scholarly journals Principal Effectiveness and Principal Turnover

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason A. Grissom ◽  
Brendan Bartanen
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
Relative Effectiveness ◽  
School Level ◽  
Principal Effectiveness ◽  
Turnover Rates ◽  
Effective Principals ◽  
Principal Turnover ◽  
Principal Performance ◽  
Turn Over

Research demonstrates the importance of principal effectiveness for school performance and the potentially negative effects of principal turnover. However, we have limited understanding of the factors that lead principals to leave their schools or about the relative effectiveness of those who stay and those who turn over. We investigate the association between principal effectiveness and principal turnover using longitudinal data from Tennessee, a state that has invested in multiple measures of principal performance through its educator evaluation system. Using three measures of principal performance, we show that less-effective principals are more likely to turn over, on average, though we find some evidence that the most effective principals have elevated turnover rates as well. Moreover, we demonstrate the importance of differentiating pathways out of the principalship, which vary substantially by effectiveness. Low performers are more likely to exit the education system and to be demoted to other school-level positions, whereas high performers are more likely to exit and to be promoted to central office positions. The link between performance and turnover suggests that prioritizing hiring or placing effective principals in schools with large numbers of low-income or low-achieving students can serve to lower principal turnover rates in high-needs environments.

Strategic Retention: Principal Effectiveness and Teacher Turnover in Multiple-Measure Teacher Evaluation Systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 514-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason A. Grissom ◽  
Brendan Bartanen
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Evaluation ◽  
Teacher Turnover ◽  
Classroom Observation ◽  
Principal Effectiveness ◽  
Turnover Rates ◽  
Effective Principals ◽  
High Performing ◽  
Evaluation Systems ◽  
Multiple Measure ◽  
Teacher Evaluation Systems

Studies link principal effectiveness to lower average rates of teacher turnover. However, principals need not target retention efforts equally to all teachers. Instead, strong principals may seek to strategically influence the composition of their school’s teaching force by retaining high performers and not retaining lower performers. We investigate such strategic retention behaviors with longitudinal data from Tennessee. Using multiple measures of teacher and principal effectiveness, we document that indeed more effective principals see lower rates of teacher turnover, on average. Moreover, this lower turnover is concentrated among high-performing teachers. In contrast, turnover rates of the lowest-performing teachers, as measured by classroom observation scores, increase substantially under higher-rated principals. This pattern is more apparent in advantaged schools and schools with stable leadership.

The Relationship Between Measures of Preservice Principal Practice and Future Principal Job Performance

2021 ◽  
pp. 016237372110250
Author(s):  
Christopher Doss ◽  
Melanie A. Zaber ◽  
Benjamin K. Master ◽  
Susan M. Gates ◽  
Laura Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Student Achievement ◽  
Principal Effectiveness ◽  
Effective Principals ◽  
Principal Retention ◽  
Evaluation Systems ◽  
School Based ◽  
Preservice Preparation ◽  
Principal Practice ◽  
Aspiring Principals ◽  
Principal Performance

Principals are the second-largest school-based contributor to student achievement. Interventions focused early in the “pipeline” for identifying and developing effective principals might be a promising strategy for promoting principal effectiveness, yet no prior research has examined measures of principal performance during preservice preparation. We analyze 31 measures of principal practices developed by New Leaders and integrate into their year-long, preservice Aspiring Principals program. We link these measures to administrative data in nine districts to understand how they predict student and principal outcomes after candidate placement. We find associations with gains in student achievement on standardized tests, gains in student attendance, and higher rates of principal retention. We compare our results with studies of measures from licensure exams and evaluation systems.

