scholarly journals Hybrid Evolutionary Approaches to Maximum Lifetime Routing and Energy Efficiency in Sensor Mesh Networks

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 481-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alma A. M. Rahat ◽  
Richard M. Everson ◽  
Jonathan E. Fieldsend
Keyword(s):  
Mesh Networks ◽  
Search Space ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Linear Program ◽  
Mesh Network ◽  
Average Lifetime ◽  
Maximum Lifetime ◽  
Routing Strategy ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Network Topologies

Mesh network topologies are becoming increasingly popular in battery-powered wireless sensor networks, primarily because of the extension of network range. However, multihop mesh networks suffer from higher energy costs, and the routing strategy employed directly affects the lifetime of nodes with limited energy resources. Hence when planning routes there are trade-offs to be considered between individual and system-wide battery lifetimes. We present a multiobjective routing optimisation approach using hybrid evolutionary algorithms to approximate the optimal trade-off between the minimum lifetime and the average lifetime of nodes in the network. In order to accomplish this combinatorial optimisation rapidly, our approach prunes the search space using k-shortest path pruning and a graph reduction method that finds candidate routes promoting long minimum lifetimes. When arbitrarily many routes from a node to the base station are permitted, optimal routes may be found as the solution to a well-known linear program. We present an evolutionary algorithm that finds good routes when each node is allowed only a small number of paths to the base station. On a real network deployed in the Victoria & Albert Museum, London, these solutions, using only three paths per node, are able to achieve minimum lifetimes of over 99% of the optimum linear program solution’s time to first sensor battery failure.

scholarly journals Secure Routing Algorithm in Wireless Mesh Network

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1820-1825
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Management ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Mesh Networks ◽  
Routing Algorithm ◽  
Denial Of Service ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Secure Routing ◽  
Mesh Network ◽  
Sybil Attack ◽  
Ieee 802.11S

In the today’s’ era of communication technology disaster management plays important role in life saving. Regardless of men made disasters or natural disasters proper communication network can be used to exchange information. In natural calamities wireless sensor mesh network proved to be as good option for communication. Low-altitude Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) which is associated with WLAN Mesh Networks (WMNs) can be used in disaster management areas. The advantage of it is it can be installed on demand and it can use for efficient exploration of sized areas. The WMN is consisting of different components such as mesh clients, mesh routers and base station. It is more prone to have attacks of different types such as Denial of Service attack, black hole, gray hole , reply attack, Sybil attack etc. The most important attack which can damage whole working of WMN is routing attack. IEEE 802.11i is used as standard protocol for security in WLAN and IEEE 802.11s is used as secure algorithm for communication in WLAN mesh network. But both of them fail to address issue of routing problem in WLAN mesh network. The primary purpose of this paper is to outline routing algorithm and to design assured routing protocol. In this paper we have proposed improved secure Position-Aware, Secure, and Efficient mesh Routing approach (S-PASER). The proposed mechanisms have obviated more attack than regular IEEE 802.11s/i security mechanism and well known, secure routing protocol. The proposed methodology can be implemented on omnet++ simulator. The simulation results proved to be have better performance and throughput than existing algorithm.

scholarly journals Design and implementation of resource allocation protocols in wireless networks, utilizing testbed experimentation platforms

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Απόστολος Αποστολάρας
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Mesh Networks ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Profit Sharing ◽  
User Equipment ◽  
Information Storage ◽  
Mesh Network ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Sharing Rule ◽  
Trade Offs

