Postsecondary Schooling and Parental Resources: Evidence from the PSID and HRS

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven J. Haider ◽  
Kathleen McGarry
Keyword(s):  
Transition To Adulthood ◽  
School Achievement ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Income Dynamics ◽  
High Quality Data ◽  
High School Achievement ◽  
Parental Resources ◽  
Retirement Study

We examine the association between young adult postsecondary schooling and parental financial resources using two datasets that contain high-quality data on parental resources: the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) and the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). We find the association to be pervasive—it exists for income and wealth, it extends far up the income and wealth distributions, it remains even after we control for a host of other characteristics, and it continues beyond simply beginning postsecondary schooling to completing a four-year degree. Using the Transition to Adulthood supplement to the PSID, we also find that financial resources strongly affect postsecondary schooling for all levels of high school achievement, and particularly for those at the highest level.

Exposure to Food Insecurity during Adolescence and Educational Attainment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colleen Heflin ◽  
Rajeev Darolia ◽  
Sharon Kukla-Acevedo
Keyword(s):  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Transition To Adulthood ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Behavioral Outcomes ◽  
College Attendance ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Income Dynamics ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Lower Educational Attainment

Abstract Previous research has documented the negative consequences of exposure to food insecurity over the early childhood period in terms of health and cognitive and behavioral outcomes, but less research has explored the consequences of exposure to food insecurity at other points in childhood. We examine the association between food insecurity during adolescence and educational attainment. We begin by exploring a conceptual framework for the potential mechanisms that might lead adolescents who experience food insecurity to have differential educational outcomes. Then, we use descriptive and regression analysis to see whether food insecurity is associated with lower educational attainment using data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics Transition to Adulthood Survey. We find that exposure to food insecurity during adolescence predicts lower levels of educational attainment by reducing college attendance.

scholarly journals Will I Stay Married?: Exploring Predictors of Expectations to Divorce in Unmarried Young Adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Arocho ◽  
Kelly Purtell
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Transition To Adulthood ◽  
Achievement Motivation ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Value Theory ◽  
Income Dynamics ◽  
Expectancy Value Theory ◽  
Expectancy Value ◽  
Partnership Status

Expectations that one may eventually divorce may predict behavior in young adulthood and beyond, but studies that have looked at individuals’ assessments of their divorce likelihood have been limited. Guided by the expectancy-value theory of achievement motivation, we tested five categories of potential predictors of divorce expectations in a sample of 1,610 unmarried young adults from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics Transition to Adulthood Study. Predictors were tested separately by gender and partnership status. Results suggested that some predictors mattered more for some groups than others, such as employment for single men or certainty of marriage for partnered women. Consistent with prior research, caregiver divorce was significantly associated with expectations to divorce but was only one of many factors found to predict these expectations. Socioeconomic factors and experiences and expectations of other relationships consistently predicted expectations. Expectations to divorce are multifaceted and complex.

What Can Digitization Do For Formulated Product Innovation and Development

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
James McDonagh ◽  
William Swope ◽  
Richard L. Anderson ◽  
Michael Johnston ◽  
David J. Bray
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
High Quality Data ◽  
Base Level ◽  
Hybrid Approaches ◽  
Digital Ecosystem ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Chemical Simulation ◽  
High Level ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Digitization offers significant opportunities for the formulated product industry to transform the way it works and develop new methods of business. R&D is one area of operation that is challenging to take advantage of these technologies due to its high level of domain specialisation and creativity but the benefits could be significant. Recent developments of base level technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI)/machine learning (ML), robotics and high performance computing (HPC), to name a few, present disruptive and transformative technologies which could offer new insights, discovery methods and enhanced chemical control when combined in a digital ecosystem of connectivity, distributive services and decentralisation. At the fundamental level, research in these technologies has shown that new physical and chemical insights can be gained, which in turn can augment experimental R&D approaches through physics-based chemical simulation, data driven models and hybrid approaches. In all of these cases, high quality data is required to build and validate models in addition to the skills and expertise to exploit such methods. In this article we give an overview of some of the digital technology demonstrators we have developed for formulated product R&D. We discuss the challenges in building and deploying these demonstrators.<br>

Collecting High-Quality Data

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Kay Gugerty ◽  
Dean Karlan
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Social Desirability ◽  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Social Desirability Bias ◽  
High Quality ◽  
High Quality Data ◽  
Evaluation Systems ◽  
Demand Effect

Without high-quality data, even the best-designed monitoring and evaluation systems will collapse. Chapter 7 introduces some the basics of collecting high-quality data and discusses how to address challenges that frequently arise. High-quality data must be clearly defined and have an indicator that validly and reliably measures the intended concept. The chapter then explains how to avoid common biases and measurement errors like anchoring, social desirability bias, the experimenter demand effect, unclear wording, long recall periods, and translation context. It then guides organizations on how to find indicators, test data collection instruments, manage surveys, and train staff appropriately for data collection and entry.

scholarly journals Velocity Analysis Using Separated Diffractions for Lunar Penetrating Radar Obtained by Yutu-2 Rover