Visualizing differential principal turnover

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley Davis ◽  
Erin Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Data Visualization ◽  
Educational Administration ◽  
School Principals ◽  
School Level ◽  
Complex Data ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Principal Turnover ◽  
Turn Over ◽  
First Time ◽  
Over Time

PurposeThe authors demonstrate the usage of data visualization for conveying educational administration research, with a specific focus on differential principal turnover. They model when and how principals move, over time, between six categories of turnover.Design/methodology/approachThe authors construct several easy-to-interpret alluvial diagrams that reveal the patterns of differential turnover among 1,113 first-time Texas principals. Furthermore, the authors investigate how these patterns differ across educator characteristics (i.e. race and sex) and school contexts (i.e. school level and campus urbanicity).FindingsHalf of all first-time principals turn over within two years. Most principals who stay in leadership roles leave the district where they were first entered the principalship. Men are promoted more and women turn over less. In a connected finding, the authors conclude that elementary principals turn over less, and middle and high school principals are promoted more often. Principals of color are demoted more often than White principals. Urban school principals exit the system at a greater rate than rural principals.Originality/valueThe significance of this study lies in its direct response to two problems facing the administrator turnover knowledge base – a lack of methodological accessibility and the underutilization of data visualization. The authors’ is the first study to contain visualization of differential turnover outcomes over time. Second, the authors’ study provides a blueprint for data visualization that not only creates new knowledge but also speaks to a wider variety of education stakeholders by presenting complex data in a visual format.

scholarly journals Chronic Teacher Turnover in Urban Elementary Schools

2004 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kacey Guin
Keyword(s):  
Elementary Schools ◽  
Minority Students ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Teacher Turnover ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
School Level ◽  
Turnover Rates ◽  
High Turnover ◽  
Low Performing Schools ◽  
Organizational Challenges

This study examines the characteristics of elementary schools that experience chronic teacher turnover and the impacts of turnover on a school’s working climate and ability to effectively function. Based on evidence from staff climate surveys and case studies, it is clear that high turnover schools face significant organizational challenges. Schools with high teacher turnover rates have difficulty planning and implementing a coherent curriculum and sustaining positive working relationships among teachers. The reality of these organizational challenges is particularly alarming, given that high turnover schools are more likely to serve low-income and minority students. The negative relationship between teacher turnover and school functioning, and the fact that turbulent schools are disproportionately likely to serve lowincome and minority students have important implications for both district and school-level policies. Specifically: Teacher turnover rates are one indicator of school health, which school districts should consider when focusing on school improvements. Districts need to begin by developing the means to identify individual schools that experience high levels of teacher turnover. Current district policies in implementing professional development for teachers in low-performing schools are inefficient when teachers do not remain in the schools in which they are trained. In order for low-performing schools to improve, districts need to consider providing incentive programs so that high quality teachers apply for, and remain in, these schools. Future research is needed to address the causal link between turnover, organizational functioning and student outcomes. Additionally, there is a need for research examining district policies that may facilitate teacher turnover within a district, including how districts place and transfer teachers, as well as how teachers’ salaries are budgeted.

Light touch, heavy hand: principals and data-use PLCs

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 376-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Huguet ◽  
Caitlin C. Farrell ◽  
Julie A. Marsh
Keyword(s):  
Professional Learning ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Equal Opportunity ◽  
Data Use ◽  
Opportunity To Learn ◽  
School Level ◽  
Comparative Case Study ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Principal's Role

Purpose The use of data for instructional improvement is prevalent in today’s educational landscape, yet policies calling for data use may result in significant variation at the school level. The purpose of this paper is to focus on tools and routines as mechanisms of principal influence on data-use professional learning communities (PLCs). Design/methodology/approach Data were collected through a comparative case study of two low-income, low-performing schools in one district. The data set included interview and focus group transcripts, observation field notes and documents, and was iteratively coded. Findings The two principals in the study employed tools and routines differently to influence ways that teachers interacted with data in their PLCs. Teachers who were given leeway to co-construct data-use tools found them to be more beneficial to their work. Findings also suggest that teachers’ data use may benefit from more flexibility in their day-to-day PLC routines. Research limitations/implications Closer examination of how tools are designed and time is spent in data-use PLCs may help the authors further understand the influence of the principal’s role. Originality/value Previous research has demonstrated that data use can improve teacher instruction, yet the varied implementation of data-use PLCs in this district illustrates that not all students have an equal opportunity to learn from teachers who meaningfully engage with data.