Particularly for the cooperative scheduling problem, a novel communication architectureis proposed which considers the exploitation of intermediate relays.Relays are employed for forwarding information to the final destination whennetworking conditions do not benefit the direct transmissions from source todestination. Our architecture improves drastically networking performance byincorporating advanced mechanisms from optimization theory. As a result, sophisticatedscheduling and resource allocation techniques for unicast and multicastscenarios are activated so that a wireless network to attain desired powerperformance vs. networking delay trade-offs. A primitive design of our architectureis the ability offered to operators to fine-tune and balance the networkoperation through a control knob that achieves power savings with an inducedcost in the networking delay. The above design feature is enabled by effectivelyexploiting information storage capabilities and power efficient scheduling. Finally,testbed experimentation conducted in NITOS testbed has revealed a significantreduction in the transmission power with the use of our cooperativearchitecture. Moreover, we identify ways to incorporate the same architectureprinciples in LTE-A cellular networks. To this end, we assume wireless meshnetworking by evolving the user equipment to act as a relay in a 3GPP LTE-Asystem. Thus, interconnecting two eNBs with mobile user equipment. Wirelessmesh networking in LTE networks has recently become a focal point of interestin the emerging scenarios for 5G technology. We propose specific scenarioswhere this architecture can be effectively applied and illustrate the correspondingresults from the experimentation that was conducted in the OpenAirInterface For the data offloading problem, we study a framework for toggling LTE-A cellularmobile users to WiFi mesh networks. Mobile network operators can leasethese mesh networks to offload their traffic and reduce their servicing cost. Inthis context, we determine the most-costly users to the cellular network andwe design a routing policy that the mesh network can employ so as to servethe offloaded traffic with the minimum possible cost. Moreover, the reimbursementoffered by the operator should be dispensed to the different mesh users,according to their contribution and added-value significance. We address thisissue by employing the Shapley value profit sharing rule, which ensures theparticipation of the mesh nodes in this joint task.

COORDINATED DISTRIBUTED SCHEDULING IN WIRELESS MESH NETWORK

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 368-374
Author(s):  
Usha Kumari ◽  
Udai Shankar
Keyword(s):  
Network Performance ◽  
Mesh Networks ◽  
Mac Protocol ◽  
Scheduling Algorithm ◽  
Ieee 802.16 ◽  
Distributed Scheduling ◽  
Mesh Network ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Network Nodes ◽  
Wireless Mesh

IEEE 802.16 based wireless mesh networks (WMNs) are a promising broadband access solution to support flexibility, cost effectiveness and fast deployment of the fourth generation infrastructure based wireless networks. Reducing the time for channel establishment is critical for low latency/interactive Applications. According to IEEE 802.16 MAC protocol, there are three scheduling algorithms for assigning TDMA slots to each network node: centralized and distributed the distributed is further divided into two operational modes coordinated distributed and uncoordinated distributed. In coordinated distributed scheduling algorithm, network nodes have to transmit scheduling message in order to inform other nodes about their transfer schedule. In this paper a new approach is proposed to improve coordinated distributed scheduling efficiency in IEEE 802.16 mesh mode, with respect to three parameter Throughput, Average end to end delay and Normalized Overhead. For evaluating the proposed networks efficiency, several extensive simulations are performed in various network configurations and the most important system parameters which affect the network performance are analyzed

scholarly journals Context-Based Topology Control for Wireless Mesh Networks

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Pragasen Mudali ◽  
Matthew Olusegun Adigun
Keyword(s):  
Topology Control ◽  
Wireless Mesh Network ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Mesh Networks ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Mesh Network ◽  
Adjustment Process ◽  
Spatial Reuse ◽  
Test Bed ◽  
Wireless Mesh

Topology Control has been shown to provide several benefits to wireless ad hoc and mesh networks. However these benefits have largely been demonstrated using simulation-based evaluations. In this paper, we demonstrate the negative impact that the PlainTC Topology Control prototype has on topology stability. This instability is found to be caused by the large number of transceiver power adjustments undertaken by the prototype. A context-based solution is offered to reduce the number of transceiver power adjustments undertaken without sacrificing the cumulative transceiver power savings and spatial reuse advantages gained from employing Topology Control in an infrastructure wireless mesh network. We propose the context-based PlainTC+ prototype and show that incorporating context information in the transceiver power adjustment process significantly reduces topology instability. In addition, improvements to network performance arising from the improved topology stability are also observed. Future plans to add real-time context-awareness to PlainTC+ will have the scheme being prototyped in a software-defined wireless mesh network test-bed being planned.

scholarly journals Establishment Network by Using FSO Link Based on MD Code for Hybrid SCM-SAC-OCDMA Wireless System

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 5107
Author(s):  
Rashid Ali Fayadh ◽  
Mousa K. Wali ◽  
Mehdi F. Bonneya
Keyword(s):  
Mesh Networks ◽  
Wireless Systems ◽  
Wireless Channel ◽  
Mesh Network ◽  
Spectral Amplitude ◽  
Modulation Scheme ◽  
Atmospheric Effects ◽  
Free Space Optic ◽  
Spectral Amplitude Coding ◽  
Code Division Multiple

