, human African trypanosomiasis, Chagas disease, and leishmaniasis drug discovery efforts have been identified. Inclusive of this in vitro biological evaluation, outcomes from extensive literature reviews and database searches are provided. This information encompasses commercial availability, literature reference citations, other aliases and ChEMBL number with associated biological activity, where available. The release of this new data for the Pathogen Box collection into the public domain will aid the open-source model of drug discovery. Importantly, this will provide novel chemical starting points for drug discovery and target identification in tropical disease research.

scholarly journals Restoring the natural tropism of AAV2 vectors for human liver

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (560) ◽  
pp. eaba3312
Author(s):  
Marti Cabanes-Creus ◽  
Claus V. Hallwirth ◽  
Adrian Westhaus ◽  
Boaz H. Ng ◽  
Sophia H.Y. Liao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Therapy ◽  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Human Liver ◽  
Xenograft Model ◽  
Human Hepatocytes ◽  
Targeted Gene Therapy ◽  
Tissue Culture Propagation ◽  
Made In

Recent clinical successes in gene therapy applications have intensified interest in using adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) as vectors for therapeutic gene delivery. Although prototypical AAV2 shows robust in vitro transduction of human hepatocyte–derived cell lines, it has not translated into an effective vector for liver-directed gene therapy in vivo. This is consistent with observations made in Fah−/−/Rag2−/−/Il2rg−/− (FRG) mice with humanized livers, showing that AAV2 functions poorly in this xenograft model. Here, we derived naturally hepatotropic AAV capsid sequences from primary human liver samples. We demonstrated that capsid mutations, likely acquired as an unintentional consequence of tissue culture propagation, attenuated the intrinsic human hepatic tropism of natural AAV2 and related human liver AAV isolates. These mutations resulted in amino acid changes that increased binding to heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG), which has been regarded as the primary cellular receptor mediating AAV2 infection of human hepatocytes. Propagation of natural AAV variants in vitro showed tissue culture adaptation with resulting loss of tropism for human hepatocytes. In vivo readaptation of the prototypical AAV2 in FRG mice with a humanized liver resulted in restoration of the intrinsic hepatic tropism of AAV2 through decreased binding to HSPG. Our results challenge the notion that high affinity for HSPG is essential for AAV2 entry into human hepatocytes and suggest that natural AAV capsids of human liver origin are likely to be more effective for liver-targeted gene therapy applications than culture-adapted AAV2.

Effect Of Tissue Culture Irradiation On Orientation Of Cytoskeletal Fibers In Migrating Sheets Of Endothelial Cells

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
A I Gotlieb
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Immunofluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Fiber Bundles ◽  
Front Edge ◽  
Wound Edge ◽  
System A ◽  
Reduce Cell Proliferation ◽  
Made In

Irradiation of endothelial cells (EC) in tissue culture has been used to markedly reduce cell proliferation in order to study the effects of substances on the regulation of EC migration. Since irradiated EC (IRR-EC) migrate the same distance as do non-irradiated EC (NIRR-EC) over periods of up to six days, it is assumed that EC migration is not effected by irradiation. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of irradiation on the cytoskeleton of migrating EC. The in-vitro experimental wound technique was used as a model system. A linear wound was made in confluent cultures of porcine thoracic aortic EC. EC were observed to migrate into the wound as a cohesive sheet of cells with only a few free unattached cells being present along the front edge of the wound. Cultures were irradiated one hour before wounding with 1500 rads. NIRR-EC migrated the same distance as did the IRR-EC although the latter were much flatter and each IRR-EC covered a larger surface than did the NIRR-EC. The orientation of cytoskeletal fiber bundles localized by immunofluorescence microscopy using antisera produced against electrophoretically purified porcine uterine myosin and chicken gizzard tropomyosin were different when comparing migrating IRR and NIRR-EC in the first row of the endothelial sheet. At 44 hours after wounding myosin localization showed that the main myosin stained fibers in 89% of the IRR-EC were roughly parallel to the wound edge while 11% were roughtly perpendicular to the wound edge. In NIRR-EC the figures were 54% and 46% respectively. Tropomyosin localization showed a similar diffence, 73% and 27% in IRR-EC and 45% and 55% in NIRR-EC. The data shows that there are differences in the extent of spreading of and in the orientation of cytoskeletal fiber bundles in migrating IRR-EC. These differences may reflect different cytoskeletal processes involved during migration of IRR and NIRR-EC.

scholarly journals In Vitro Tissue Culture in Brachypodium: Applications and Challenges

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 1037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Betekhtin ◽  
Karolina Hus ◽  
Magdalena Rojek-Jelonek ◽  
Ewa Kurczynska ◽  
Candida Nibau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Transformation Efficiency ◽  
Brachypodium Distachyon ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Transformation Techniques ◽  
Bioenergy Grasses ◽  
Embryogenic Potential ◽  
Gradual Loss ◽  
Made In

Brachypodium distachyon has become an excellent model for plant breeding and bioenergy grasses that permits many fundamental questions in grass biology to be addressed. One of the constraints to performing research in many grasses has been the difficulty with which they can be genetically transformed and the generally low frequency of such transformations. In this review, we discuss the contribution that transformation techniques have made in Brachypodium biology as well as how Brachypodium could be used to determine the factors that might contribute to transformation efficiency. In particular, we highlight the latest research on the mechanisms that govern the gradual loss of embryogenic potential in a tissue culture and propose using B. distachyon as a model for other recalcitrant monocots.

An in vitro Pig Skin Model for Predicting Human Skin Penetration and Irritation Potential

1996 ◽  
pp. 459-474
Author(s):  
William G. Reifenrath ◽  
Barbara W. Kemppainen ◽  
Winifred G. Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Human Skin ◽  
Skin Penetration ◽  
Skin Model ◽  
Pig Skin

IN VITRO CELL AND TISSUE CULTURE OF THE CEREUS PERUVIANUS MILL. (CACTACEAE) FOR THE CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT OF BIODIVERSITY: CURRENT STATUS

2009 ◽  
pp. 249-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Aparecida Mangolin ◽  
S. Aparecida de Oliveira Collet ◽  
A. José Braz de Oliveira ◽  
R. Aparecida Correia Gonçalves ◽  
M. de Fátima P.S. Machado
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Cell And Tissue Culture ◽  
Conservation And Management
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