Understanding Unfulfilled AP Potential Across the Participation Pipeline by Race and Income

2020 ◽  
Vol 122 (9) ◽  
pp. 1-38
Author(s):  
Awilda Rodriguez ◽  
Esmeralda Hernandez-Hamed
Keyword(s):  
Extracurricular Activities ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
School Level ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Student Centered ◽  
Teacher Recommendations

Background/Context Each year, large shares of students who could do well in Advanced Placement courses and exams—known as AP potential students—do not participate, particularly students of color and low-income students. There are a number of prevailing reasons, both structural (schools do not offer the courses, or teachers do not accurately identify students) and as well as student- centered (lack of motivation, conflicts with other activities, or lack of self-efficacy). Purpose/Objective/Research Question/Focus of Study This study seeks to empirically test these common reasons for foregoing AP participation with the following research questions: How are student and school characteristics related to the probabilities of students attending a high school that offers a corresponding course, enrolling in the course, and taking the exam? To what extent are explanations such as students’ constraints on time, lack of motivation, or lack of self-efficacy related to the probability of AP course- and exam-taking, net of student- and school-level measures? How well do AP potential estimates align with teacher recommendations into advanced coursework? We focused on differences across race and class throughout. Research Design We define AP potential as a 60% percent probability or better of receiving at least a 3 on an AP exam in either math or English. Using a nationally representative sample of sophomores in 2002 whom we identified as having AP potential, we answered the first research question with a sequential logit. We then used postestimation commands in Stata to examine motivation, hours working, hours in extracurricular activities, and measures of English and math self-efficacy to address the second research question. For the third research question, we modeled the probability of student misidentification—or the probability that the teacher of a student with AP potential will not identify them for honors or AP courses—using a logit. Conclusions/Recommendations We found that large shares of students did not fulfill their AP potential, which varied by student background and subject area. We did not find support for many of the student-centered reasons for forgoing AP, such as lack of motivation and constraints on time due to work or extra-curricular activities. We did find, however, that teacher identification and academic self-efficacy mattered to AP course- and exam-taking, especially for marginalized students, suggesting viable policy and practice levers to improve equitable AP participation. We discuss implications for policy, practice, and research.

Navigating the tension between scale and school context in digital college guidance

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-310
Author(s):  
Zoe Corwin ◽  
Tattiya J. Maruco
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
First Generation ◽  
School Context ◽  
School Level ◽  
Digital Tools ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Equity Issues ◽  
Digital Equity ◽  
Digital Intervention ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to highlight the potential of digital tools to address the significant challenge of increasing access to college and outline challenges and opportunities in effectively implementing a digital intervention across an entire school. Design/methodology/approach The study encompasses a randomized control trial and comparative case studies. This paper highlights qualitative data focused on implementation. Findings Findings illustrate impediments and strategies for implementing a school-wide digital intervention. Research limitations/implications Research focused on one particular intervention and is thus limited in scope. Practical implications The study has the potential to assist practitioners in better serving students from low-income and minoritized communities through digital tools. Social implications The study has implications for increasing the number of first-generation and minoritized youth who apply to and enroll in college. The study highlights digital equity issues often overlooked in ed-tech sectors. Originality/value Few studies exist that examine the implementation of digital interventions at the school level. Focusing on digital equity in the college access space (academic and practice) is novel.

scholarly journals Evaluasi program SMK kelas jauh di Pondok Pesantren Darul Qur’an Kabupaten Gunungkidul

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hermawan Prono ◽  
Soenarto Soenarto
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Boarding School ◽  
Learning Activities ◽  
School Level ◽  
Correlation Technique ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Assessment Procedure ◽  
Classroom Learning ◽  
High School Level ◽  
Validated Questionnaire