<p>Since the wireless systems are working under nature environments and influenced by turbulence, weather in Iraq that leads to extended amount of fading signal, dissipation or attenuation. Basic “hybrid Subcarrier Multiplying Spectral Amplitude Coding (SCM-SAC) of Optical Code Division Multiple Access (OCDMA)" indoor or outdoor optical system depends on generally “Multi-Diagonal (MD)" security code by using optical space known as “Free Space Optic (FSO)" that was proposed in this work. It is found that the mention hybrid wireless systems can be used in operating mesh networks. The main proposed idea of hybrid optical technique was analyzed and simulated by normally taking into simulation account that the directly effecting by rain and haze attenuations. In addition, there are mention and description for atmospheric effects, FSO mesh network, modulation scheme, simulation, and the data security. From simulation results, the hybrid system using MD code produces reduced “bit-error rate (BER)" at heavy storm rain to distance or range of 500 m and at drizzle rain up to 2500 m range. And also investigates the performance of using the proposed system with radio over fiber (RoF) for UWB signals through indoor propagation in building applications of wireless channel.</p>

scholarly journals RF Energy Harvesting with Multiple Sources in Wireless Mesh Network

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 606 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.N Puniran ◽  
Ahmad Robiah ◽  
Rudzidatul Akmam Dziyauddin
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Mesh Network ◽  
System Throughput ◽  
Power Splitting ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Wireless Mesh ◽  
Optimal Value ◽  
Rf Energy ◽  
Single Relay

Energy harvesting (EH) module for wireless sensor network has become a promising feature to prolong the conventional battery inside the devices. This emerging technology is gaining interest from sensor manufacturers as well as academicians across the globe. The concept of employing EH module must be cost effective and practical. In such, the use of EH module type besides RF is more realistic due to the size of the scavenger module, the availability of the resources and conversion efficiency. Most of the oil and gas plants have some drawbacks in scavenging RF from surrounding (i.e. router, Wi-Fi, base station, cell phone) due to its placement in remote area and thus limited energy sources could be a threat in this application. Multiple sources, including co-channel interference (CCI) in any constraint nodes is a feasible way of scavenging several wastes from ambient RF energy via wireless mesh topology. In this paper, a 3-node decode-and-forward (DF) model is proposed where the relay node is subject to an energy constraint. Multiple primary sources and CCI are added in the system model known as Multiple-Source and Single-Relay (MSSR). A mathematical model is derived in Time Switching Relaying (TSR) and Power Splitting Relaying (PSR) schemes to obtain an average system throughput at a destination. Numerical simulation with respect to the average throughput and EH ratio was performed and compared with the Single-Source and Single-Relay (SSSR) and ideal receiver. By applying multiple sources and CCI as an energy enhancement at the constraint node, the optimal value of EH ratio for TSR can be reduced significantly by 10% as compared to the ideal receiver whereas the optimal value of EH ratio for PSR is outweigh TSR in terms of overall system throughput.

scholarly journals A Novel Packet Aggregation Mechanism for Enhancing VoIP Performance on IEEE 802.11 Wireless Mesh Networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 01-08
Author(s):  
Guan-Hsiung Liaw et al.
Keyword(s):  
Ieee 802.11 ◽  
Mesh Networks ◽  
Mesh Network ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Aggregation Mechanism ◽  
Packet Aggregation ◽  
Wireless Mesh ◽  
Aggregation Scheme ◽  
Voice Data ◽  
The Voice

In 802.11 Wireless Mesh Network (WMN), bandwidth will be wasted much for transferring VoIP flows since each voice frame must contain relatively large amount of protocol data. “Packet Aggregation” mechanism can be applied to merge the voice data of multiple VoIP flows into one frame for transmission. It reduces the waste on bandwidth and increases the maximum number of successful VoIP calls. In addition, the mechanism “MCF controlled channel access” (MCCA) defined in 802.11 standard can be used to obtain better QoS than adopting default EDCA mechanism. In MCCA, mesh stations which wants to transfer VoIP flows can reserve time intervals of the medium for transmission and this reservation will be advertised to their neighbors. It is why MCCA causes less medium contentions than EDCA. In this paper, a mechanism to transfer VoIP flows in IEEE 802.11 WMN by MCCA with packet aggregation scheme is proposed. The effectiveness of the proposed mechanism is shown by simulation results. In addition, the problem named as Routing-Packet Aggregation / De-aggregation-Scheduling optimization problem (abbr. RPADS problem) derived from the proposed mechanism is also studied. A heuristic algorithm for RPADS problem to maximize the total number of supported calls is also proposed.