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1387
Author(s):  
Chao Li ◽  
Jinhai Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Permittivity ◽  
Lunar Regolith ◽  
Velocity Model ◽  
Velocity Estimation ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
High Quality Data ◽  
Shallow Subsurface ◽  
Subsurface Structures ◽  
Ground Penetrating ◽  
Permittivity Model

The high-frequency channel of lunar penetrating radar (LPR) onboard Yutu-2 rover successfully collected high quality data on the far side of the Moon, which provide a chance for us to detect the shallow subsurface structures and thickness of lunar regolith. However, traditional methods cannot obtain reliable dielectric permittivity model, especially in the presence of high mix between diffractions and reflections, which is essential for understanding and interpreting the composition of lunar subsurface materials. In this paper, we introduce an effective method to construct a reliable velocity model by separating diffractions from reflections and perform focusing analysis using separated diffractions. We first used the plane-wave destruction method to extract weak-energy diffractions interfered by strong reflections, and the LPR data are separated into two parts: diffractions and reflections. Then, we construct a macro-velocity model of lunar subsurface by focusing analysis on separated diffractions. Both the synthetic ground penetrating radar (GPR) and LPR data shows that the migration results of separated reflections have much clearer subsurface structures, compared with the migration results of un-separated data. Our results produce accurate velocity estimation, which is vital for high-precision migration; additionally, the accurate velocity estimation directly provides solid constraints on the dielectric permittivity at different depth.

scholarly journals Financial Resources and Later-Year Relocation From the Annuitized Assessment of Income and Assets

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 50-50
Author(s):  
Jun-Hong Chen ◽  
Sojung Park
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Living Arrangement ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Behavioral Model ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Economic Factor ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Mortality Table

Abstract Solid evidence has shown financial resources play important roles in housing decisions among older adults. Despite the growing research on the joint assessment of income and assets as valid economic well-being, little attention is paid to its role in relocation in old age. Drawing from the Behavioral Model of Elderly Migration, this study examined to what extent financial resources are associated with the likelihood of moving in later years. The data came from the 2017 Panel Study of Income Dynamic (PSID). A sample of 1354 people, 65 years and older, was used in the analyses. We used the annuitized approach, which is different from conventional approaches that assume people draw down all available assets to satisfy daily needs and leave no assets for use in later years. We (1) assessed annuitized assets based on the 2019 IRS Mortality Table, (2) assessed yearly income using supplementary income (i.e. income plus non-discretionary expense). A final indicator of the summed score was used in a logistic regression to predict the likelihood of moving. A set of covariates known to affect later- year relocation at an individual level (e.g. health condition, living arrangement change), environmental level (e.g. rural, non-metro area) are controlled for. In clear conflict with previous studies, we found annual financial resources did not significantly influence relocation among older adults. The notable absence of the well-known role of the economic factor provides critical initial evidence about the importance of simultaneous assessment of financial resources for the literature on later year relocation.

scholarly journals Redistribution Preferences, Inequality Information, and Partisan Motivated Reasoning in the United States

Societies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Clem Brooks ◽  
Elijah Harter
Keyword(s):  
Party Identification ◽  
Motivated Reasoning ◽  
The United States ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Historical Time ◽  
High Quality Data ◽  
Redistributive Policies ◽  
Election Studies ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
The U.S

In an era of rising inequality, the U.S. public’s relatively modest support for redistributive policies has been a puzzle for scholars. Deepening the paradox is recent evidence that presenting information about inequality increases subjects’ support for redistributive policies by only a small amount. What explains inequality information’s limited effects? We extend partisan motivated reasoning scholarship to investigate whether political party identification confounds individuals’ processing of inequality information. Our study considers a much larger number of redistribution preference measures (12) than past scholarship. We offer a second novelty by bringing the dimension of historical time into hypothesis testing. Analyzing high-quality data from four American National Election Studies surveys, we find new evidence that partisanship confounds the interrelationship of inequality information and redistribution preferences. Further, our analyses find the effects of partisanship on redistribution preferences grew in magnitude from 2004 through 2016. We discuss implications for scholarship on information, motivated reasoning, and attitudes towards redistribution.

Marriage as a Mechanism of Internalizing Externalities: A Case of Smoking

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane J. You
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Legal Institution ◽  
Income Dynamics ◽  
Negative Externalities ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Married Individuals

Abstract With the view of marriage as a legal institution to internalize externalities, I examine the effect of marriage on smoking. From analyzing the data of Panel Study of Income Dynamics, I found that unmarried individuals are more likely to smoke by 4.9% point than married individuals with stronger impact on females. The long-run impact of marriage also shows that the unmarried individuals smoke more than married individuals but some of its positive impact diminishes within two years. These results on the whole imply that marriage internalizes the negative externalities of smoking and thus leads smokers to reduce smoking.

Using intentions to predict fertility

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Johannes Norling
Keyword(s):  
Rational Expectations ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Income Dynamics ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Childless Women

Abstract On average, childless women observed by the Panel Study of Income Dynamics report that they intend to have more children than they actually have. A collection of intentions that record only whether respondents intend to have another child can more accurately predict the number of children they have. Errors in the formation of intentions are not required to explain this finding. Rather, if intentions record a survey respondent's most likely predicted number of children, then the average of these intentions does not necessarily equal average actual fertility, even if intentions are formed using rational expectations.

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