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk: 1) mendeskripsikan dukungan lingkungan terhadap program kelas jarak jauh SMK yang diselenggarakan dipondok pesantren Darul Qur’an Kabupaten Gunung Kidul, 2) mendeskripsikan input program kelas jarak jauh SMK jika ditinjau dari pendidik serta dukungan sarana dan prasarana yang dimiliki oleh pondok pesantren Darul Qur’an Kabupaten Gunung Kidul, 3) mendeskripsikan proses pembelajaran kelas jauh SMK yang diselenggarakan oleh pondok pesantren Darul Qur’an Kabupaten Gunung Kidul, dan 4) mengetahui keberhasilan program pembelajaran kelas jauh jika dilihat dari segi manfaat yang di dapat oleh peserta didik, ketrampilan peserta didik serta persentase lulusan dari tahun ke tahun yang diselenggrakan oleh pondok pesantren Darul Qur’an di Kabupaten Gunung Kidul.Penelitian ini merupkan jenis penelitian evaluasi dengan menggunakan model CIPP. Subjek penelitian ini adalah 1 kyai, 1 kepala sekolah, 3 wali murid, 20 orang guru dan 59 siswa kelas 1 dan kelas 2. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik angket, observasi dan wawancara. Angket divalidasi dengan validitas konstrak (constract validity). Selanjutnya data yang terkumpul dianalisis dengan teknik deskriptif dengan menggunakan bantuam SPSS 16.00 for windows. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1) mendapatkan respon sangat baik dari masyarakat karena dapat membantu masyarakat bagi ekonomi lemah untuk menyekolahkannya ke jenjang sekolah yang tinggi, 2) rekruitmen tenaga pendidik yang sangat mengedepankan kompetensi kualitas dan kapabilitas hal ini dapat dilihat dari kemampuan pendidik, yaitu pemahaman pendidik mengenai konsep pembelajaran dalam penyusunan rencana pembelajaran dengan hasil 70% dengan kategori sangat baik dan aspek pengelolaan kegiatan pembelajaran dengan hasil 75% dengan kategori sangat baik. Secara umum sarana dan prasarana yang ada di SMK Darul Qur’an sudah sangat memadai untuk menunjang lancarnya proses pembelajaran, 3) secara keseluruhan kegiatan pembelajaran di SMK sudah berjalan sangat baik, hal ini dapat dilihat dari pendidik dan peserta didik. Dari pendidik penerapan strategi pembelajaran oleh pendidik sudah sangat baik dengan hasil 70%, penggunaan media juga sangat baik dengan hasil 90% dan penyampaian materipun sangat baik dengan hasil 90%. Evaluasi kegiatan pembelajaran meliputi prosedur penilaian juga sangat baik dengan hasil 90% dan menerapkan prinsip penilaian juga sudah sangat baik dengan hasil 90%. Sedangkan dari peserta didik kegiatan pelakasanaan pembelajaran sangat baik dengan hasil 78% dan pengayaan juga sangat baik dengan hasil 78%, 4) keberhasilan pelaksanaan program sudah berjalan sangat baik hal ini dapat dilihat dari peserta didik dalam hasil belajarnya. Dalam muatan lokal mampu membaca menulis Al-Qur’an, hafal Al-Qur’an Bahasa Arab. Pendidikan life skill mampu merakit komputer, instal berdakwah dengan baik. Prestasi akademik maupun muatan lokal menjuari tingkat kecamatan, kabupaten dan propinsi. Tingkat kelulusan peserta didik setiap tahun mencapai 100%. LONG CLASS PROGRAM EVALUATION SMK PESANTREN DARUL QURAN IN DISTRIC GUNUNGKIDULAbstractThis study is aimed: 1) describe the environment to support classroom programs remotely hosted dipondok SMK Darul Quran Gunung Kidul, 2) describe the program input distance vocational classes when viewed from educators and support infrastructure boarding school owned by Darul Quran Gunung Kidul, 3) describe the process of classroom learning program organized by the far SMK Darul Quran Islamic boarding Gunung Kidul, and 4) determine the success of classroom learning much when viewed in terms of benefits in the can by the learner, the skills of learners and the percentage of graduates from year to year boarding school diselenggrakan by Darul Quran in Gunung Kidul. This was the type of research study evaluating the CIPP model. The subjects were clerics, principals, parents, 20 teachers and 59 students of class 1 and class 2. The data was collected by using questionnaires, observations and interviews. Validated questionnaire with construct validity (constract validity). Furthermore, the data were analyzed with product moment correlation technique. The results of the study show that: 1) get a very good response from the public because it can help for low-income people to send him to the high school level, 2) recruitment of educators who is promoting competence and capability of this quality can be seen from the ability of educators, namely understanding educators about the learning concepts in the preparation of lesson plans at 70% with very good categories and aspects of management of learning activities with results of 75% with a very good category. In general, the existing infrastructure at SMK Darul Quran is very adequate to support the smooth process of learning, 3) overall learning activities at SMK has been running very well, it can be seen from the educators and learners. From the application of instructional strategies educators by educators has been very good at 70%, the use of media is also very good with 90% and delivering results materipun very well with results of 90%. Evaluation of learning activities include the assessment procedure is also very good with the results of 90% and apply the principles of assessment has also been very good with 90% results. While exercising the activities of learners learning very well with the results of 78% and enrichment are also very well with the results of 78%, 4) the successful implementation of the program seen students with graduation rates of students every year who reach 100% and ratings are not out of the SMK half of all vocational schools in the district Gunungkidul, the interactions between learners are able to speak English and Arabic in addition to the achievement of students in various fields. Overall course grade vocational boarding school deep in Darul Quran has been going well.