scholarly journals PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS AND QOS FRAMEWORK OF FLY WİRELESS NETWORK

2019 ◽  
Vol 01 (02) ◽  
pp. 103-115
Author(s):  
Durai Pandian M
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Service ◽  
Performance Analysis ◽  
Wireless Network ◽  
Wireless Mesh Network ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Mesh Networks ◽  
Access Point ◽  
Mesh Network ◽  
Wireless Mesh

The spread out of wireless mesh network has made possible the extended range of communication network that are impractical due to environmental changes in a wired access point, these wireless mesh network does not require much competence to set it up as it can be set very fast at a cheap rate, and the conveyancing of messages in it happens by selecting the shortest path, these wireless mesh built-in with irrepressible and invulnerable identities come with an endurance to temporary congestion and individual node failure. This results in an architecture providing a better coverage, flaw indulgent with higher bandwidth compared to other wireless distributed systems. But faces the limitation on power conservation. The battery activated mesh nodes loses their resources on perception, processing and transmission of the data’s, though these batteries or accumulators comes with energy regaining capability still draw backs show up as their nature of energy regaining are unexposed. So the performance analysis of fly wireless network which proposes a uninterrupted wireless mesh networks aims at providing a best measure of performance that is the best quality of service on the meshwork by providing an improved energy gleaning using potency segregation (IGPS) which empowers each node to have self- contained accumulation of energy achieving heightened adaption with energy consumption kept at a minimum. The gross functioning of the proposed is examined on the bases of delay and packet loss to prove the quality of service acquired.

Preventing Wormhole Attacks in Wireless Mesh Networks

2013 ◽  
Vol 443 ◽  
pp. 440-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Yu Luan ◽  
Ying Fang Fu ◽  
Peng Xiao ◽  
Ling Xi Peng
Keyword(s):  
Mesh Networks ◽  
Attack Detection ◽  
Mesh Network ◽  
Detection Scheme ◽  
Wormhole Attack ◽  
Attack Model ◽  
Wireless Mesh ◽  
Wormhole Attacks ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Identity Based

In a wireless mesh network, the need for cooperation among wireless nodes to relay each others packets exposes the network to a wide range of security threats. A particularly devastating type of threats is the so-called wormhole attacks. In order to defense against the attack, a type of wormhole attack model and a watch nodes-based wormhole attack detection scheme were presented in this paper. The scheme that is based on the combination of a number of techniques, such as distributed voting, watch nodes based detection and identity-based cryptosystem. Qualitative analysis and simulation show that the wormhole attack detection scheme is more advantageous over the some of the previous schemes in terms of performance and cost.

Deployment of a Wireless Mesh Network for Traffic Control

2012 ◽  
pp. 290-310
Author(s):  
Kun-chan Lan ◽  
Zhe Wang ◽  
Mahbub Hassan ◽  
Tim Moors ◽  
Rodney Berriman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Control ◽  
Network Architecture ◽  
Wireless Mesh Network ◽  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
Mesh Networks ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Mesh Network ◽  
Traffic Light ◽  
Wireless Mesh ◽  
Communication Needs

Wireless mesh networks (WMN) have attracted considerable interest in recent years as a convenient, new technology. However, the suitability of WMN for mission-critical infrastructure applications remains by and large unknown, as protocols typically employed in WMN are, for the most part, not designed for real-time communications. In this chapter, the authors describe a wireless mesh network architecture to solve the communication needs of the traffic control system in Sydney. This system, known as SCATS and used in over 100 cities around the world — from individual traffic light controllers to regional computers and the central TMC —places stringent requirements on the reliability and latency of the data exchanges. The authors discuss experience in the deployment of an initial testbed consisting of 7 mesh nodes placed at intersections with traffic lights, and share the results and insights learned from measurements and initial trials in the process.

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