Stable or Changing? Racial/Ethnic Compositions in American Public Schools, 2000 to 2015

2019 ◽  
Vol 121 (9) ◽  
pp. 1-36
Author(s):  
Siri Warkentien
Keyword(s):  
Elementary Schools ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Student Population ◽  
Ethnic Composition ◽  
School Level ◽  
Racial Change ◽  
School Diversity ◽  
Public Elementary Schools ◽  
Diverse Schools ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Background/Context Trends in district and metropolitan school segregation over the past several decades have been well documented, but less attention has focused on the racial/ethnic composition changes at individual schools that generate aggregate trends. These shortcomings limit our ability to understand complex and dynamic patterns of racial/ethnic change within schools, which may in turn prevent policy interventions that could increase school diversity and direct needed educational resources to schools. Purpose/Objective/Research Question/Focus of Study This study identifies distinct trajectories of racial/ethnic change occurring in public elementary schools between 2000 and 2015 and describes the characteristics and prevalence of each trajectory. In addition, the study examines how initial levels of school poverty are associated with membership in different trajectories. Research Design This secondary data analysis relies on data from the National Center for Education Statistics Common Core of Data (CCD) and employs latent class growth analysis. Findings/Results Despite the rapidly changing demographics of the overall student population, approximately 45% of all public elementary schools in the sample had stable racial compositions between 2000 and 2015. Close to half of the remaining schools, about 25% overall, experienced racial change at such a pace that they will be completely minority isolated within the next several decades if the pace continues. In the remaining schools, the pace of racial change is sufficiently slow to maintain diverse schools for many decades. Schools experiencing rapid Hispanic growth tend to have initially higher proportions of low-income students, indicating where racial change may likely occur and where schools will become racially and socioeconomically isolated without proactive policies in place. Conclusions/Recommendations Results suggest that absent intentional interventions that target the type of change trajectories being experienced at the school level, the overall increasing diversity of the student population will not likely lead to sustainably diverse schools for the majority of students. Providing the benefits of a non-racially isolated education for all children is possible, but we must first identify the school trajectories of change and stability, then determine the most appropriate strategy for improving school diversity, and finally provide the resources and policies needed to foster and maintain diverse schools that are inclusive of all students.

‘I Failed to Work Hard’: Reasons for Secondary School Dropout among Muslim Men in Delhi

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-69
Author(s):  
Aashti Salman
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Low Income ◽  
School Dropout ◽  
School Experiences ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
School Level ◽  
Committee Report ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Secondary School Level ◽  
Muslim Men

This article aims to understand the reasons and experiences which contribute to dropout among Muslims in India at the secondary school level (grades IX–XII). The focus of this article is low-income Muslim men, who have left school at the secondary level, in a predominantly Muslim neighbourhood of Jamia Nagar, Delhi. The context of this article is set by the seminal Sachar Committee Report which highlights the educational disadvantages of Muslims, categorising their school dropout rates as ‘worrisome’. The findings of this article are partially consistent with previous research. In the final instance, the Muslim men in Jamia Nagar linked their school leaving to their personal failure: in terms of their inability to maintain interest in studies/failing to clear a grade. There was a strong value attached to hard work, which men felt they lacked, and this was cited as the reason for their personal failure in school. In the process of constructing this narrative, family experiences were downplayed. School experiences were singled out by men as not affecting their decision to drop out. Another striking finding of this study is the relationship between self-employment and the decision to drop out.

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